Transition Time Research Articles

Abstract TP97: Contactless and Cameraless Monitoring of Bed Transition Times in Stroke Survivors: A Novel Sensor-Based Approach

Abstract TP97: Contactless and Cameraless Monitoring of Bed Transition Times in Stroke Survivors: A Novel Sensor-Based Approach

A novel sizing methodology for fixed-wing VTOL UAVs considering constraint on minimum transition time

A novel sizing methodology for fixed-wing VTOL UAVs considering constraint on minimum transition time

Vascular health and exercise in females throughout the lifespan: Exploring puberty, pregnancy and menopause.

This narrative review highlights the impact of exercise on vascular health in females over the lifespan with an emphasis on puberty, pregnancy and menopause. These events encompass substantial changes in sex hormone levels, particularly oestrogens and progesterone. They are also accompanied by distinct adaptations of the central, peripheral and cerebral vasculature. Regular exercise is an effective mechanism to reduce vascular risk in females of all ages, especially for those at higher risk for vascular disorders. However, there are large variabilities in the vascular adaptations to exercise in females that may be related to circulating sex hormone levels. In addition, exogenous hormones, such as oral contraceptives taken after puberty or hormonal replacement therapy taken to mitigate symptoms of menopause, may interact with exercise-induced changes in vascular function. We highlight how more research is needed to understand the optimal exercise interventions to promote vascular health in females across the lifespan, especially during times of hormonal transition.

P-640. Vancomycin vs Ceftaroline for Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Pneumonia: A Multicenter Retrospective Study

Abstract Background Vancomycin (V) is considered first-line treatment for MRSA infections, assuming bacterial susceptibility and patient tolerability. Ceftaroline (C) has been used off-label to treat MRSA blood stream infections, osteomyelitis, ventilator-associated pneumonia, hospital-acquired pneumonia and endocarditis. However, the efficacy of C vs V for treatment of MRSA pneumonia has not been studied.Figure 1.Summary of Exclusions for Patient Population Methods Data was extracted from a centralized database for 184 HCA Healthcare hospitals from January 1st, 2016 – June 30th, 2023. Patient encounters with a diagnostic code of MRSA pneumonia and received V and/or C were included for further analysis. In-hospital mortality and length of stay (LOS) were the main outcomes studied. Demographics including age, sex and race were extracted. Average vitals values noted included temperature and O2 saturation. Lab values included average WBC count, creatinine and GFR. Time to first dose of V or C from time of admission and time to transition from V to C were included. Patients who received C-only were combined with the patients who first received V and then transitioned to C (VC). IRB approval was obtained prior to data extraction.Table 1.Demographics, Clinical Data and Outcomes Results Initial data extraction yielded 5977 encounters with final analysis for 4511 unique patients. Encounters were excluded for missing demographic data, duplicates or when V or C were not received. The V-only group had 4372 encounters and the C+VC combined group had 139 encounters. The mortality rate in the V-only group was 609/4372 (13.9%), while that in the C+VC group was 31/139 (22.3%). LOS was 13.22 days and 18.45 days in the V only and C+VC groups, respectively. The average time to transition from V to C in the VC group was 6.4 hours with maximum of 34 hours. Average temperature and O2 saturation were not significantly different between the two groups. GFR (mL/min/1.73m2) was 63.86 and 60.30 and WBC (103/µL) count was 11.93 and 14.01 in the V and V+VC groups, respectively. Conclusion Preliminary data suggest that V may be superior to C for MRSA pneumonia with respect to mortality and hospital LOS. Average WBC may be greater in the C+VC group, suggesting more severe illness. Reasons for transition of V to C were unknown, however given the short transition time, the impact of V on treatment outcome is likely negligible. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Intraoperative Radiotherapy in Brain Metastasis Surgery allows faster Transition to Systemic Therapy

Abstract Background In patients with brain metastases BMs, delay of systemic therapy (CTX) after oncologic surgery due to wound healing issues and postoperative radiotherapy might influence the oncologic outcome. Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) is an emerging option in neurooncology, possibly shortening the time for comprehensive treatment compared to conventional external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). Aim of this study was to compare the transition time to CTX in patients undergoing IORT or EBRT. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review analysis of patients undergoing surgery for BMs at our institution with either IORT or adjuvant EBRT. Either therapy was applied according to an internal standard operation procedure favoring IORT if feasible. The time (days) from surgery until the beginning of CTX was compared together with overall hospitalization time. Results 99 patients were analyzed from which 59 underwent adjuvant EBRT and 40 IORT. Patients undergoing resection of BMs with IORT had significantly shorter intervals to CTX (EBRT vs. IORT; 65.4 ± 54.3 days vs. 32.3 ± 28.0 days (mean±SD); p < .001). Comparing the interval to CTX between last EBRT fraction and IORT showed no significant difference EBRT vs. IORT (26.2 ± 55.8 days vs. 32.3 ± 28.0 days (mean±SD); p = .52). The time spent hospitalized until CTX was significantly lower in the IORT group (EBRT vs. IORT 20.2 ± 9.4 days vs. 9.5 ± 7.1 days (mean±SD); p <.001). Conclusion IORT for BM surgery allows faster transition to systemic oncologic therapy than conventional adjuvant EBRT.

