Tiny Pores Research Articles

Realizing high ceramic yield and low shrinkage of in-situ formed lightweight 3D-SiC(rGO)px polymer-derived ceramics with excellent fracture toughness

Integration of high ceramic yield, low shrinkage and excellent fracture toughness in polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) is challenging. Highly cross-linked polycarbosilane-vinyltriethoxysilane-graphene oxide (PCS-VTES-GO, PVG) precursors spontaneously interact with dense high-strength SiC(rGO)p fillers for abundant Si-dangling bonds at their interfaces. Herein, an ingenious strategy via re-pyrolysis process of ball-milling-induced SiC(rGO)p/PVG blends is proposed to fabricate 3D-SiC(rGO)px PDCs. The in-situ formed innovative three-dimensional (3D) honeycomb cellular net-like structure, with dense β-SiC(SiO2)/SiOxCy/Cfree(rGO) framework providing high strength while tiny micro-sized pores relaxing stress at the tip, effectively improves molding process, ceramic yield and mechanical properties of PDCs. Particularly, lightweight 3D-SiC(rGO)p0.6 PDCs display dense surface, satisfactory hardness (3.96 GPa) and excellent fracture toughness (3.21 MPa m1/2), especially high ceramic yield (94.49%) and low linear shrinkage (5.00%), realizing outstanding values ever reported for PDCs to the best of our knowledge. During re-pyrolysis process, they have struck perfect balance and achieved a combination of equal volume of inwardly shrinking PVG precursors and outwardly expanding SiC(rGO)p fillers. For the first time, such synergistic effects of flexible PVG with rigid SiC(rGO)p in this way pave a practical route toward reliable mass-produced 3D-SiC(rGO)px PDCs with potential applications in emerging aerospace propulsion components.

Convenient and fast synthesis of various chromene pharmaceuticals assisted by highly porous volcanic micro-powder with nanoscale diameter porosity

Herein, a volcanic-based mesoporous catalytic system is precisely characterized by various analytical methods and suitably used for facilitating the organic synthesis reactions. Briefly, high reaction yield (99%) has been obtained in short reaction times (4 min) in the synthesis reactions of chromene pharmaceutical derivatives, through applying this highly efficient organometallic catalyst. From mechanistic aspect, effective electronic interactions between heteroatoms like oxygen with the surface of pumice microparticles provide a suitable condition for covalent bindings. As the main advantages of the volcanic pumice, high catalytic performance after activation of the chemical functional groups via acid treatment, magnetic property, and completely natural basis (biocompatibility and biodegradability) could be referred. Highly porous structure leads reactants to be entrapped in the tiny pores and activated for covalent binding. Moreover, significant convenience in the separation of the particles and great reusability could be mentioned as additional excellences for this catalyst.

Synthesis of graphene oxide-based nanofillers and their influence on the anticorrosion performance of epoxy coating in saline medium

The present study investigated the anticorrosion performance of epoxy coating by the incorporation of two different functionalized graphene oxides as nanofillers in saline media. GO was functionalized with 2-Aminothiazole (AT) and 2-amino-4-(1-Naphthyl)Thiazole (ANT) and modified compounds were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy, and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 0.2 wt% of neat epoxy and epoxy nanocomposites (GO-AT/EP and GO-ANT/EP) were coated on mild steel substrate by a spin coating method and the formation of a protective film on the steel surface was confirmed using SEM, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and contact angle test. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was employed to study the corrosion protection properties of nanocomposite coatings in 3.5% NaCl medium. The results signify the better anticorrosion performance of nanocomposite coatings due to their two-dimensional sheet structures, uniform dispersion and exfoliation in the epoxy matrix, hydrophobic nature and stopping up tiny pores properties. The GO-ANT/EP coating exhibited higher coating resistance (6.598 × 107 Ω cm2) than GO-AT/EP (1.017 × 105 Ω cm2) and pure epoxy (1270 Ω cm2) coating. The crowded structure of GO-ANT helps in forming highly crosslinked compact epoxy coating and therefore displays excellent corrosion protection efficiency than other coatings.

