Time Of Suicide Attempt Research Articles

Temporal patterns of suicide attempts in India: A Comprehensive analysis by time of day, week, and hour, stratified by age, sex, and marital status, and examining suicidal methods distribution

BackgroundSuicide carries a significant global burden. There may be patterns or seasonality in suicide rates, which are possibly linked to environmental factors and mood. MethodsThis study aimed to investigate the temporal patterns of completed suicide attempts, focusing on the time of suicide attempt instead death time. Data were collected from autopsies and examined through day/night, morning/afternoon/evening/night-time, hourly, and weekday distribution. ResultsDemographic analysis revealed higher prevalence among young adults and married individuals and attempts occurred in the afternoon and evening. Male suicide attempts peaked between 4 pm and 6 pm, while female attempts peaked at 6 pm. Hanging was the most common method. Weekday trends showed higher attempts on Fridays and Mondays. ConclusionUnderstanding temporal patterns of suicide attempts help in developing targeted preventive strategies. Resources can be allocated more efficiently during high-risk times to reduce the likelihood of completed suicides. Identifying vulnerable individuals, such as young adults and married individuals during the afternoon and evening hours allows for closer monitoring and intervention, with heightened vigilance on Fridays and Mondays.

Predictors of completed suicide: Results from the suicide registry program in the west of Iran.

Suicide is a crucial public health problem with a serious harmful impact on individuals, families, and societies. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the predictors of death or serious injury related outcome regarding this lethal phenomenon in Hamadan Province. In this registry-based study we used all of suicide attempt entered in Hamadan Suicide Registry Program from January 2016 to the end of 2017. Serious injury and death were considered as suicide worse outcome and its prognostic factors were examined using logistic regression model. From 2493 patients with suicide attempts in 5.61 % and 4.09 % of them, suicide behaviour led to serious injury and death, respectively. Males had 2.83 times higher odds of the worse suicide outcomes ([OR = 2.83, 95 % CI: 1.71, 4.68)], P < 0.001). Moreover, the odds of worse outcomes of suicide in individuals with low level of education, advanced age and with the history of suicidal ideation was significantly higher (P < 0.05). Among different suicide methods, the highest odds of suicide worse outcomes were related to self-immolation, falls, hanging, self-harm, poisoning, and drugs (P < 0.001). We found that the increase odds of suicide worse outcomes were associated with individuals advance age, low level of education, time of suicide attempt, previous history of suicidal ideation and choosing self-immolation, falls, hanging, self-harm, poisoning, and drugs as a suicide method.

İntihar Girişimi ile Acil Servise Başvuran Hastaların Demografik Özelliklerinin ve Klinik Sonuçlarının Değerlendirilmesi

Objectives:Suicide is a state of aggression that is voluntarily directed towards the self. Suicide cases with increasing mortality and morbidity rates with each passing day are an important public health problem. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the demographic characteristics, methods of suicide attempt with variable factors of clinical results of the patients who applied with the reason of suicide attempt, and to contribute to literature with the results. Methods: This study was performed retrospectively by examining forensic records and patient files of patients who came to a Training and Research Hospital Emergency Medicine Clinic with the reason of suicide between the dates of 01.12.2018-31.12.2018. Chi-Square Independence, Chi-Square Trend, and Fisher's Exact tests were used in statistical. p &amp;lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: A total of 504 patients were included in our study.Among the participants, 70.4% were female and 29.6% were male. The mean age of the participants was 30.14. Education levels were evaluated, 67.7% were high school graduates, 22.4% university graduates, 8.1% middle school graduates and 1.8% elementary school graduates.The suicide attempt months between groups was not statistically significant in the presence of psychiatric disorder Glaskow coma scale, final clinical results, distribution of suicide attempt according to months and the time of suicide attempt was found to be statistically significant . Conclusion: The phenomenon of suicide is a situation that has not lost its importance on the agenda both in our country and the world for centuries as one of the causes of early death that can be prevented,unlike normal life expectancy.We believe that individuals should be, in addition to check-ups starting in primary school, periodically checked for mental health starting from school age, and that possible suicide attempts can be prevented by working together with psychological counselors starting from school age.