A concept of natural genome reconstruction. Part 2. Effect of extracellular double-stranded DNA fragments on hematopoietic stem cells

In this part of the study, the first component of the concept of “natural genome reconstruction” is being proven. It was shown with mouse and human model organisms that CD34+ hematopoietic bone marrow progenitors take up fragments of extracellular double-stranded DNA through a natural mechanism. It is known that the process of internalization of extracellular DNA fragments involves glycocalyx structures, which include glycoproteins/protein glycans, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins and scavenger receptors. The bioinformatic analysis conducted indicates that the main surface marker proteins of hematopoietic stem cells belong to the indicated groups of factors and contain specific DNA binding sites, including a heparin-binding domain and clusters of positively charged amino acid residues. A direct interaction of CD34 and CD84 (SLAMF5) glycoproteins, markers of hematopoietic stem cells, with double-stranded DNA fragments was demonstrated using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay system. In cells negative for CD34, which also internalize fragments, concatemerization of the fragments delivered into the cell occurs. In this case, up to five oligonucleotide monomers containing 9 telomeric TTAGGG repeats are stitched together into one structure. Extracellular fragments delivered to hematopoietic stem cells initiate division of the original hematopoietic stem cell in such a way that one of the daughter cells becomes committed to terminal differentiation, and the second retains its low-differentiated status. After treatment of bone marrow cells with hDNAgr, the number of CD34+ cells in the colonies increases to 3 % (humans as the model organism). At the same time, treatment with hDNAgr induces proliferation of blood stem cells and their immediate descendants and stimulates colony formation (mouse, rat and humans as the model organisms). Most often, the granulocyte-macrophage lineage of hematopoiesis is activated as a result of processing extracellular double-stranded DNA. The commitment process is manifested by the appearance and repair of pangenomic single-strand breaks. The transition time in the direction of differentiation (the time it takes for pangenomic single-strand breaks to appear and to be repaired) is about 7 days. It is assumed that at the moment of initiation of pangenomic single-strand breaks, a “recombinogenic situation” ensues in the cell and molecular repair and recombination mechanisms are activated. In all experiments with individual molecules, recombinant human angiogenin was used as a comparison factor. In all other experiments, one of the experimental groups consisted of hematopoietic stem cells treated with angiogenin.

Localization of Capsule Endoscope in Alimentary Tract by Computer-Aided Analysis of Endoscopic Images

Capsule endoscopy is a common method for detecting digestive diseases. The location of a capsule endoscope should be constantly monitored through a visual inspection of the endoscopic images by medical staff to confirm the examination’s progress. In this study, we proposed a computer-aided analysis (CADx) method for the localization of a capsule endoscope. At first, a classifier based on a Swin Transformer was proposed to classify each frame of the capsule endoscopy videos into images of the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, respectively. Then, a K-means algorithm was used to correct outliers in the classification results. Finally, a localization algorithm was proposed to determine the position of the capsule endoscope in the alimentary tract. The proposed method was developed and validated using videos of 204 consecutive cases. The proposed CADx, based on a Swin Transformer, showed a precision of 93.46%, 97.28%, and 98.68% for the classification of endoscopic images recorded in the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, respectively. Compared with the landmarks identified by endoscopists, the proposed method demonstrated an average transition time error of 16.2 s to locate the intersection of the stomach and small intestine, as well as 13.5 s to locate that of the small intestine and the large intestine, based on the 20 validation videos with an average length of 3261.8 s. The proposed method accurately localizes the capsule endoscope in the alimentary tract and may replace the laborious real-time visual inspection in capsule endoscopic examinations.