STUDIES ON THE IMPACT OF FLOW RATE AND BED HEIGHT ON THE FIXED BED ADSORPTION OF METHYLENE BLUE DYE, BISMARCK BROWN Y DYE, AND INDIGO BLUE DYE ON TO CEDRUS LIBANI (ELIZ ABETH LEAF) BIOMASS

Objective: One of the objectives of this work includes to expand the field of application of natural biomass for the treatment of dye effluents from industrial wastes. In addition, it is aimed at elucidating the dependency or otherwise of flow rate and bed height on adsorption using the fixed bed technique method of adsorption.
 Methods: The biomass was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to examine the morphology of the biomass. The screened biomass samples were characterized at 1000 x magnification, and 500 x magnification respectively for their surface morphologies. This was done using a scanning electron microscope (FEI–inspect/OXFORD INSTRUMENTS–X–MAX), which was equipped with an energy dispersive x-ray (EDAX) spectrophotometer employed for the elemental composition analyses. It was equally characterized with Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) before and after adsorption to ascertain the functional growth responsible for the adsorption. This was done using a Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) Spectrophotometer (Perkin-Elmer, England) in the wavelength range of 350-4000 nm.
 Results: Results for the biomass morphology obtained through the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed the presence of some tiny pores. These pores represent sites where dye molecules could be trapped in the course of the adsorption. The result from the Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) after adsorption show that C-H, C ≡ H, and C ≡ C functional growth were responsible for the adsorption. For the methylene blue dye, at the flow rate of 20m3/s, the amount of dye adsorbed was 8.40 mg/g, 11.30 mg/g at 30m3/s and 13.64 mg/g at 40m3/s. For Bismarck brown Y dye, at the same range of flow rate, the amount of dye adsorbed ranged from 4.71 mg/g to 9.78 mg/g. indigo was the least adsorbed at the same range of flow rate. The values obtained ranged from 2.80 mg/g to 8.00 mg/g. In addition, at the bed height of 4.0–6.0x10-2(m), the amount of dye adsorbed ranged from 5.15 mg/g–24.62 mg/g for methylene blue dye. Within the same range of bed height, the amount of dye adsorbed ranged from 8.20 mg/g–15.00 mg/g for Bismarck brown Y dye, and 5.66 mg/g–14.86 mg/g for indigo dye.
 Conclusion: From the results obtained, it is clearly seen that methylene blue dye was the most adsorbed, while the indigo dye was the least adsorbed within the same flow rate and bed height ranges. In addition, the three classes of dyes used in these investigations, which represent Cationic, Anionic and Neutral dyes, can adsorb on to Cedrus libani (Elizabeth Leaf) at various degrees. Also, the amount of dye adsorbed is dependent on the flow rate and bed height within the range of experimental consideration.
 In each of the analyses, three different experiments were performed, and the mean values reported with their standard deviations.

An artificial skin oozes ‘sweat’ through tiny pores

An artificial skin oozes ‘sweat’ through tiny pores

Optimizing Electrochemically Active Surfaces of Carbonaceous Electrodes for Ionogel Based Supercapacitors

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) or solidified ionic liquids, known as ionogels, have been actively employed in supercapacitors (SCs) owing to their superior electrochemical stabilities to aqueous and organic electrolytes. However, initial efforts of using ILs and ionogels in SCs were not successful because bulky and sluggish ions cannot effectively access tiny pores of conventional microporous carbons. To address this, a strategy is developed to optimize the electrochemically active surfaces of carbonaceous electrodes and thus to improve the energy storage performance by incorporating 3D ordered/interconnected large mesoporous carbons with ionogel electrolytes. Precisely designed large mesopores interconnected via windows promote mass transport of the electrolyte ions within the solid ionogel electrolytes and effectively utilize the surface of the carbon electrodes for capacitive energy storage, giving rise to record‐high energy storage performance that surpasses the upper bound of the Ragone plots of the current state‐of‐the‐art SCs. In addition, all‐solid‐state SCs with outstanding bending/folding durability are successfully demonstrated. Overall, these results provide critical insight into surface utilization of carbon electrodes as well as capacitive energy storage, when viscous and bulky ILs or ionogels are used as electrolytes.

