Void Time Research Articles

Reconstruction of the rectovaginal septum with a W-mesh for rectocele

Aim: to assess of late results of original method of rectocele repair with non-absorbable polypropylene W-form mesh. Patients and methods: the pilot study included 37 patients which underwent surgery for rectocele repair using original technique of W-mesh. The late results were assessed in 21 (56.6 %) of them ≥ 6 month after surgery. Before the surgery and 6 months after, patients underwent a clinical assessment of symptoms. Specialized questionnaires for assessment of constipation (Colonic evacuation disorder scale, PFDI-20, Cleveland Clinic Constipation Score) were used. Defecography and anorectal manometry were performed before and in 6-months after surgery for evaluation of pelvic floor disorders. Results: no obstructive defecation symptoms were revealed in 85.7% of patients 6 month after surgery.In ≥ 6 months after surgery all questionnaires showed decrease in scores by more than 2 times. Comparison of the results before and 6 months after the surgery showed significant differences for all questionnaires (p < 0.0001). According to defecography performed before and after the surgery a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of rectocele depth, time of rectal voiding (decreased by 1.5 times) and residual volume of contrast agent (decreased by 2.5 times) were revealed. There are no severe complications requiring re-operation were observed. Conclusion: transvaginal mesh repair of symptomatic rectocele demonstrated good clinical results 6 months after surgery. Good results were revealed in 85,7 % of patients confirmed by specialized questionnaires and defecography.

Evaluation of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms suggestive of Benign Enlargement of the Prostate by Uroflowmetry and American Urological Association Symptom Score

Background: Uroflowmetry study is a non-invasive, simple, and inexpensive preliminary the diagnostic tool of various lower urinary tract diseases like benign prostatic hyperplasia, stricture the urethra, neurogenic bladder, etc. American Urological Association Symptom Score is the single a most important tool used in the evaluation of patients with Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and is recommended for all patients before initiation of therapy. Objectives: To evaluate lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of Benign Enlargement of Prostate by Uroflowmetry study, measuring American Urological Symptom Score, Quality of life, and to find out correlation among Uroflowmetry parameters, age. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study to evaluate 13 patients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign enlargement of the prostate by performing a Uroflowmetry test. We also measured the level of symptoms by American Urological Association Symptom Score and quality of life of age group 48 to 71 years. Selected patients have gone under Uroflowmetry study recorded American Urological Association Symptom Score and quality of life by few questionnaires. Results: The mean age of the patients was 58.92+/-6.93 SD year. The mean maximum flow rate and average flow rate were found to be 16.44 and 6.99 ml/sec respectively. Voiding time and voided volume of urine was 74.53+/-44.94 SD sec, and 412.38+/- 255.66 SD ml respectively. The maximum flow rate and age were negatively correlated(R=-0.551). Time of maximum flow rate and amount of voided urine was strong positively correlated(R=0.8717, p<0.05). Voiding time and voided volume were positively correlated (p<0.05).Regarding American Urological Association Symptom Score, 53.85% of patients had severe symptoms. The mean American Urological Association Symptom Score of severe and moderate symptomatic patients were 25.14+/-3.48 SD, and 14.67+/-3.77 SD respectively. For patients of Uroflowmetry studied, 76.92% had prolonged voiding time, and 23% had normal voiding time in comparison with a normal nomogram.14 Conclusions: The uroflowmetry test and American Urological Association Symptom Score are helpful for preliminary evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign enlargement of the prostate and for further treatment. Prolong voiding time and decrease maximum flow rate can give clues for outflow obstruction for benign enlargement of the prostate. KYAMC Journal Vol. 13, No. 01, April 2022: 45-49

Treatment with the soluble guanylate cyclase activator BAY 60–2770 normalizes bladder function in an in vivo rat model of chronic prostatitis