Risk Factors and Timing of Suicide Attempts among US Army Reserve Component Soldiers during Deployment to the Afghanistan and Iraq Wars: Results from Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers

Objective: During the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, suicidal behaviors increased among U.S. Army soldiers. Although Reserve Component (RC) soldiers (National Guard and Army Reserve) comprise approximately one third of those deployed in support of the wars, few studies have examined suicidal behaviors among these “citizen-soldiers”. The objective of this study is to examine suicide attempt risk factors and timing among RC enlisted soldiers. Methods: This longitudinal, retrospective cohort study used individual-level person-month records from Army and Department of Defense administrative data systems to examine socio-demographic, service-related, and mental health predictors of medically documented suicide attempts among enlisted RC soldiers during deployment from 2004–2009. Data were analyzed using discrete-time survival models. Results: A total of 230 enlisted RC soldiers attempted suicide. Overall, the in-theater suicide attempt rate among RC soldiers was 81/100,000 person-years. Risk was highest in the fifth month of deployment (13.8 per 100,000 person-months). Suicide attempts were more likely among soldiers who were women (adjusted odds ratio, aOR = 2.5 [95% CI: 1.8–3.5]), less than high school educated (aOR = 1.8 [95% CI: 1.3–2.5]), in their first 2 years of service (aOR = 2.0 [95% CI: 1.2–3.4]), were currently married (aOR = 2.0 [95% CI: 1.5–2.7]), and had received a mental health diagnosis in the previous month (aOR = 24.7 [95% CI: 17.4–35.0]). Conclusions: Being female, early in service and currently married are associated with increased odds of suicide attempt in RC soldiers. Risk of suicide attempt was greatest at mid deployment. These predictors and the timing of suicide attempt for RC soldiers in-theater are largely consistent with those of deployed Active Component (Regular) soldiers. Results also reinforce and replicate the findings among Active Component soldiers related to the importance of a recent mental health diagnosis and the mid-deployment as a period of enhanced risk.

Diurnal variation in suicide timing by age and gender: Evidence from Japan across 41 years

BackgroundPrevious research on hourly diurnal variation in suicide frequency has often suffered from geographical and time-span limitations in the data. We studied diurnal and daily variations of suicide by analyzing a large dataset based on the national death registry in Japan between 1974 and 2014. MethodsThe diurnal and daily patterns of 873,268 suicide deaths over 41 years were examined by sex and age group through Poisson regression and visual inspection. We also investigated whether these patterns are related to Japan's economic conditions. ResultsSuicide by middle-aged males was most frequent in the early morning especially on Mondays after the end of Japan's high growth period. We also observed large midnight peaks in suicides among young and middle-aged males. The proportion of early morning suicide deaths by young and middle-aged males increased as the country's unemployment rose. Females and elderly males were more likely to die by suicide during the day than at night. LimitationOur study examined time of death, not time of suicide attempt. It is possible that there is a discrepancy between the two. ConclusionsDifferent subpopulations die by suicide at different times of the day and days of the week. Time patterns of suicide varied considerably over time, suggesting that they cannot be explained by biological circadian rhythm alone. Our findings suggest that the patterns are partly explained by economic conditions. Future suicide prevention efforts should consider the time patterns of suicide unique to each subpopulation, especially when economic growth is depressed.

Retrospective Study of Relationship Between Alcohol Use and Risk of Suicide Attempt

Background: It is important to investigate the relationship between alcohol use and risk of suicide attempt which has important implications for management and prevention of further suicidal behavior. Methods: One year’s worth of data (June 2014 to May 2015) was obtained retrospectively from case records of patients who had attempted suicide. Results: In the year sampled, there were 1600 attempted suicide cases, of which 809 were referred to a psychiatrist for a risk-factor evaluation. Males were 397 (49.1%), out of which 147 patients were found to be using alcohol. Out of 147 patients 146 (99.3%) suicide attempt were linked to alcohol use. Those who age &lt;30 years were 83(56.5%) and age &gt;30 years were 64 (43.5%). 60 (40.8%) were using alcohol from less than 5years, 43(29.3%) were using alcohol from 5-10 years, 44(29.9%) were using alcohol for more than 10 years. 120(81.6%) had dependence pattern of alcohol use, 109(74.1%) were under intoxication, where as 18(12.2%) were in withdrawal state at the time of suicide attempt, 105 (71.4%) were attempted suicide without their awareness. and 83(56.5%) were having alcohol induced depression. Conclusion: This study from the case records elucidates relationship between alcohol use and suicide attempt which will help further in suicide prevention.