Development of silicon quantum dots based nano-fluid for enhanced oil recovery in tight Bakken cores

A novel silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) based nano-fluid was first developed for effectively recovering Bakken Oil. The Bakken Formation is one of the largest contiguous deposits of unconventional oil in the USA and Canada. However, the oil recovery rate is only 5%−10% due to the existence of abundant tiny pores and ultra-low permeability. In this work, a novel nano-fluid was developed using ultra-small sized silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) coated with a zwitterionic surfactant. The nano-fluid exhibited good stability in synthetic high salinity brine containing divalent cations at high temperature and excellent capabilities in reducing interfacial tension and altering wettability, making it a good enhanced oil recovery (EOR) agent for tight Bakken Formation. Experimental results showed that the developed nano-fluid recovered 25.72 %OOIP (original oil-in-place) from Bakken core samples by spontaneous imbibition, which was 7.49 %OOIP higher than using surfactant alone. Similar results were obtained in the core flooding tests, where 41.98 %OOIP was finally recovered by the nano-fluid, compared to 30.28% in surfactant case. Herein, the mechanisms of disjoining pressure and synergistic effects between surfactant and nanoparticles have also been put forward. In short, the developed quantum dots based nano-fluid has played an instructive and a reference role in the application of oil field and would be a potential oil displacing agent for EOR.

A comparative study of the incorporation effect of SWCNT-OH and DWCNT with varied microstructural defects on tensile and impact strengths of epoxy based nanocomposite

This study presents an investigation of the influence of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) and Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (DWCNTs) on tensile and impact strengths of epoxy based nanocomposites. Two different CNTs weight percentages were employed including 0.5 and 0.75 wt.% in order to verify their effects on microstructures and mechanical properties. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) were used to analyze the microstructural characteristics of the CNT doped epoxy including presence of defects such as air bubbles, tiny pores and aggregates. DWCNTs/epoxy nanocomposites presented higher amount of pores due to lack of functionalization, while SWCNTs/epoxy ones showed more entanglement mostly at high CNT loading due to its larger aspect ratio. Results showed that tensile strength was slightly enhanced (6 %) for 0.5 wt.% SWCNT, whereas for other nanocomposites it reduced in comparison with the neat epoxy, due to presence of manufacturing defects in the material. Impact strength significantly improved by 51 % and 31 % at 0.5 wt.% SWCNTs and 0.5 wt.% DWCNTs, respectively, resulting from activation of crack bridging and CNTs pull-out mechanisms. Different behaviours between tensile and impact tests are related to homogeneous stress distribution and localized stress concentration in tensile and impact tests, respectively.

Elevated CO2 promotes satellite stomata production in young cotyledons of Arabidopsis thaliana.

Stomata are tiny pores on plant leaves and stems surrounded by a pair of differentiated epidermal cells known as guard cells. Plants undergo guard cell differentiation in response to environmental cues, including atmospheric CO2 . To quantitatively evaluate stomatal development in response to elevated CO2 , imaging analysis of stomata was conducted using young cotyledons of Arabidopsis thaliana grown under ambient (380ppm) and elevated (1,000ppm) CO2 conditions. Our analysis revealed that treatment with 1,000ppm CO2 did not affect stomatal numbers on abaxial sides of cotyledons but increased cotyledon area, resulting in decreased stomatal density, 7days after germination. Interestingly, this treatment also perturbed the uniform distribution of stomata via excess satellite stomata and stomatal precursor cells. We used overexpression lines of the DNA replication licensing factor gene CDC6, a reported positive regulator of satellite stomata production. CDC6 overexpression decreased the speed of cotyledon expansion, even under treatment with 1,000ppm CO2 , possibly by suppressing pavement cell maturation. In contrast, treatment with 1,000ppm CO2 induced stomatal distribution changes in the overexpressor. These results suggest that treatment with 1,000ppm CO2 enhances both cotyledon expansion and satellite stomata production via independent pathways, at least in young cotyledons of A.thaliana.

Multiscale modeling algorithm for core images.

