Timor Tengah Selatan Research Articles

Strategies in Developing Freshwater Fish Farming to Prevent Stunting

Background: Timor Tengah Selatan is home to some of the most common malnutrition problems in Indonesia. The high rate of stunting in Timor Tengah Selatan is caused by food availability, climate and lack of knowledge about stunting itself. Additionally, the rural nature of the region, its high water demand, poor road infrastructure, and lack of visibility for health workers are significant factors. Therefore, there is a need for efforts to achieve success in fighting stunting, one of which is the strategy of developing freshwater fish farming to overcome stunting in Timor Tengah Selatan. Aim: The research would like to analyze strategies in developing freshwater fish farming to prevent stunting in Timor Tengah Selatan. Method: This research is a type of qualitative descriptive research, while data collection techniques are carried out by exploring journals and other information relevant to the study. Findings: The results of the study show that the strategy for developing freshwater fish farming to overcome stunting in Timor Tengah Selatan is by increasing business and creating additional income for the community as well as encouraging the development of freshwater aquaculture to replace the decline in marine fish during difficult times. It will improve the economy of the region which is also supported by an increase in fishermen's income.

The Effects of Transformational Leadership on Commitment, Motivation, Compensation and Employee Performance of Local Water Supply Companies in Timor Tengah Selatan Regency Indonesia

This research is motivated by the contradictions contained in organizational theory and empirical findings of previous research on the effect of transformational leadership on organizational commitment, employee motivation, compensation, employee performance. The purpose of this research is to examine and explain the effect of transformational leadership on organizational commitment, employee motivation, employee compensation and performance. The method in this research is a quantitative approach with explanatory research. The analysis technique uses Smart PLS 3. Sample data were obtained from 40 respondents as employees at the Regional Drinking Water Company in Timor Tengah Selatan Regency. The findings of this study are that transformational leadership has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment, employee motivation, compensation and employee performance. Organizational commitment has a positive and significant effect on motivation. Employee motivation has a positive and significant effect on compensation. Compensation has a positive effect and is significant to employee performance. This study concludes that the variables of transformational leadership, organizational commitment, employee motivation, reasonable compensation have an important role in improving employee performance which excels in achieving organizational goals as a common goal. Therefore, it is necessary to get attention from policy makers to consider these variables.

The Role Of The Regional Election Commission (Kpud) For Increasing Voter Participation (Study In Timor Tengah Selatan District, Ntt Province)

One indicator of the success of holding elections is increasing voter participation, so the Regional General Election Commission (KPUD) of TTS Regency, as the election management body, must strive to increase voter participation to exercise their right to vote. This research uses qualitative methods and a case study approach and is located in TTS District. Primary data in this study were taken through direct interviews with KPUD members and the community involved and not involved in the 2019 TTS Regency Election with a total of 38 informants, while the secondary data in this study were taken from library data, journals and election documents for 2019 then the collected data were analyzed using data analysis techniques from Yin (2008: 34) which were predominantly carried out in case study research. The results of the study found that the role of the TTS Regency KPUD in increasing community participation was through; (1) Electoral education, namely using; (a) conducting outreach, (b) forming democracy volunteers and (c) establishing election smart houses but the turnout rate of voters in TTS Regency is still low due to factors of no KTP, distance to the residence, wandering, not having a mobile phone, apathy and resignation, being late find out information and the lack of signal coverage in TTS District in several locations

Consumer Knowledge and Attitudes about Information on Food Labels for Packaged Foods in Rural and Urban Areas in Timor Tengah Selatan (TTS) District