Violence, change and continuity in times of transition

Abstract This article discusses how analyses of conflict often overlook competing interpretations of violence in times of change and transition. As a result, in historiography as well as in public discourse, wars just ‘end’ while neglecting the phenomena that are overlapping war and peaceful periods. This article argues that, along the dimensions of state domination, economy and law, alternative periodizations are required to do justice to actors whose politics are often not very strategic yet important for the political dynamics of transitions. Violence, we argue, can be used as a marker and entry point into the complex politics of change, which are motivated by ideology, opportunity, societal dynamics and lack of coherent control by the state or other institutions.

Minute-Level Room-Temperature Switching and Long Cycle Stability of Thermochromic Inorganic Perovskite Smart Windows.

Perovskite smart windows (PSWs) are widely investigated owing to excellent thermochromic properties, while restricted by poor transition performance and cycle stability. Herein, dimethyl sulfoxide vapor is utilized as an induction reagent for rapid reversible switching at room temperature between the colored and bleached phases. To obtain PSWs with different optical properties and transition performance, red CsPbIBr2, yellow Rb0.5Cs0.5PbIBr2 and brown CsSn0.1Pb0.9IBr2 are prepared through alloying. The perovskites can exhibit reversible switching at 27.4-34.3°C within 1.9-5.1min. Even after 100 cycles, they exhibit remarkable stability of luminous transmittance (retention ≥97.4%) and transition time (retention ≥97.6%). Experimental characterization proves that the reversible switching occurs between colored three-dimension perovskite phase and bleached zero-dimension perovskite phase. In the field test (air temperature=21.6-26.5°C), model houses with PSWs exhibit a maximum indoor temperature drop of 4.2°C. Furthermore, they exhibit considerable temperature modulation ability up to 7.9°C under a solar simulator (temperature of the control model house=60°C). The decrease in the luminous transmittance of the PSWs after 20 days is 2.9%, indicating excellent long-term stability. This study offers PSWs with prominent transition performance and long cycle stability.

The PEBP genes FLOWERING LOCUS T and TERMINAL FLOWER 1 modulate seed dormancy and size.

The phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) family members FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1) are major regulators of plant reproduction. In Arabidopsis, the FT/TFL1 balance defines the timing of floral transition and the determination of inflorescence meristem identity. However, emerging studies have elucidated a plethora of previously unknown functions for these genes in various physiological processes. Here, we characterized potential roles in seed size and dormancy of FT and TFL1 in Arabidopsis thaliana using CRISPR mutants and reporter analysis. Our findings unveiled a role for TFL1 in seed dormancy while confirming the role of FT in regulating this trait. We showed that the interplay between these two genes in seed dormancy is antagonistic, mirroring their roles in flowering time and inflorescence architecture. Analysis of reporter lines demonstrated that FT and TFL1 are partly co-expressed in seeds. Finally, we showed that total seed yield is affected in these mutants. Together, our results highlight the versatility of these two genes beyond their canonical functions. The impact of FT and TFL1 on seed characteristics emphasizes the significance of approaching gene studies from various perspectives, enabling the identification of multifaceted molecular factors that could play a major role in shaping the future of agriculture.

Cell cycle-dependent cues regulate temporal patterning of the Drosophila central brain neural stem cells.

During nervous system development, diverse types of neurons and glia are sequentially generated by self-renewing neural stem cells (NSCs). Temporal changes in gene expression within NSCs are thought to regulate neural diversity; however, the mechanisms regulating the timing of these temporal gene transitions remain poorly understood. Drosophila type II NSCs, like human outer radial glia, divide to self-renew and generate intermediate neural progenitors, amplifying and diversifying the population of neurons innervating the central complex, a brain region required for sensorimotor coordination. Type II NSCs express over a dozen genes temporally, broadly classified as early and late-expressed genes. A conserved gene, Seven-up mediates early to late gene expression by activating ecdysone receptor (EcR) expression. However, what determines the timing of EcR expression and, hence, early to late gene transition is unknown. This study investigates whether intrinsic mechanisms of cell cycle progression and cytokinesis are required to induce the NSC early-late transition. By generating mutant clones that arrest the NSC cell cycle or block cytokinesis, we show that both processes are necessary for the early-to-late transitions. When NSCs are cell cycle or cyto-kinesis arrested, the early gene Imp failed to be down-regulated and persisted into the old NSCs, while the late factors EcR and Syncrip failed to be expressed. Furthermore, we show that the early factor Seven-up is insufficient to drive the transition despite its normal expression in the cell cycle-or cytokinesis-inhibited NSCs. These results suggest that both intrinsic (cell cycle/cytokinesis) and extrinsic (hormone) cues are required for the early-late NSC gene expression transition.

Transition time of a bouncing drop

Transition time of a bouncing drop

Nrf2 Activation as a Therapeutic Target for Flavonoids in Aging-Related Osteoporosis.