Background and purposeChronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) is a common and bothersome condition for which no pharmacological treatment options with acceptable efficacy exist. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) activator BAY 60–2770 and the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib on bladder function in a rat model of CPPS. Experimental approachForty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were intraprostatically injected with either saline, serving as control, or zymosan, to induce prostatitis. On days 8–20, the rats were treated with either dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO; vehicle), celecoxib, BAY 60–2770 or a combination of celecoxib and BAY 60–2770. Thereafter, micturition parameters were assessed in a metabolic cage and urine samples were collected. The following day, cystometry was performed. Subsequently, the urinary bladder and prostate were removed and examined histopathologically. Key resultsInduction of prostatitis led to a significant increase of micturition frequency and corresponding decrease of volume per micturition. These alterations were ameliorated by celecoxib, and completely normalized by BAY 60–2770. Induction of prostatitis led to a significantly increased number of non-voiding contractions, decreased bladder compliance and increased voiding time. These parameters were normalized by treatment with BAY 60–2770, either alone or in combination with celecoxib. The immunohistochemical analysis showed signs of prostate inflammation, but not bladder inflammation. Conclusion and implicationsInduction of prostatitis led to significant impairment in bladder function. These alterations could be prevented by BAY 60–2770, alone or in combination with celecoxib. This is the first study to show that sGC activators could be a promising option for the treatment of CPPS.

Post catheterization urine analysis in lower?segment caesarean section patients

To assess the effect of duration of catherization on urine analysis and on first voiding time after removal of catheter in postoperative period after caesarean section.Patients who have undergone caesarean section from June 2020 to June 2021. The catheter was in-situ post operatively. Urine sample from each patient was analyzed for routine microscopy before catheterization as well as after removal of catheter. Midstream clean catch urine was collected in sterile container and sent for urine routine analysis. As per duration of catheter in situ we divided the patients in four groupsPatients with catheter in situ- up to 24 hours, 24 to 48 hours, 48 to 72 hours, > 72 hours.Factors like urgency, frequency, dysuria and time required to void first time after removal of catheter were taken into consideration. > 4 pus cells in microscopy were taken as UTI.Urinary urgency and frequency were 91% in patient with catheter in situ for >24 hours. Out of 50 with duration of 1 to 3 hours catheter in situ, 48 had moderate dysuria, 10 with duration > 3 hours catheter in situ had dysuria in post- operatively. Of 35 with > 2 days of catheter in situ, 31 had UTI in postoperatively. Time taken to void the bladder initially was increased after removal of catheter in postoperatively.We have concluded that use of catheter for >24 hours is associated with increased incidence of urinary infection and more discomfort at first voiding.

MP18-16 VOIDING TIME AS A PROXY FOR URINARY OBSTRUCTION IN MEN WITH LOWER URINARY TRACT SYMPTOMS

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 May 2022MP18-16 VOIDING TIME AS A PROXY FOR URINARY OBSTRUCTION IN MEN WITH LOWER URINARY TRACT SYMPTOMS Gaurav Pahouja, Parth Patel, Enrique Blanco Martinez, and Kevin T. McVary Gaurav PahoujaGaurav Pahouja More articles by this author , Parth PatelParth Patel More articles by this author , Enrique Blanco MartinezEnrique Blanco Martinez More articles by this author , and Kevin T. McVaryKevin T. McVary More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000002551.16AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate voiding time (VT) in asymptomatic and symptomatic men, and compare VT to other uroflowmetric parameters such as maximum flow rates (Qmax) as a possible solution to disparity related lack of access to more standard urodynamic testing in LUTS patients. METHODS: We conducted a controlled prospective study on a total of 30 patients. Adults age ≥18 were included. Exclusion criteria were those with ongoing medical therapy for LUTS or a history of invasive therapy for LUTS. Patients completed the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire, uroflowmetry, and post-void residual (PVR) testing. Symptomatic LUTS was defined as an IPSS ≥8. RESULTS: On univariate analysis, men with a symptomatic LUTS had a significantly longer VT than asymptomatic men (30.60 seconds (Interquartile rage [IQR] 24.2-42.4) vs 20.50 seconds (IQR 16.6-40.5), p=0.043). When controlling for all other factors, VT was not otherwise associated with age, race, or BMI. There was no significant difference in Qmax between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients (13.40 seconds (IQR 8.7-19.9) vs 20.5 seconds (IQR 11.7-31.8), p-0.07). No differences were found based on PVR (p=0.51). Our study also demonstrated that the sensitivity of a VT ≥23.5 seconds, or probability of observing a VT exceeding 23.5 seconds when the patient has a symptomatic IPSS, is 85%. On sensitivity and specificity analysis, there was no difference between the abilities of Qmax and VT to predict that a patient would have symptomatic LUTS (p=0.80). CONCLUSIONS: We found that VT was as accurate as Qmax in predicting symptomatic IPSS scores. This novel finding can improve the ability to diagnose and treat LUTS, especially in primary care offices and underserved areas. Source of Funding: None © 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 207Issue Supplement 5May 2022Page: e302 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Gaurav Pahouja More articles by this author Parth Patel More articles by this author Enrique Blanco Martinez More articles by this author Kevin T. McVary More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...