Background: Access to packaged foods is improving, but attitude and knowledge about the labels on packaged food are still low. Research Objective: Research Objective was to determine the correlation between consumer knowledge and attitudes about information on food labels for packaged foods in rural and urban areas in Timor Tengah Selatan (TTS) District. Method: Method is cross sectional. This research conducted from June - October 2021. Subjects were taken using the quota sampling. Total subjects 200 people. The inclusion criteria used; men or women who often buy packaged food at the kios selected as the research site, male or female (age 15–55 years), physically and mentally healthy, domiciled in the research area, and want to become Subjects. The Research Locations were in urban and rural. Data Collection used was a questionnaire.The questionnaire used has been tested for validity and reliability. Data Analysis: Frequency distribution is used in univariate to analysis subjects' demography, knowledge, and attitudes. Chi square test to analysis determine the correlation between consumer knowledge and attitudes about information on food labels. Results: 45.5% of consumers have less knowledge. Depending on live area, 33.5% in rural and 27.5% of urban have less knowledge. Attitudes about information on food labels for packaged foods of consumers 36% have enough attitude. Depending on live area, 54% in rural and 53% of urban have enough attitude. Chi square test there is acorelation between knowledge and attitude about information on food labels for packaged foods p = 0.00 <0.05. Conclusion: There is acorelation between knowledge and attitude about information on food labels for packaged foods.

ANALISIS FUNGSI PRODUKSI COBB-DOUGLAS PADA USAHATANI SAYUR KUBIS (Brassica Oleracea Var. Capitata L.) DI DESA NETPALA KECAMATAN MOLLO UTARA KABUPATEN TIMOR TENGAH SELATAN

This study aimed to find out the; 1) Conditions of return to scale cabbage vegetable farming, 2) The farmers’ income earning by selling cabbage in Netpala village, Mollo Utara sub- district of Timor Tengah Selatan regency. Netpala village was chosen as the location of the study using purposive sampling technique. Data collection was conducted in August 2019 and data was statisticaly descriptive analysis. The measured variable were the condition of retr’n to scale cabbage vegetable farming, and the amount of cabbage vegetable farming income (Rp).
 The results showed that 1) Cabbage vegetable farming in Netpala Village when viewed from the scale of results was in a condition of decreasing Return to Scale α + β <1 means that the proportion of the addition of production factors will produce additional production with a smaller proportion. The analysis shows that the parameters b + c + d + e = 0.960 are smaller than 1. This means that the proportion of the addition of production factors (inputs) in this case X1 (land area), X2 (seeds), X3 (fertilizer), X4 (power work) proportionally by 1% will result in an increase in Y (cabbage production) by 0.960%. 2) Cabbage vegetable farmers’ income in study site was Rp. 637,649,582 with the average income earned by the respondent amounting to Rp.12,031,124.

Implementasi PPDB Zonasi dalam Perspektif Teori Perubahan Kurt Lewin

New Student Admission Process (PPDB) Zonasi is an important stage for students and school institutions, and becomes an activity that must be carried out in schools, because this activity is the first step in a flow within the school. However, a situation and problems occurred in the Zoning New Student Admission (PPDB) in schools related to the Kurt Lewin Change Model, so that from the problem the researcher intended to conduct research on the implementation of Zoning PPDB according to the perspective of Kurt Lewin's Theory of Change which was seen through 3 stages of change, namely unfreeze, moving and r efreeze. This type of research uses a qualitative approach where this research was carried out in the district of Timor Tengah Selatan in 2022, the data was obtained from the principal, teachers and administrative staff at SMA Negeri 1 Soe, the data was collected through interview, observation and documentation techniques, the data was then analyzed descriptively, The results were then analyzed in a descriptive way to explain the problem of the topic under study. The results of the study show (1) the situation of PPDB Zoning in SMA Negeri 1 Soe (2) PPDB Zoning problems in schools (3) The stage of change according to Kurt Lewin with 3 stages, namely unfreeze , refreezing , c hange that occur during PPDB implementation Zoning (4) The solution will be PPDB Zoning. and (5) Limitations of the Theory of Change according to Kurt Lewin.

ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH MELALUI ANALISIS RASIO KEUANGAN PADA BADAN PENGELOLA KEUANGAN DAN ASET DAERAH KABUPATEN TIMOR TENGAH SELATAN

This research was conducted at the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency of South Central Timor Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the financial performance of the Regional Government of Timor Tengah Selatan Regency for the 2015-2020 period based on the Regional Financial Independence Ratio, Effectiveness Ratio of Regional Original Revenue, Efficiency Ratio of Regional Original Income and Regional Expenditure Activity Ratio. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method with secondary data in the form of time series data on Financial Statements. The results of the study using the Regional Financial Independence Ratio showed that Regional Financial Independence obtained a very low criterion classification because it was in the interval below 25% and tended to decrease from year to year, the PAD Effectiveness Ratio showed the PAD Effectiveness obtained a very effective criteria classification because it was in the interfal in above 100% and tends to increase from year to year, the PAD Efficiency Ratio shows PAD Efficiency obtains a very efficient criteria classification because it is at an interval below 60% and tends to decrease from year to year and the Regional Expenditure Activity Ratio shows that Regional Expenditure Activities are prioritized on routine expenditures rather than capital expenditures and routine expenditures tend to decrease from year to year while capital expenditures tend to increase from year to year.

