Tin Segregation Research Articles

Anisotropy in grain boundary segregation in copper-bismuth alloys

Abstract The fracture surfaces of an alloy of copper containing 60 p.p.m. of bismuth have been analysed by Auger electron spectroscopy. Alloys annealed in the temperature range 400° to 700°C before fracture all show marked anisotropy in the segregation of bismuth to the intergranular fracture surface. This is in marked contrast to the results obtained by Seah and Hondros (1973) for sulphur and tin segregation in iron. Possible reasons for this contrasting behaviour are discussed briefly.

The effect of grain boundary segregation on liquid metal induced embrittlement of steel

The effect of the segragation of tin, antimony, phosphorus and arsenic to the prior austenite grain boundaries on the susceptibility of an AISI 3340 steel to liquid metal induced embrittlement by lead and tin is studied. It is shown that in general segregation of tin or antimony causes an increase in susceptibility while that of phosphorus or arsenic causes a modest decrease. The results are discussed in terms of the bond-breaking model of liquid metal induced embrittlement, with appropriate modifications to account for the role of the segregate.

Grain boundary segregation of tin and the electronic and vibrational state in Zn|Al euṫectoid

Grain boundary segregation of tin and the electronic and vibrational state in Zn|Al euṫectoid

Free Energy Changes and Boundary Segregation of Tin and Antimony in CrV Steels

Free Energy Changes and Boundary Segregation of Tin and Antimony in CrV Steels

Long-time isothermal temper embrittlement in Ni-Cr-Mo-V steels

Four commercial purity Ni-Cr-Mo-V steels of closely comparable bulk chemistry and grain size, but tempered to various strength levels, were embrittled by exposure at 600°, 750°, and 850°F for times up to 35,000 hr. Maximum temper embrittlement occurred at 850°F in all steels. Severe cases of embrittlement resulted in a marked decrease in tensile ductility and an intergranular tensile fracture. Auger electron emission analysis showed that P, Sn, Ni, and Cr were segregated at prior austenite boundaries in the steels exposed to 750° and 850°F. Increased segregation of phorphorus and tin was always accompanied by increased segregation of nickel and chromium. The severity of grain boundary segregation increased with increasing values of fracture transition temperature. Despite comparable bulk chemistry and grain size, the degree of segregation was different in different steels. Under exposure conditions causing severe embrittlement, the FATT values displayed a strong dependence on the strength level of the steel. In a giyen steel, while the composition and morphology of carbides at austenite boundaries were the same as in the matrix, the density and size of carbides were much higher at the austenite boundaries. The preference of these boundaries as fracture sites would seem to arise from two considerations, namely, a high degree of impurity and alloy element segregation and the fact that the density and size of carbides at these boundaries is higher than that in the matrix.

Experimental eyidence for segregation to threefold nodes

Abstract It has been found that annealing of deformed specimens of a series of Au-Sn alloys, at temperatures below that at which recrystallization occurred, resulted in a significant increase in the radius of extended threefold nodes. This increase is interpreted in terms of segregation of tin to the nodes and contrasted with previous results on other alloy systems.

STUDIES ON THE DENTAL CARIES WITH STANNOUS FLUORIDE BY MAKING OF RADIOACTIVE TIN-113

Studies were conducted, from the standpoint of tin, by making use of radioactive tin-113, on the anti-corrosive effect of stannous fluoride on the enamel of an extracted tooth.The radioactive stannous fluoride was produced by leaving a large quantity of 113SnF2 mixed with a very small amount of 113SnCl2 as it was for 3 hours, in order to transform 113SnCl2 obtained into 113SnF2. Therefor was used the substitution equivalent to effect halogen ion of fluorine (F) and chlorine (Cl) adhering to tin ion (Sn++) of both elements.As the experimental item, the conditions and adhering status of stannous fluoride at the time of application were measured by the well-type scintillation counter from the aspect of radioactivity, while the domain of its segregation was observed by auto-radiography. And, measurement was also made on the segregation amount of tin in the acid-alkali solution.The results obtained were as follows :1. It is optimum to apply the ointment at 8% in concentration for 2-3 hours.2. The tin of stannous fluoride adheres evenly to the surface of healthy and normal enamel, especially much to the carious and damaged parts.3. The segregation of tin caused by the acid-alkali solution is more violent as acid is stronger, and a large amount of segregation of tin in pH 5.0-pH 3.0 has been observed since the early stage.