Pengaruh Mobilisasi Dini terhadap Berkemih Spontan Pasca Bedah Sesar dengan Anestesi Spinal di Rumah Sakit TK. IV IM 07.01 Lhokseumawe

Cesarean section requires anesthetic efforts to relieve pain in the patient. The type of anesthesia commonly used is spinal anesthesia. Urinary retention is one of the side effect on using spinal anesthetic drugs caused by blockade of spinal cord conduction as high as the S2-S4 segment which innervates the urinary bladder which can lead to UTI. One of the actions that can accelerate spontaneous voiding is early mobilization step by step after cesarean section. This study aims to determine the effect of early mobilization on spontaneous voiding after cesarean section with spinal anesthesia at Level IV IM 07.01 Hospital Lhokseumawe. Method that used in this research is quasi-experimental design with one-group posttest-only design, a population of 53 mothers after cesarean section with spinal anesthesia at Level IV IM 07.01 Hospital Lhokseumawe in October - November 2021. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate with Fisher Exact Test with 95% confidence level, = 5%. The result showed there was an effect of early mobilization on spontaneous voiding after cesarean section with spinal anesthesia at Level IV IM 07.01 Hospital Lhokseumawe with p value = 0.037 and OR = 6.346 (95% CI = 1.091-36.921). The conclusion of the study that there is an effect of early mobilization on spontaneous voiding after cesarean section with spinal anesthesia at Level IV IM 07.01 Hospital Lhokseumawe in 2021 and early mobilization had an effect 6 times on the initial time of voiding.

Pengaruh Mobilisasi Dini terhadap Berkemih Spontan Pasca Bedah Sesar dengan Anestesi Spinal di Rumah Sakit TK. IV IM 07.01 Lhokseumawe

Cesarean section requires anesthetic efforts to relieve pain in the patient. The type of anesthesia commonly used is spinal anesthesia. Urinary retention is one of the side effect on using spinal anesthetic drugs caused by blockade of spinal cord conduction as high as the S2-S4 segment which innervates the urinary bladder which can lead to UTI. One of the actions that can accelerate spontaneous voiding is early mobilization step by step after cesarean section. This study aims to determine the effect of early mobilization on spontaneous voiding after cesarean section with spinal anesthesia at Level IV IM 07.01 Hospital Lhokseumawe. Method that used in this research is quasi-experimental design with one-group posttest-only design, a population of 53 mothers after cesarean section with spinal anesthesia at Level IV IM 07.01 Hospital Lhokseumawe in October - November 2021. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate with Fisher Exact Test with 95% confidence level, = 5%. The result showed there was an effect of early mobilization on spontaneous voiding after cesarean section with spinal anesthesia at Level IV IM 07.01 Hospital Lhokseumawe with p value = 0.037 and OR = 6.346 (95% CI = 1.091-36.921). The conclusion of the study that there is an effect of early mobilization on spontaneous voiding after cesarean section with spinal anesthesia at Level IV IM 07.01 Hospital Lhokseumawe in 2021 and early mobilization had an effect 6 times on the initial time of voiding.

Comparison between use of fentanyl and rocuronium on outpatient undergoing ultra-short duration gynecologic surgery: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial

Background: There has been a steady increase in outpatient-based ultra-short duration gynecology surgeries. However, there are no detailed studies on anesthesia regimens for these surgeries. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of low-dose rocuronium and fentanyl single bolus for their suitability with these patients. Methods: A total of 60 patients were randomly divided into three groups: a control group (group C, n = 20) that received 3 mL of normal saline; a fentanyl group (group F, n = 19) that received 1 mcg/kg of fentanyl; and a low-dose rocuronium group (group R, n = 20) that received 0.3 mg/kg of rocuronium. We collected hemodynamic data during anesthetic induction and the intraoperative period. We also investigated supraglottic airway (SGA) insertion condition, patient’s gross movements, and surgeon’s satisfaction. In addition, we evaluated the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, pruritus, first voiding time and discharge time from the postanesthetic care unit. Results: Systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure were significantly lower in group F after SGA insertion (p = 0.031, p = 0.046 and p = 0.048). SGA insertion conditions scores were significantly worse in group C than in group F and group R for total score (p < 0.001). Also, the number of patient movements during surgery and the number of rescue fentanyl injections were significantly higher in group C than group F and group R (p = 0.005 and p < 0.001). Conclusion: Fentanyl administration at 1 mcg/kg has advantages compared with rocuronium and is a more suitable single agent regimen for outpatient-based ultra-short duration gynecology surgeries.