National Trends in Suicide Attempts Among Adults in the United States

A recent increase in suicide in the United States has raised public and clinical interest in determining whether a coincident national increase in suicide attempts has occurred and in characterizing trends in suicide attempts among sociodemographic and clinical groups. To describe trends in recent suicide attempts in the United States. Data came from the 2004-2005 wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) and the 2012-2013 NESARC-III. These nationally representative surveys asked identical questions to 69 341 adults, 21 years and older, concerning the occurrence and timing of suicide attempts. Risk differences adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity (ARDs) assessed trends from the 2004-2005 to 2012-2013 surveys in suicide attempts across sociodemographic and psychiatric disorder strata. Additive interactions tests compared the magnitude of trends in prevalence of suicide attempts across levels of sociodemographic and psychiatric disorder groups. The analyses were performed from February 8, 2017, through May 31, 2017. Self-reported attempted suicide in the 3 years before the interview. With use of data from the 69 341 participants (42.8% men and 57.2% women; mean [SD] age, 48.1 [17.2] years), the weighted percentage of US adults making a recent suicide attempt increased from 0.62% in 2004-2005 (221 of 34 629) to 0.79% in 2012-2013 (305 of 34 712; ARD, 0.17%; 95% CI, 0.01%-0.33%; P = .04). In both surveys, most adults with recent suicide attempts were female (2004-2005, 60.17%; 2012-2013, 60.94%) and younger than 50 years (2004-2005, 84.75%; 2012-2013, 80.38%). The ARD for suicide attempts was significantly larger among adults aged 21 to 34 years (0.48%; 95% CI, 0.09% to 0.87%) than among adults 65 years and older (0.06%; 95% CI, -0.02% to 0.14%; interaction P = .04). The ARD for suicide attempts was also significantly larger among adults with no more than a high school education (0.49%; 95% CI, 0.18% to 0.80%) than among college graduates (0.03%; 95% CI, -0.17% to 0.23%; interaction P = .003); the ARD was also significantly larger among adults with antisocial personality disorder (2.16% [95% CI, 0.61% to 3.71%] vs 0.07% [95% CI, -0.09% to 0.23%]; interaction P = .01), a history of violent behavior (1.04% [95% CI, 0.35% to 1.73%] vs 0.00% [95% CI, -0.12% to 0.12%]; interaction P = .003), or a history of anxiety (1.43% [95% CI, 0.47% to 2.39%] vs 0.18% [95% CI, 0.04% to 0.32%]; interaction P = .01) or depressive (0.99% [95% CI, -0.09% to 2.07%] vs -0.08% [95% CI, -0.20% to 0.04%]; interaction P = .05) disorders than among adults without these conditions. A recent overall increase in suicide attempts among adults in the United States has disproportionately affected younger adults with less formal education and those with antisocial personality disorder, anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, and a history of violence.

FACTORES PSICOPATOLÓGICOS DE RIESGO EN INTENTOS DE SUICIDIO

Este estudio caracterizó el factor psicopatológico de riesgo en intentos suicidas asistidos en el servicio de urgencia de un hospital general de Jujuy, Argentina. El estudio fue de tipo epidemiológico, de diseño descriptivo transversal. Las fuentes de datos fueron los registros de asistencias psicológicas durante 2007-2008 y 2011-2012. Del total de intentos suicidas (N = 481), el 19.54% había intentado suicidarse anteriormente, mientras que el 28.07% tenía diagnóstico de trastorno mental, de los cuales el 56.30% recibía tratamiento al momento del intento suicida. Trastornos del ánimo, especialmente depresivos, y Trastornos relacionados con sustancias fueron los diagnósticos más frecuentes. Se hallaron diferencias significativas según marcadores demográficos (sexo-edad) que deben ser consideradas en investigaciones futuras. Los resultados mostraron que el factor psicopatológico de riesgo suicida es mucho menos prevalente en la casuística local comparado con reportes en poblaciones foráneas. Los hallazgos relativizan la importancia del factor psicopatológico de riesgo en intentos suicidas.

Retrospective Study of Relationship Between Alcohol Use and Risk of Suicide Attempt

Background: It is important to investigate the relationship between alcohol use and risk of suicide attempt which has important implications for management and prevention of further suicidal behavior. Methods: One year’s worth of data (June 2014 to May 2015) was obtained retrospectively from case records of patients who had attempted suicide. Results: In the year sampled, there were 1600 attempted suicide cases, of which 809 were referred to a psychiatrist for a risk-factor evaluation. Males were 397 (49.1%), out of which 147 patients were found to be using alcohol. Out of 147 patients 146 (99.3%) suicide attempt were linked to alcohol use. Those who age &lt;30 years were 83(56.5%) and age &gt;30 years were 64 (43.5%). 60 (40.8%) were using alcohol from less than 5years, 43(29.3%) were using alcohol from 5-10 years, 44(29.9%) were using alcohol for more than 10 years. 120(81.6%) had dependence pattern of alcohol use, 109(74.1%) were under intoxication, where as 18(12.2%) were in withdrawal state at the time of suicide attempt, 105 (71.4%) were attempted suicide without their awareness. and 83(56.5%) were having alcohol induced depression. Conclusion: This study from the case records elucidates relationship between alcohol use and suicide attempt which will help further in suicide prevention.