Computed tomography (CT) images of large core samples acquired by imaging equipment are insufficiently clear and ineffectively describe the tiny pore structure; conversely, images of small core samples are insufficiently globally representative. To alleviate these challenges, the idea of a super-resolution reconstruction algorithm is combined with that of a three-dimensional core reconstruction algorithm, and a multiscale core CT image fusion reconstruction algorithm is proposed. To obtain sufficient image quality with high resolution, a large-scale core image is used to provide global feature information as well as information regarding the basic morphological structure of a large-scale pore and particle. Then the texture pattern and the tiny pore distribution information of a small-scale core image is used to refine the coarse large-scale core image. A blind image quality assessment is utilized to estimate the degradation model of core images at different scales. A multilevel pattern mapping dictionary containing local binary patterns is designed to speed up the pattern matching procedure, and an adaptive weighted reconstruction algorithm is designed to reduce the blockiness. With our method, images of the same core at different scales were successfully fused. The proposed algorithm is extensively tested on microstructures of different rock samples; all cases of the reconstructed results and those of the actual sample were found to be in good agreement with each other. The final reconstructed image contains both large-scale and small-scale information that can provide a better understanding of the core samples and inform the accurate calculation of parameters.

Solution Extrusion Additive Manufacturing of Biodegradable Polycaprolactone

Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a resorbable semicrystalline polymer that degrades slowly via hydrolysis and has applications in medical implants and drug delivery. As a result of its low melting point, PCL can be processed easily by conventional polymer processing techniques. However, the additive manufacturing of PCL remains a challenge, mainly due to the fact that there are no commercially available filaments for traditional fused deposition modeling (FDM). Furthermore, when the materials are fabricated via FDM for drug delivery applications, the high temperature may deactivate the incorporated drugs/biomolecules. This study investigates the solution extrusion additive manufacturing of PCL using a lab-developed solution-type device. The device comprises a solution extrusion feeder, driving stepper motors, a power source, a syringe equipped with a dispensing tip, an accumulation platform, and a control interface. The influences of different manufacturing parameters on part quality were evaluated. The experimental results suggest that the tensile strength of the additively manufactured parts increases with fill density but decreases with the ratio of PCL to dichloromethane (DCM) and moving speed of the dispensing tip. Parts fabricated by 90° print orientation of infill exhibited the greatest mechanical strength. The fabricated parts tend to heal the gaps among strips after additive manufacturing, but tiny pores can still be seen on the surfaces.

A new cypridopsine genus (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from Thailand

A new cypridopsine genus, Cyprettadopsis gen. nov., described here, is principally characterized by the reduced caudal ramus, the strongly serrated claw G2 of the antenna (A2), the A2 subquadrate terminal segment, the undivided penultimate segment of the second thoracopod (T2), the morphology of the third thoracopod bearing a distinctly separated terminal segment, the complete septa on the posteroventral margin and the incomplete septa on the anterior margin of both valves. Based on a combination of these characters, a new tribe, Cyprettadopsini trib. nov., is created in the subfamily Cypridopsinae Kaufmann, 1900 to accommodate this new genus, and one new species, Cyprettadopsis sutura gen. et sp. nov., is described as the type species. Apart from the above generic characters, the following features are also typical of the new species: the tiny needlepoint-like pores along the anterior and ventral margins of both valves, the remarkably large β-seta on the mandibular palp and the considerably short d2 seta on the T2. The presence of marginal septa in the new genus is a distinctive character and constitutes the first record of this feature within Cypridopsinae. The taxonomically relevant characters in the new taxon and related taxa are briefly discussed.

Pore Size Changes in Marine Soft Soil under Various Freezing Conditions

Artificial freezing methods can help highlight the mechanical properties of marine clay. The construction of cross passages in metro tunnels employs the freezing method. Freeze–thaw circulation, which is part of the process, affects the engineering properties of clay and produces differential settling. This paper describes the percentages of specific diameters of frozen–thawed soil under different freezing temperatures, measured with the help of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In response to the experimental results, a weakening effect of freezing temperature and speed on soft soil is proposed. All sizes of undisturbed soil pores tend to increase under various freezing temperatures. Owing to differences in free water content, the water in medium pores freezes quicker than that in tiny pores. The quicker the freezing, the greater the resulting void ratio. Finally, potential reasons for changes in pore size under different freezing conditions are explained from a microcosmic perspective.