Non-invasive diagnosis of under active bladder: A pilot study.

We assessed the efficacy of voiding efficiency (VE) to distinguish between underactive bladder (UB) and bladder outlet obstruction (BO) without using pressure flow studies (PFS). in male patients, uroflowmetry and post-void residual (PVR) urine data and subsequent pressure flow studies (PFS) data were examined retrospectively. Bladder outlet obstruction index (BOI) and bladder contractility index (BCI) were calculated from patients' PFS values. Patients with BCI < 100 and BOI < 40 were grouped as UB group and patients with BCI > 100 and BOI > 40 were grouped as BOO group. VE was computed as a percentage of volume voided compared to the pre-void bladder volume. In total we examined 93 patients, 44 in UB and 49 in BO group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in relation to Qmax value (p = 0.38). However, total voiding time, time to reach the maximum urinary flow rate and voided volume showed statistically significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.001). Average VE was 63.6 + 2.43% and 46.2 + 2.63%) for UB and BO groups respectively and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). UB can be diagnosed with at least 95% sensitivity and 88% specificity in men over age 80. Non-invasive uroflowmetry and VE measurements were able to differentiate between UB and BOO patients, presenting with identical clinic features, but different findings of PFS.

A Prospective Comparative Study of Mobile Acoustic Uroflowmetry and Conventional Uroflowmetry.

PurposeThe aim of this study was to assess the performance of a mobile acoustic Uroflowmetry (UFM) application compared with standard UFM in the pediatric population.MethodsA mobile acoustic UFM application represents a noninvasive method to estimate the urine flow rate by recording voiding sounds with a smartphone. Male pediatric patients who were undergoing UFM testing were prospectively recruited, and the voiding sounds were recorded and analyzed. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to compare the maximum flow rate (Qmax), average flow rate (Qavg), voiding time (VT), and voiding volume (VV) as estimated by acoustic UFM with those calculated by standard UFM. Differences in Qmax, Qavg, VT, and VV between the 2 UFM tests were determined using 95% Bland-Altman limits of agreement.ResultsA total of 16 male patients were evaluated. Their median age was 9 years. With standard UFM, the median Qmax, Qavg, VT, and VV were 18.7 mL/sec, 11.1 mL/sec, 15.2 seconds, and 157.8 mL, respectively. Strong correlations were observed between the 2 methods for Qmax (ICC=0.755, P=0.005), VT (ICC=0.974, P<0.001), and VV (ICC=0.930, P<0.001), but not for Qavg (ICC=0.442, P=0.135). The Bland-Altman plot showed good agreement between the 2 UFM tests. Flow patterns recorded by acoustic UFM and conventional UFM showed good visual correlations.ConclusionsAcoustic UFM was comparable to standard UFM for male pediatric patients. Further validation of its performance in different toilet settings is necessary for broader use.

Column length is a structure-independent measure of solvent consumption in liquid chromatography

Column length (L) is a measure of solvent consumption in LC analysis. In its latter role, L is the specific solvent consumption – the void time (tM) solvent consumption per unit of the column flow-area (AF) which is the cross-sectional area of the column open space (external and internal pores). In tanal-long LC analysis (isocratic or gradient), the solvent consumption (VS) is VS = AFLtanal /tM regardless of flow rate (F) as long as all changes in column dimensions and operational parameters are translatable (in gradient analysis, the ratio of the gradient time (tG) to tM remains fixed).