Risk Factors, Methods, and Timing of Suicide Attempts Among US Army Soldiers.

Suicide attempts in the US Army have risen in the past decade. Understanding the association between suicide attempts and deployment, as well as method and timing of suicide attempts, can assist in developing interventions. To examine suicide attempt risk factors, methods, and timing among soldiers currently deployed, previously deployed, and never deployed at the time this study was conducted. This longitudinal, retrospective cohort study of Regular Army-enlisted soldiers on active duty from 2004 through 2009 used individual-level person-month records to examine risk factors (sociodemographic, service related, and mental health), method, and time of suicide attempt by deployment status (never, currently, and previously deployed). Administrative data for the month before each of 9650 incident suicide attempts and an equal-probability sample of 153 528 control person-months for other soldiers were analyzed using a discrete-time survival framework. Suicide attempts and career, mental health, and demographic predictors were obtained from administrative and medical records. Of the 9650 enlisted soldiers who attempted suicide, 86.3% were male, 68.4% were younger than 30 years, 59.8% were non-Hispanic white, 76.5% were high school educated, and 54.7% were currently married. The 40.4% of enlisted soldiers who had never been deployed (n = 12 421 294 person-months) accounted for 61.1% of enlisted soldiers who attempted suicide (n = 5894 cases). Risk among those never deployed was highest in the second month of service (103 per 100 000 person-months). Risk among soldiers on their first deployment was highest in the sixth month of deployment (25 per 100 000 person-months). For those previously deployed, risk was highest at 5 months after return (40 per 100 000 person-months). Currently and previously deployed soldiers were more likely to attempt suicide with a firearm than those never deployed (currently deployed: OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 2.9-5.6; previously deployed: OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.8-3.9). Across deployment status, suicide attempts were more likely among soldiers who were women (currently deployed: OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 3.0-4.0; previously deployed: OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.4-1.7; and never deployed: OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 2.3-2.6), in their first 2 years of service (currently deployed: OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.5-2.3; previously deployed: OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.9-2.7; and never deployed: OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 2.7-3.6), and had a recently received a mental health diagnosis in the previous month (currently deployed: OR, 29.8; 95% CI, 25.0-35.5; previously deployed: OR, 22.2; 95% CI, 20.1-24.4; and never deployed: OR, 15.0; 95% CI, 14.2-16.0). Among soldiers with 1 previous deployment, odds of a suicide attempt were higher for those who screened positive for depression or posttraumatic stress disorder after return from deployment and particularly at follow-up screening, about 4 to 6 months after deployment (depression: OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.9; posttraumatic stress disorder: OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 2.1-2.8). Identifying the timing and risk factors for suicide attempt in soldiers requires consideration of environmental context, individual characteristics, and mental health. These factors can inform prevention efforts.

Supplemental Material for Developmental Timing of Suicide Attempts and Cardiovascular Risk During Young Adulthood

Supplemental Material for Developmental Timing of Suicide Attempts and Cardiovascular Risk During Young Adulthood

Incidence and fatality of serious suicide attempts in a predominantly rural population in Shandong, China: a public health surveillance study

ObjectivesTo estimate the incidence of serious suicide attempts (SSAs, defined as suicide attempts resulting in either death or hospitalisation) and to examine factors associated with fatality among these attempters.DesignA surveillance...