Biological aging is a substantial change that leads to different diseases, including osteoporosis (OP), a condition involved in loss of bone density, deterioration of bone structure, and increased fracture risk. In old people, there is a natural decline in bone mineral density (BMD), exacerbated by hormonal changes, particularly during menopause, and it continues in the early postmenopausal years. During this transition time, hormonal alterations are linked to elevated oxidative stress (OS) and decreased antioxidant defenses, leading to a significant increase in OP. Aging is significantly associated with an abnormal ratio of oxidant/antioxidant and modified nuclear factor erythroid-derived two related factor2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) pathway. OS adversely affects bone health by promoting osteoclastic (bone resorbing) activity and impairing osteoblastic (bone-forming cells). Nrf2 is critical in controlling OS and various cellular processes. The expression of Nrf2 is linked to multiple age-related diseases, including OP, and Nrf2 deficiency leads to unbalanced bone formation/resorption and a consequent decline in bone mass. Various drugs are available for treating OP; however, long-term uses of these medicines are implicated in diverse illnesses such as cancer, cardiovascular, and stroke. At the same time, multiple categories of natural products, in particular flavonoids, were proposed as safe alternatives with antioxidant activity and substantial anti-osteoporotic effects.

Experimental Investigation of a C-S-H Nanocrystalline Nucleus Modified with PCE Dispersant on the Early-Age Mechanical Behavior of Oil Well Cement Paste.

For the exploration and development of oil and gas reservoirs in shallow, cold regions and deep oceans, oil well cement (OWC) pastes face the challenge of slow cement hydration reactions and the low early-strength development of cement stone at low temperatures, which can cause the risk of fluid channeling and the defective isolation of the sealing section during the cementing construction process. To address the above challenges, a nanoscale hydrated calcium silicate (C-S-H) crystal nucleus, DRA-1L, was synthesized. Its application performance and action mechanism were studied. The structural characterization of DRA-1L revealed that its crystal structure resembles that of amorphous C-S-H gel, with a size distribution ranging from 20 to 200 nm. The addition of DRA-1L significantly shortens the transition time of static gel strength, preventing the channeling of OWC paste and promoting the strength development of cement stone at low temperatures. Moreover, the mechanism by which DRA-1L enhances the early strength of cement stone was studied. Results indicated that the nanoscale DRA-1L with nucleation effect reduces the barrier to C-S-H gel formation and accelerates cement hydration, which leads to the increased compactness and early strength of cement stone.

Accelerating Molecular Dynamics through Informed Resetting.

We present a procedure for enhanced sampling of molecular dynamics simulations through informed stochastic resetting. Many phenomena, such as protein folding and crystal nucleation, occur over time scales inaccessible in standard simulations. We recently showed that stochastic resetting can accelerate molecular simulations that exhibit broad transition time distributions. However, standard stochastic resetting does not exploit any information about the reaction progress. For a model system and chignolin in explicit water, we demonstrate that an informed resetting protocol leads to greater accelerations than standard stochastic resetting in molecular dynamics and Metadynamics simulations. This is achieved by resetting only when a certain condition is met, e.g., when the distance from the target along the reaction coordinate is larger than some threshold. We use these accelerated simulations to infer important kinetic observables such as the unbiased mean first-passage time and direct transit time. For the latter, Metadynamics with informed resetting leads to speedups of 2-3 orders of magnitude over unbiased simulations with relative errors of only ∼35-70%. Our work significantly extends the applicability of stochastic resetting for enhanced sampling of molecular simulations.

Confirmation of the planetary nebula nature of HaTr 5. Not a remnant of Nova Sco 1437

The identification of the nebula HaTr,5 with the shell remnant of the historic Nova Sco,1437 around the low-accretion rate cataclysmic variable 2MASS,J17022815-4306123 has been used in the framework of the hibernation scenario to set an upper limit of ≤580 yr on the transition time from a nova-like binary to a dwarf nova. This work is aimed at clarifying the nature of HaTr,5, which has also been deemed a possible planetary nebula in previous works. We obtained intermediate- and high-dispersion long-slit spectra of HaTr,5 and analyzed them in conjunction with archival optical and infrared images to investigate its spectral properties using photoionization models. In addition, we sought to derive its Hα flux and ionized mass and determine its spatio-kinematic by means of 3D models to clarify its true nature. The Hα flux of HaTr,5 implies an ionized mass of 0.059 M_⊙ at the 0.99 kpc distance of 2MASS,J17022815-4306123, namely, ∼1000 times the typical ejecta of a nova. If HaTr,5 were actually an unrelated planetary nebula, its Hα flux would imply a distance of 2.25 kpc and an ionized mass of 0.47 M_⊙. The expansion velocity of HaTr,5 is found to be ≃27 km s^-1, with a heliocentric radial velocity of -1 km s^-1. The ionized mass of HaTr,5 and its expansion velocity (and associated kinematic age) are clearly inconsistent with those expected for a nova remnant, all strongly support a planetary nebula nature. The association of 2MASS,J17022815-4306123 with HaTr,5 is further called into question based on their differing radial velocities and almost orthogonal motions on the plane of the sky. We have concluded that HaTr,5 is an old, evolved planetary nebula unrelated to the remnant of Nova Sco 1437 or to the cataclysmic variable 2MASS,J17022815-4306123, with the latter being by chance projected onto HaTr,5.