Comparative Outcome of Short Term Versus Long Term Catheterization after Vaginal Hysterectomy

Background: Urinary catheterization after vaginal hysterectomy is commonly performed to evaluate urine output and to avoid urinary retention. The aim of this study was to determine the advantages of short term catheterization in comparison to long term catheterization after vaginal hysterectomy due to uterovaginal prolapse.&#x0D; Materials and methods: This randomized clinical study was conducted for 1 year (July 2014- July 2015) in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH) on 100 women with 20 utero vaginal prolapse underwent vaginal hysterectomy. After selection and randomization women who had under gone vaginal hysterectomy were grouped two. Urinary catheter was removed after 24 hours in group A and after 72 hours in group B. Observations were recorded and statistical analysis performed.&#x0D; Results: Study showed that duration of catheter did not affect the duration of first voiding time after removal of catheter (RR=.934). 6% of women in group A and 2% women in group B had residual volume of urine &gt;200 ml but residual volume of urine was significantly higher in group B (RR=0.714). Re-catheterization needed 6% patients in group A and 2% in group B (RR= 3.000). Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) was significantly higher 14% versus 2% in group B than group A (RR= 0.143). Mean duration of hospital stay after operation was 2.58 days in group A and 4.16 days in group B (RR= 0.480).&#x0D; Conclusion: Short term catheterization is more beneficial than long term catheterization. Because it results in low incidence of urinary tract infection, less patient discomfort and reduces the mean hospital stay.&#x0D; JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (1) : 83-88

Optimal heating rate in constant pressure and constant flow gas chromatography

Optimal heating rate is the one resulting in the shortest analysis time for achieving a required separation performance of a column. The previously recommended default heating rate (RT,Def ) was optimal for temperature-programmed gas chromatography analyses in constant pressure mode. It has been shown herein that the same recommendation can be extended to constant flow mode with fixed heating rate (RT ). The numerical value of RT,Def has been herein rescaled from previous (10°C per void time) where tM was measured at 50°C, to with tM measured at 150°C-a round number in the middle of the gas chromatography temperature range, chosen as a reference temperature for numerical values of all temperature-dependent gas chromatography parameters. It has been experimentally found based on theory developed herein that is optimal for columns with ( is dimensionless film thickness, d and df are the column internal diameter and film thickness, respectively) in constant pressure mode and constant flow mode with fixed RT . Theory shows that, for arbitrary φ, . The theory also shows that the fixed RT is optimal for constant pressure mode. In constant flow mode, however, the optimal RT should gradually increase with increasing temperature (T). The optimal theoretical curves RT (T), different for different flow rates, were found. However, only the optimization of the fixed RT was experimentally evaluated due to limited capability of existing gas chromatography instrumentation and resources. It has been shown that the separation-time tradeoff in constant pressure mode is slightly better than that in constant flow mode. The experimental data are compiled in the Supporting information.

Clinical validation of an audio-based uroflowmetry application in adult males.

Uroflowmetry is a common test to evaluate lower urinary tract symptoms. Audio-based uroflowmetry is a novel, alternative approach that determines urine flow by measuring sound. Available as a smartphone application, it has potential for screening and monitoring common urological pathologies, particularly in out-of-office environments. This study is the first to evaluate audio-based uroflowmetry in a clinical setting against the gold standard. Adult male patients (n=44) attending a general urology clinic were recruited. Audio-based uroflowmetry and conventional uroflowmetry were performed concurrently. Pearson correlation and Bland-Altman analysis were used to compare performance with respect to max flow, time to max flow, and total voiding time. Symmetric mean absolute percentage error (SMAPE) was used to compare curve shapes. Repeatability was evaluated separately in three healthy volunteers using repeat measures correlation. Among urology clinic patients, the correlation for max flow was 0.12. Correlation for time to max flow was 0.46, with limits of agreement of -120-165%. Correlation for total voiding time was 0.91, with limits of agreement of -41-38%. The SMAPE for curve shape was 32.6%, with corresponding accuracy of 67.4%. Among healthy volunteers, the repeat measures correlation for max flow was 0.72. Audio-based uroflowmetry was inconsistent in evaluating flow rate, attributable to high variability and difficult standardization for acoustic signals. Performance improved with respect to temporal variables, as well as flow curve shape. Further work evaluating intra-patient reliability and pathology-specific performance is required to fully evaluate audio-based uroflowmetry as a screening or monitoring tool.