Adding Several Types of Insect Flour to Increase the Virulence of Metarhizium anisopliae Local Isolates against Pests Cylas formicarius

The productivity of sweet potato in Timor Tengah Selatan (TTS) Regency is still far below the national productivity. The limiting factor is the attack of the pest Cylas formicarius both in planting and in storage. The aimed of this study was to examine the virulence of local isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae fungus cultured on growth media containing chitin. The study was conducted at the Plant Protection Laboratory from May-December 2021. The experiment was arranged using a Completely Randomized Design with five replications. The treatments were the type and concentration of chitin derived from three types of insects and arranged as follows: T0, control without chitin; T1, chitin from Gryllus assimilis 0.5%; T2, chitin from Gryllus assimilis 1%; T3, chitin from Locusta migratoria 0.5%; T4, chitin from Locusta migratoria 1%; T5, chitin from Oryctes rhinoceros 0.5%; and T6, chitin from Oryctes rhinoceros 1%. The results of this study showed that the addition of a chitin source to PDA growing media was able to increase conidia production, viability, and conidia virulence of M. anisopliae. Chitin also affects the virulence of M. anisopliae in C. formicarius which can increase the mortality percentage from 68% to 187%. Chitin in the form of flour derived from the insect O. rhinoceros with a concentration of 0.5% was an appropriate concentration to increase the viability and virulence of the M. anisopliae, besides that its protein content of 42.43% was high enough to support the production of quality entomopathogenic fungus.

THE MOST EFFECTIVE ENGLISH TEACHING METHODS IN RURAL SCHOOLS

Effective teaching methods in many contexts are still a concern when it comes to teaching English as a foreign language in Indonesia. It relates to a lack of English proficiency. Even after six years of formal language learning, students can still not acquire productive English abilities such as speaking and writing. This study's main objective is to find the English teachers' perspectives concerning the most effective teaching methods in rural schools throughout four districts, Malaka, Kupang, Timor Tengah Utara, and Timor Tengah Selatan. The mixed-method was administered through a questionnaire, data collected from 26 English teachers at Senior High School who met the criteria. In addition, eight respondents were interviewed to learn how to apply effective methods. The most effective methods of teaching English in rural areas include Suggestopedia, Audio-Lingual Method, Communicative Language Teaching, and Task-Based Language Teaching.

Pernanan pajak restoran terhadap pendapatan asli daerah pada Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan

This study aims to determine how big the contribution of restaurant taxes and the effectiveness of restaurant tax revenues in Timor Tengah Selatan Regency to Regional Original Income from 2017 to 2020. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative by describing the data in sentence form according to the occurred in Timor Tengah Selatan Regency in the form of restaurant tax. The source of the data used is secondary data in the form of a report document on the realization of restaurant tax revenues and PAD. As a result, the contribution of restaurant tax to PAD still fluctuates every year with a tendency to fall. While the level of effectiveness of the restaurant tax every year can be said to be very effective, even though in 2020 the effectiveness value decreased drastically.

Lymphatic Filariasis Control: School-based One Health Initiative on The Usage of Local Plants as Alternative Mosquito Repellants in Timor Tengah Selatan, Nusa Tenggara Timur