Pore structure alteration induced by CO2–brine–rock interaction during CO2 energetic fracturing in tight oil reservoirs

CO2 energetic fracturing is an important technique for developing tight oil resources by creating complex fractures and enhancing formation pressure. The physical properties of host rocks may be changed by CO2–brine–rock interaction in the soaking stage of CO2 energetic fracturing. However, the pore structure alteration behavior and mechanism during CO2 energetic fracturing are still unclear. To address this problem, this work conducted static soaking experiment under reservoir temperature-pressure conditions and employed multiple techniques to comprehensively characterize the pore structure. The results show that CO2–brine–rock interaction generated many large pores (10–50 μm) due to the dissolutions of carbonate and feldspar, numerous tiny intragranular pores (1–6 μm) and some microfractures in clays. The T2 distribution could be applied to characterize the pore size distribution of tight sandstones when the pores saturated with brine. Some secondary clay particles and debris dispersed into the brine caused by CO2–brine–rock interaction. These particles may block extremely small pore throats during flowing back. These blockages weakened the exchange between the small and the large pores, characterized by single-peak and insignificant three-peak T2 distributions transformed into apparent dual-peak T2 distributions. After soaking the rock with CO2-saturated brine for 168 h at 20 MPa and 80 °C, the maximum pore throat radius increased four-fold, and the average pore throat radius increased by 86.5% from 0.089 μm to 0.166 μm, indicating a significant increase in the pore connectivity. Increasing the soaking pressure or CO2 concentration can transform small pores into larger pores and can open bedding planes significantly, thus increasing the porosity and permeability of tight sandstones.

Effect of grain structure on the mechanical properties and in vitro corrosion behavior of additively manufactured pure Zn

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) has been previously used to produce customized medical implants from biodegradable Zn and its alloys. In this study, we investigated the effect of the grain structure on the mechanical properties and in vitro corrosion behavior of pure Zn samples, by varying the scanning speed and building direction during the LPBF process. Increasing the scanning speed from 300 to 700 mm/s resulted in finer grains, irregular grain morphology, and a weaker grain texture, which enhanced the strength and ductility. Vertically built LPBF Zn tensile samples had higher strength and ductility compared with horizontally built samples, indicating strong anisotropy of the mechanical properties. Electrochemical tests revealed that the in vitro corrosion behavior was not strongly correlated with the scanning speed. This was attributable to the random distribution of tiny pores on the surface of the LPBF samples, although immersion tests showed that the sample prepared with the highest scanning speed exhibited the highest corrosion rate. With increasing immersion time in Hank’s solution, the Zn2+ concentrations of the samples produced with different scanning speeds increased, their pH stabilized, and the differences between the corrosion rates narrowed. The effects of the processing parameters on the final performance of the samples could be well explained by the grain structures. The findings of this study afford bases for selecting the processing parameters for optimizing the properties of LPBF-produced Zn parts for biodegradable applications.

A comparative study of fracture surface roughness and flow characteristics between CO2 and water fracturing

Fracture surfaces were measured using a 3-D optical topography scanner, and the fracture surfaces caused by CO2 fracturing are much rougher than those caused by water fracturing due to the stronger penetrability of CO2 through tiny pores and channels. The fracture roughness of siltstone with intensive macro-pores is greater than that of shale, because fractures preferably propagate along the orientation of macro-pores. Fracture flow conductivity is greatly enhanced after small shear displacement between fracture surfaces, because of the generation of flow pathways on rough fracture surfaces. Shear deformation perpendicular to flow direction creates relatively unobstructed and straight flow pathways along the flow direction, and flow conductivity is around one order of magnitude higher than that with shear deformation along the flow direction and 300–400 times that without any shear deformation. Our results suggest that CO2 fracturing has an advantage over water fracturing in improving flow capacity of created fractures.