Effect of aging on lower urinary tract symptoms and urodynamic parameters in women

ObjectiveLower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common in women. However, due to multifactorial etiologies, it is difficult to determine the prevalence, and functional changes with age. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of age on female LUTS, urethral and bladder function after their midlife. Materials and methodsThis was an observational cohort study conducted at a tertiary referral medical center. Women who visited for bothersome LUTS, valid quality of life questionnaires, and urodynamic tests were recruited into the this study. Patients The patients were divided into four groups (<50, 50–59, 60–69, and >69 years). All LUTS, and urodynamic parameters were reviewed, and compared between groups. ResultsA total of 364 women were enrolled and analyzed. The urodynamic tests showed the that maximal cystometric bladder capacity, the average and maximal urine flow rate, and pressure of detrusor contractility at maximal urine flow rate were all significantly decreased with age. Besides, the voiding time, and post-voiding residual urine volume significantly increased with age. For urethral competence, the maximal urethral closure pressure deteriorated with age. All storage symptoms did not change with age, except for nocturnal enuresis. However, the effect of age on some voiding symptoms significantly increased with age, including straining to void, hesitancy, and intermittency. ConclusionsLower urinary tract symptoms, bladder and urethral functions change with age, particularly voiding function. Physicians should be aware of the aging process when counseling and before implementing management strategies, particularly for older people.

Effects of open prostatectomy on uroflowmetry parameters on patients having benign prostatic hyperplasia

Objective: to assess the effects of urinary flow rate/ uroflowmetry in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia preoperatively and following open prostatectomy for three months post operatively. Materials and Methods: this presoectine was done department of urological surgery AlSader Teaching Hospital between March 2010 to March 2016. Fifty consecutive patients age range 50 years to 80 years, on clinically diagnosed of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were include in the study, preoperatively uroflowmetry is carried out followed by uroflowmetry post open prostatectomy, after first month, second month and third month. Result: Mean age 63.62 ± 6.75 years Uroflowmetry parameter among fifty patients before operation are found, mean voiding time 32.37 ± 19.19 seconds, mean flow time 28.57 ± 15.79 seconds, mean time to maximum flow 9.64 ± 6.65 seconds, mean maximum follow rate 7.60 ± 2.41 ml/sec, mean overage flow rate 4.41 ± 1.28 ml/sec and mean voided volume 165.54 ml. postoperative uroflowmetry was carried out after first month, second month and third month. The average of first three months of postoperative follow up uroflowmetry parameter obtained are, voiding time 27.64 ± 11.67 (P = 0.14) seconds, flowtime 25.72 ± 11.00 (P = 0.29) seconds, time to maximum flow 6.59 ± 0.79 (P = 0.05) seconds, maximum flow rate 27.24 ± 5.11 (P = 0.001) ml second, overage flowrate 13.48 ± 2.08 (P = 0.001) ml second, voided volume 240.32 ± 49.91 (P = 0.01) ml. Conclusion: We conclude that the effects of post prostatectomy all the obstructive uroflowmetry parameters return more or less towards normal levels. As well as excellent improvements in both obstructive and irritative symptoms was also observed.

The influence of injection volume on efficiency of microbore liquid chromatography columns for gradient and isocratic elution

The injection volume and the associated column volume overload is one of the most common issues in miniaturized chromatography. The injection volume should not exceed 10% of the effective column volume. A further reduction of the injection volume leads to an increase in chromatographic efficiency. However, the signal intensity must be above a certain threshold to generate a chromatographic peak that can be detected. Therefore, the injection volume has to be optimized to reach the ideal balance between chromatographic efficiency and sensitivity. This study examined the general influence of the injection volume for both isocratic and gradient elution, depending on the retention factor and peak standard deviation. For this purpose, substances of different polarity were selected to represent a broad elution spectrum. Besides the model analyte naphthalene, these were mainly pharmaceuticals. For all measurements a microbore column with an ID of 300 µm and packed with 1.9 μm fully porous particles was used. For isocratic elution, the injection volume was varied between 4 and 16% of the effective column volume. The retention factors were adjusted between 2 and 10. For gradient elution, the injection volume was varied between 4 and 160% of the effective column volume. The observed effects were further investigated using the gradient kinetic plot theory. In isocratic elution, a loss in plate height up to 50% was observed for components that elute near the void time. A significant reduction of the chromatographic efficiency was noticed up to a retention factor of 4. In gradient elution, a reduction in peak capacity could only be observed if the injection volume exceeded 40% of the effective column volume. For some substances, only a slight loss in peak capacity was noticed even with a volume overload of 160%.