Lymphatic filariasis is a mosquito-borne disease that poses a serious public health concern. The disease has spread to 28 Indonesian provinces, with NTT province being one of the 10 provinces with the highest incidence. Aside from being a major supporter of the annual mass drug administration program, the mosquito control initiative is also critical to the disease's eradication. However, today's mosquito control approaches depend primarily on synthetic moieties, which, unfortunately, have resulted in environmental problems and also resistance in important mosquito species. Consequently, developing alternative mosquito control strategies based on herbal components that are environmentally friendly, safe, and long-lasting is necessary. This one-health program aims to educate and raise public awareness of the importance of mosquito control and to inspire the community to utilize local plants as alternative mosquito repellents. This program is targeted high school students from the Timor Tengah Selatan regency. This regency is one of the NTT regencies with the highest risk of lymphatic filariasis. The approach method employed in this program was a series of presentations, discussions, and a demonstration of lymphatic filariasis and the selection of local plants that can be used as herbal repellents. Based on discussions with the students, it was discovered that after engaging in this activity, the participants had learned and recognized the dual function of various indigenous plants in their area as effective and cost-effective mosquito repellents. Furthermore, the students became more excited to learn and develop knowledge about the function of other local plants as efficient mosquito repellents.

Analisis Indeks Kekeringan Menggunakan Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) Method pada Daerah Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan

Due to the low rainfall, it is relatively uneven in each sub-district in Timor Tengah Selatan (TTS) Regency. It causes some rivers to be drought-prone in the dry season. This study aims to determine the largest drought index and map the drought distribution in the South Central Timor (TTS) Regency. The drought index analysis uses the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) Method. The data used is monthly rainfall data for ten years (2009-2018) of ten rain stations. Then, mapping of drought distribution rainfall using ArcGIS Software. The results of the drought index analysis showed that in the 1-month deficit period, the largest drought index was -3.61, which occurred in March 2014 at the Oeekam Rain Station. In the 3-month deficit period, the largest drought index was -3.19, which occurred in March 2010 at the Nulle Rain Station and in November 2015 at the Kesetnana Rain Station. The findings of the drought distribution map study suggest that during the 1-month shortfall period, all sub-districts experienced drought in January, February, and April. Meanwhile, in the 3-month deficit period, drought occurs evenly for all sub-districts only in June.

Women's Responsibilities in Choosing Injectable Family Planning in Timor Tengah Selatan District

Background: Injectable contraception is the most popular contraceptive method in Indonesia with a user percentage of 63.71% of the coverage of modern family planning users. In addition to the benefits and practicality of its use, this method also has various negative impacts that can endanger the health of the acceptor. This study aims to explore and describe the acceptor's response to the negative impacts experienced as a form of responsibility for the health of the acceptor. Subjects and Method: This study was conducted using descriptive qualitative method with triagulation analysis technique that connects empirical facts. The dependent variable is injectable family planning. The independent variables are responsibility, patriarchal culture, and decision making. The study was conducted on 18 informants who are injection family planning acceptors in Timor Tengah Selatan Regency. Results: The informants do not mind experiencing the negative impacts of using injectable contraceptives and prioritize the benefits and practicality of their use. The low level of education of informants is a problem in receiving and digging information. Limited access to information is also hindered by the lack of infrastructure to reach health facilities. The high pressure of patriarchal culture is one of the decision-making factors and the high number of injecting family planning users. Conclusion: The acceptor's lack of information regarding the contraceptive method used is a barrier in responding to the negative impacts experienced.

Growth and yield of maize in t’sen, a local wisdom of planting in one planting hole, typical cropping pattern of West Timor's

Abstract. Dimu-Heo YH, Indradewa D, Putra ETS, Purwanto BH. 2022. Growth and yield of maize in t’sen, a local wisdom of planting in one planting hole, typical cropping pattern of West Timor's. Biodiversitas 23: 2502-2511. West Timor farmers have a strategy to anticipate the short rainy season and relatively low rainfall, namely planting maize, cowpeas, and pumpkin together in one planting hole, known as the local wisdom t’sen cropping pattern or t’sen. This study aims to study the growth and yield of maize and obtain maize varieties that are adaptive to the t’sen. The research was conducted at the experimental garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), Yogyakarta, from April to August 2019. The study was arranged using a split-plot design with three replications. The t’sen as the main plot consisted of: monoculture maize, maize + cowpea, maize + pumpkin, maize + cowpea + pumpkin, while the varieties as sub-plots consisted of local varieties of maize from Kupang, Timor Tengah Selatan (TTS), Timor Tengah Utara (TTU), Malaka, and superior varieties Lamuru, and Pioneer p35. The results showed that all maize varieties experienced decreased growth and production in the t’sen compared to monoculture. The lowest decrease in growth and yield occurred in one planting hole of maize + cowpea, followed by maize + cowpea + pumpkin, and the highest was maize + pumpkin. The TTS and Kupang varieties have the highest average growth and production, which shows their resistance to competition and stress in t’sen.