Cleaning WASP-33 b transits from the host star photometric variability: analysis of TESS data from two sectors

ABSTRACT Based on TESS observations of a $\delta$ Scuti variable WASP-33 obtained in 2019 and 2022, we thoroughly investigate the power spectrum of this target photometric flux and construct a statistically exhaustive model for its variability. This model contains 30 robustly justified harmonics detected in both the TESS sectors simultaneously, 13 less robust harmonics detected in a single TESS sector, a red noise, and a quasi-periodic noise term. This allowed us to greatly improve the accuracy of the exoplanet WASP-33 b transit timings, reducing the TTV residuals r.m.s. drastically, by a factor of 3.5, from 63 to 18 s. Finally, our analysis does not confirm existence of a detectable orbital phase variation claimed previously based on WASP-33 TESS photometry of 2019.

Assessing Vegetation Canopy Growth Variations in Northeast China.

Studying climate change's impact on vegetation canopy growth and senescence is significant for understanding and predicting vegetation dynamics. However, there is a lack of adequate research on canopy changes across the lifecycles of different vegetation types. Using GLASS LAI (leaf area index) data (2001-2020), we investigated canopy development (April-June), maturity (July-August), and senescence (September-October) rates in Northeast China, focusing on their responses to preseason climatic factors. We identified that early stages saw canopy development acceleration, with over 71% of areas experiencing such acceleration in April and May. As the vegetation grew, the accelerating canopy development slowed down, and the canopy reached its maturation earlier. By analyzing the partial correlation between canopy growth and preseason climatic factors, it was identified that changes in canopy growth were most significantly affected by preseason air temperature. A positive correlation was observed in the early stages, which shifted to a negative correlation during canopy maturation and senescence. Notably, the transition timing varied among different vegetation types, with grasslands (June) occurring earlier than forests (July) and farmlands (August). Additionally, grassland canopy growth showed a stronger response to precipitation than forests and farmlands, with a lagged effect of 2.50 months. Our findings improve understanding of vegetation canopy growth across different stages, holding significant importance for ecological environmental monitoring, land-use planning, and sustainable development.

Sailing into Unchartered Waters in Times of a Great Transition

Sailing into Unchartered Waters in Times of a Great Transition

Prose by Yevgenia Maykova in the context of the same old story by Ivan Goncharov

The article is devoted to two romantic stories written by Ekaterina Maykova "Maria" (1835), and "Woman" (1850). The study is associated with biographical, comparative and typological methods. The article focuses on the prose of the owner of the literary house. Her prose bore the stamp of the transitional time in Russian literature of the 19th century. The time when the aesthetic foundations of Ivan Goncharov’s work were laid and developed. Goncharov was a close friend of the Maykov’s family. The early work of the writer and his first novel "The same old story" (1847) is an artistic reflection of the time, ideological problems and disputes regarding the development of Russian literature during the transition from romanticism to realism. The plot of the ultra-romantic story "Maria" has a connection with "Eugene Onegin" by Pushkin. The connection is in the image of Tatyana Larina and at the same time the connection with the romantic Alexander Aduev from "The same old story" by Goncharov. The three heroes are brought together by their passion for the English poet Byron. A decade and a half later, the writer published the story Woman, in which realistic features emerge more and more clearly. The text seems to repeat the plot of Pushkin's novel in verse in the love line. Realistic denouement of the story by Maykova turns out to be akin to the ending of "The same old story", the text of which was written by Goncharov in the Maykov’s literary house. Prose experiments of Maykova turn out to be extremely important for explaining Goncharov’s dialectical attitude towards romantic traditions throughout his work. The stories written by the head of the literary house reflect the movement towards realistic trends, psychologism inherent to the Russian classical novel.