A lavatory urine color (LUC) chart method can identify hypohydration in a physically active population.

To provide a new and efficient at-the-toilet-bowl method of self-assessing urine concentration via urine color (Uc) to identify hypohydration. A large athletic population (n = 189) delivered a urine sample, then chose a color panel that was displayed on the back wall of the lavatory stall. Selection was based on duration of urine voiding time, so that for a short-duration, the lighter panel was selected; for a mid-duration, the mid color panel; and for a longer-void-duration, the darker panel was selected. Then, subjects noted if their urine was lighter than, similar to, or darker than the selected color panel. Trained investigators also rated subjects' urine samples. To assess validity of Uc classification, the outcome was compared with a urine concentration (urine specific gravity, USG, and urine osmolality) threshold indicating hypohydration. Urine color was scored similarly by subjects and investigators (P = 0.99). Based on receiver operating curves (ROC), the method scored fair, i.e., the area under the curve ranging 0.73-0.82, with an accuracy of participants and investigators correctly classifying 72% and 75% urine samples compared to a USG threshold of 1.020, respectively, and 62% and 70% compared to a urine osmolality threshold of 836mmol·kg-1, respectively. This new lavatory urine color (LUC) method of scoring Uc levels to assess potential hypohydration gives results similar to those of traditional urine color charts, but it has the advantage of an immediate assessment of hydration status based on scoring urine color directly from the toilet bowl.

The effect of complementary medicine on maternal health promotion: An experimental study.

BACKGROUND:During the immediate post delivery period, women are particularly susceptible to distension of the bladder. Complementary and alternative medicine is becoming an established intervention modality within the contemporary health care system. However, very little is known about the impact of foot reflexology on the urinary system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the most popular type of complementary therapy (the foot reflexology) on first voiding time following elective cesarean section without urinary catheter.METHODS:This experimental study was performed on 61 pregnant women in Pastor Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, who met the inclusion criteria. Accordingly, participants were randomly allotted to either treatment or control groups. The intervention group received a single 20-min foot re?exology session at 2–3 h after the surgery. The time taken for first void was recorded by research assistant that blinded to the allocation of groups. The findings were recorded and analyzed with the SPSS software by using of Chi-square, independent t-test, Mann–Whitney, and Fisher exact methods P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.RESULTS:Using General Linear Model (GLM) for controlling of confounding variables, the results of t-test showed significant differences between two groups in terms of first voiding time (P = 0.001) following surgery.CONCLUSION:It seems that the use of foot reflexology as a nursing care plan to prevent urinary retention after cesarean section without urinary catheter does shorten first voiding time and increase maternal satisfaction.

The effect of standing and sitting voiding position on uroflowmetric findings and postvoiding residual volume in men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Background: Some studies proposed that different voiding position can affect voiding quality in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). It is said that a particular voiding position can provide better uroflowmetric findings and less post-void residual volume (PVR) in men with BPH. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the two most common voiding positions (standing and sitting) on uroflowmetric findings and PVR in men with BPH to make a recommended voiding position for men with BPH.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 36 men with symptomatic BPH were enrolled. The uroflowmetric study was done for each subject in 2 positions: standing and sitting. The following uroflowmetric parameters were studied: maximum flow rate (Qmax), time to maximum flow, average flow rate (Qave), and voiding time. PVR was assessed after each test. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 23 for Windows.Results: The mean Qmax was significantly better in sitting than a standing position (11.106±4.7801 mL/s vs. 9.536±5.3374 mL/s; p=0.018); the mean Qave, time to maximum flow, and PVR were not different between 2 positions. The mean for Qave for standing and sitting positions were 5.014±2.9888 mL/s and 5.508±2.4437 mL/s in, (p=0.058), the mean voiding time were 43.08±7.980 seconds and 40.22±9.897 seconds, respectively (p= 0.31), and the meantime to maximum flow was 12.39±7.454 seconds and 10.06±4.610 seconds, respectively (p=0.192). In contrast, mean PVR was 87.28±44.810 mL and 72.53±42.779 mL, respectively (p=0.091).Conclusion: The result of this study showed that sitting position had better Qmax than standing position. Incorporating a sitting position with other BPH management might give a synergistic effect that improves urinary flow in men with BPH.