Comparison Between Head Village and Midwife as Health Educator of Maternal and Child Health (MCH) in Increasing Husband’s Knowledge of MCH in the Village

Background: Partnership with local head villages to deliver maternal and child health (MCH) education is considered necessary, as the availability of health professional is limited in rural remote area. While the head villages could be viewed as credible, they have rarely been involved as a health communicator in their villages.
 Objective: This study aimed to analyze the difference of the knowledge level of the heads of family (husband) after attending MCH education delivered by the head village and midwife.
 Methods: The research method applied was quasi experiment with non-equivalent control design conducted in two remote villages in Timor Tengah Selatan District. The population was all heads of the family (husband) living in two selected villages, with a total of 920. The sample of 60 men was selected purposively. The experiment and control group consisted of 25 and 35 men, respectively. Data were analyzed using t-test dependent and t-test independent.
 Results: The result showed that 1. Both MCH education delivered by the head village and midwife increased the level of knowledge of husband with the value of (ρ) 0,00 <(ɑ) 0,05; 2. The head village and midwife were equally effective as communicators in increasing the knowledge level of husbands about MCH with the value of (ρ) 0,245 >ɑ (0,05).
 Conclusion: Both the village head and the midwife can be educators in increasing the knowledge of MCH among husbands. Thus, the village head could also be empowered as an alternative MCH communicator.

The inventory of local wisdom: Amanuban-Dawanese medicinal plant in Timor Tengah Selatan District

One of the preserved local wisdom of Dawanese (Amanuban) Timor Tengah Selatan District is using plants as traditional medicine. The Dawanese (Amanuban) knowledge of using herbal plants is inherited spontaneously based on the experience and skill of the ancestors. The knowledge is inherited orally and limited to family members and siblings. This research aims to invent species of plants, the plant parts, and their functions used by Dawanese (Amanuban) as traditional medicine. This research is descriptive qualitative research with observation and structured interviews as the instruments. The informants were chosen based on Purposive Sampling using Snowball Sampling. There are 40 informants in this research. The data in this research were analysed using the descriptive qualitative analysis technique and were tabulated in tables. Based on the research result, there are 103 species of plants used by Dawanese (Amanuban) as traditional medicine. Of the 103 kinds of plants used to treat 23 groups of diseases. The way to mix the traditional medicine by Dawanese (Amanuban) varies depending on the species of plants, the parts of plant used, and the species of disease cured. The general way used by Dawanese (Amanuban) is by boiling. The novelty of this research is the disclosure of local wisdom in the use of plants owned by the Dawanese (Amanuban) people. The results of this study are expected to support the preservation of biological and cultural resources. Therefore, it is necessary to identify further the Kulit Pahit (Melicope) plants that have not been identified to the species level.

The Effectiveness of Snakes and Ladders Game on Mother's Activeness in Participating of Pregnant Women's Classes in South Amanatun District, Timor Tengah Selatan

Pregnant Women Class was a means learning together about health for pregnant women in the form of face-to-face in groups, which aims to increase the knowledge and skills of mothers regarding pregnancy, prenatal care, childbirth, postpartum care, newborn care, myths, comorbidities. The lack of learning media in pregnant women's classes can have an impact on the activeness of mothers taking classes for pregnant women. Based on the initial study conducted by the researcher, there was a gap between expectations and reality, namely that the activeness of mothers could reach (100%) but in reality, it only reached (50%), because the delivery media in the pregnant women class only used leaflets, flip sheets and KIA books as well as the delivery method in the mother class.

HUBUNGAN FAKTOR KETERCUKUPAN AIR BERSIH DAN TINGKAT SOSIAL EKONOMI DENGAN KEPEMILIKAN JAMBAN SEHAT DI DESA ABI KECAMATAN OENINO KABUPATEN TIMOR TENGAH SELATAN.