A comparative study on physicochemical properties of two nanomagnetic compounds CaO@Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@CaO and their catalytic role on biodiesel preparation

AbstractIn this study, two nanomagnetic compounds from calcium oxide and iron (II, III) oxide (CaO@ Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@CaO) were synthesized by hydrothermal method and were characterized by general techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, MAP, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller. The chemical and physical properties of these nanocompounds were studied, and they were compared with each other. The type of metal oxide as a support part was considered to be very interesting in this research. By changing the support from Fe3O4 to CaO: (a) the crystal size decreased from 41.60 to 36.82 nm, (b) the morphology was significantly changed, CaO@ Fe3O4 got a misty mountain‐like shape but other compound got a tiny spherical shape, (c) surface area and pore volume decreased as CaO@Fe3O4 is macroporous and the other compound is microporous. (d) Fe3O4 as support yielded better results than CaO due to more amount of coating. Both nanomagnetic compounds efficiently performed transesterification process using sunflower oil and methanol without any additional base compounds but CaO@Fe3O4 is slightly stronger catalyst than Fe3O4@CaO. Prepared biodiesel was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), 13C‐NMR, and gas chromatography apparatuses. These results also corresponded with the prepared biodiesel by NaOH as a standard.

Parameter Prediction of Water Imbibition in Unsaturated Shales Using the NMR Method

Although the hydraulic fracturing treatment can improve the conductivity of shale reservoirs, the low recovery rate of the fracturing fluid may cause potential environmental and production issues. For an accurate investigation of these issues, an appropriate model of the water imbibition in shales is required. However, the hydraulic parameters related to water imbibition in shales are hard to be measured due to their tiny pores. In this study, an effective method is proposed to estimate the water imbibition volume. The nuclear magnetic resonance method is applied to obtain the related parameters including the capillary curve, the intrinsic and relative permeability of the shale, which can significantly cut down the time and cost needed to get these data. This model is validated by water imbibition experiments. In addition, we compare two empirical equations used to calculate intrinsic permeability in the NMR method and calibrate the corresponding parameter a for shale, which is poorly investigated in literature. Finally, we suggest that the capillary force dominates the early stage of water imbibition process in unsaturated shales, and the late period may be influenced more by other mechanisms such as the osmosis and the surface hydration.

Hollow silica nanoparticles: A tiny pore with big dreams

Hollow nanoparticles exhibit unique functions such as thermal insulation, low dielectricity, and abnormal light scattering, especially when the inner size reaches less than twice the mean free path of air molecules (mean free path of air is 68 nm). It is easy to imagine that a nano-sized pore improves the thermal insulation performance due to less air convection flow inside. However, not only the hollow interior but also the shell microstructure (size, thickness, and density) strongly affect the functionalities. For example, a lower apparent shell density induces a higher thermal insulation probably due to phonon scattering on the siloxane bond cleavages. The best performance for the thermal conductivity of the hollow particle/polymer composite was 0.019 W/m·K, which is superior to air. The structure design of the hollow nanoparticle is quite important to produce this effect. In this review, based on important parameters, how to design the structure and wide applications of hollow nanoparticles are reviewed and a bright outlook for the future is expected.

Novel in-depth profile control agent based on in-situ polymeric microspheres in low permeability reservoir

To solve the contradiction between the injectability of the profile control agent and its profile control ability in low-permeability reservoirs, a novel in-situ polymeric microsphere profile control agent is proposed. In-situ-polymeric microsphere (ISPM) emulsion was injected into the formation by polymerization to form microspheres for profile control. The emulsion was composed of divinylbenzene, acrylamide monomer, surfactant fatty acid polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, sorbitan oleate and p-hydroxyanisole. An ISPM particle diameter of 1.88 to 30.60 μm was achieved by adjusting the amount of Span80. The ISPM emulsion polymerization time was set to a maximum of 8.4 hours to ensures that the microsphere emulsion could be successfully injected into the formation. Polymerization reaction time increased with the increase of salinity. pH has no significant effect on the reaction time in the range of 5 to 8. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) experiments showed that the ISPM emulsion could be polymerized in tiny pores to form microspheres. Furthermore, multipoint pressure measurement experiment and electron microscopy results showed that the ISPM emulsion presented good injectability in low-permeability cores, and the microspheres formed after emulsion polymerization achieved deep plugging in cores. The injectability and blocking effect of the core with ISPM was found to be better than with microspheres (61.7%) for the blocking rate of the core at 10–15 cm deep reached 81.55%. The double-layer heterogeneous core flooding experiments showed that ISPM could expand the sweep volume of subsequent injection fluids and achieve improved oil production and water control. The composite slug composed of surfactant BA and ISPM demonstrated better profile control effect than the ISPM slug alone, and the enhanced oil recovery factor reached 15.65%.