Abi is one of the villages with the lowest percentage of healthy latrines ownership compared to other in Oenino Subdistrict.There are 46 household (18,5%) that have access to healthy latrines in Abi village. The purpose of this study was to analyze what factors influence the ownership of healthy latrines in Abi Village Oenino District of Timor Tengah Selatan. This study is an observational study using a cross sectional design, as more as 78 respondents taken with simple random sampling techniques. Independent variables studied (knowledge, attitudes, socioeconomic level, clean water adequacy, role of village governments, and the role of health officers) and dependent variables (healthy latrines ownership). The collected data would be analyzed chi-square test. The results showed that 51,3% low public knowledge, 51,3% had a negative public attitude,69,2% low socio-economic level of society, 56,4% of clean water need were not fulfilled, 39,7 did not receive support from the village government, 53,8% did not receive support from health workers. There is a relationship between knowledge and the ownership of healthy latrines (p =0.007), attitude (p=0.002), sosioeconomic level (p=0.002), the adequacy of clean water (p=0.000), the Role of Village Government, (p=0.026), The Role of Health officers (p=0.011). The low ownership of healthy latrines in Abi village is influenced by factors of low socioeconomic level and adequacy of water needs because clean water sources are far away and limited clean water reservoirs.

Water Pollution Study and its Control Strategies in the Boentuka Sub-watershed, South Timor Regency, Timur Nusa Tenggara Province

A Watershed is a land area that is an integral part of the river and its tributaries, which functions to accommodate, store and drain water from rainfall to lakes or to the sea naturally, whose boundaries on land are topographical separators. And boundaries at sea up to water areas that are still affected by land activities. This study aims as follows: 1) To assess the current water quality in the Boentuka Sub-watershed, Timor Tengah Selatan Regency, 2) Identify the factors causing water pollution entering the Boentuka Sub-watershed, 3) Formulate Strategic Recommendations on Water Pollution Control to the District Government South Central Timor in water quality management and efforts to control water pollution in the Boentuka Sub-watershed. This research method is descriptive with a laboratory-based quantitative approach to describe the condition of river water quality status in the Boentuka Sub-watershed area and the pollution load originating from residential and agricultural activities of local residents. d. The results of the SWOT analysis state that the strategic recommendations that need to be made to control the level of water pollution in the Boentuka Sub-watershed area are (a) the need for a technical study on the determination of river water classes and the carrying capacity of river water pollution loads as the basis for river pollution control policies; and (b) Increasing the frequency of supervision and monitoring activities by the relevant agencies on settlement activities, agriculture and or other activities that contribute to increasing river water pollution.

Pendampingan Gizi Spesifik dan Perilaku Ibu dalam Pola Asuh Anak Stunting Usia 6-24 Bulan

Background: From pregnancy, until the child is two years old, it is a prone period for stunting due to inadequate nutritional care at the family level. Mothers' ability in parenting and child health will affect their nutritional status and health, especially mothers who have stunted children. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of specific nutrition assistance (SNA) through empowering cadres to change the behavior (knowledge, attitudes, practices) of mothers who have stunted children aged 6-24 months.Method: The research used a quasi-experiment with pre-post design with a control group. The research was conducted in Bengkulu Utara (BU) District and Timur Tengah Selatan (TTS) District. The intervention group received SNA for six months (June-November 2019) by Posyandu cadres and health workers. The control group received standard services from the Health Center or the Posyandu. Whilst, the intervention group received nutrition and health counseling during home visits. Mothers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices in parenting and child health nutrition were measured as dependent variables. Sample of 120 mothers with stunted children aged 6-24 months. Data analysis used independent t-test and dependent t-test.Results: The SNA was effective in increasing the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of mothers. The increased knowledge, attitudes, and practices were higher in the intervention group both in BU District (116%) and TTS District (26.33%). In BU District, there was an increase in knowledge (116%), attitude (40%), and practices (20.07%), likewise in TTS District; there was an increase in knowledge (26.33%), attitudes (42.5%), and practices (22.15%) which are significantly different from the increase in the practices of the control group. SNA needs to be carried out continuously to increase mothers' ability in parenting and child health. Therefore, that stunted children can catch up with their height growth.