Value of studying the time of occurrence of suicide attempt in people attending hospital following suicide attempt

Background: It is unclear whether any particular time of the day is Vulnerable for suicide attempts. Suicide attempt is a known risk factor for future completed suicide. Aim: To investigate the relationship between the time of suicide attempt and the sociodemograpic and illness characteristics of suicide attempters. Method: Time of attempt, clinical and demographic data and illness variables of 74 patients presenting to hospital following suicide attempt were analyzed. Results: Our results showed 8.a.m. to 11.59 a.m. is the most preferred time of attempt and it is statistically significant. Suicide attempt is significantly more in the day time (between 8 a.m. to 11.59 a.m.). The above time period is significantly associated with place of attempt of the suicide attempters. This is the time period where more young males (20 – 29 years) from rural back ground, married, illiterates and unemployed (significant no. of house wives also) attempt suicide during this time. Depression is the common psychiatric illness and pesticide is the common mode of attempt. More number of cases attempt during the months of August, September and October. Majority of them have experienced more than 5 life events before the attempt. Therefore we conclude that forenoon (8 a.m. to 11.59 a.m.) is the most vulnerable period for attempting suicide. Conclusion: The assessment of patients with history of suicide attempt in relation to the time of attempt is beneficial in formulating suicide prevention strategies.

AB0503 Suicide and Suicide Attempts in A Cohort of SLE Patients

BackgroundSuicidal intent is believed to be more prevalent amongst systemic lupus erythemathosus (SLE) patients than in the general population. Depression is often present in SLE patients and can be a...

Common Stressors among Suicide Attempters as Revealed in a Psychiatric Service of Eastern Nepal

Common Stressors among Suicide Attempters as Revealed in a Psychiatric Service of Eastern Nepal Stressor is one of the three major risk factors of suicide, along with altered mental state and access to suicidemeans. There is scant data from Nepal about the stressors being common among suicide attempters. It is a hospital based descriptive study looking into stressors as revealed by patients and care-takers in psychiatric assessment. All patients consulting the investigating psychiatristteam within study period (12 months, 2011) were enrolled after informed consent. During detailed work-up; suicidal state was ascertained, relevant information were recorded in the proforma and an intensive qualitative exploration was made in all subjects into the stressors present during the time of suicide-attempt.

Incidence and predictors of suicide attempts among primary-care patients with depressive disorders: a 5-year prospective study

No previous study has prospectively investigated incidence and risk factors for suicide attempts among primary care patients with depression. In the Vantaa Primary Care Depression Study, a stratified random sample of 1119 patients was screened for depression, and Structured Clinical Interviews for DSM-IV used to diagnose Axis I and II disorders. A total of 137 patients were diagnosed with a DSM-IV depressive disorder. Altogether, 82% of patients completed the 5-year follow-up. Information on timing of suicide attempts, plus major depressive episodes (MDEs) and partial or full remission, or periods of substance abuse were examined with life charts. Incidence of suicide attempts and their stable and time-varying risk factors (phases of depression/substance abuse) were investigated using Cox proportional hazard and Poisson regression models. During the follow-up there were 22 discrete suicide attempts by 14/134 (10.4%) patients. The incidence rates were 0, 5.8 and 107 during full or partial remission or MDEs, or 22.2 and 142 per 1000 patient-years during no or active substance abuse, respectively. In Cox models, current MDE (hazard ratio 33.5, 95% confidence interval 3.6-309.7) was the only significant independent risk factor. Primary care doctors were rarely aware of the suicide attempts. Of the primary care patients with depressive disorders, one-tenth attempted suicide in 5 years. However, risk of suicidal acts was almost exclusively confined to MDEs, with or without concurrent active substance abuse. Suicide prevention among primary care patients with depression should focus on active treatment of major depressive disorder and co-morbid substance use, and awareness of suicide risk.

1704 – Suicide attempts before and during the financial crisis in Greece

Periods of financial crises have been associated with impairment of mental health and increased suicidality. The purpose of this research is to study the potential impact of the consequences of the financial crisis, such as unemployment, job insecurity, debts, poverty, social exclusion on the suicidality in the Greek population. The records of patients who were hospitalized in the Internal Medicine Clinics of a general hospital after attempting suicide in the years 2007 and 2011, before and during the financial crisis respectively, were studied. Demographic data, methods of suicide attempt, psychiatric history and severity of psychopathology at the time of suicide attempt, were recorded for each patient. The statistical analysis showed that during the financial crisis there is an increase in the number of suicide attempts. Most affected are those who are unemployed, married, who are reaching the age of retirement or are already retired and have no history of psychiatric disorder or suicide attempt. Furthermore, there was evidence suggesting that a decreased threshold of psychopathology was adequate for individuals to exhibit suicidal behavior. It seems that the economic crisis in Greece has a negative impact on the mental health of its population and causes an increase in suicidal behavior. Consequently, mental health promotion and suicidality prevention programs are essential for the accurate and timely identification and the immediate and effective management of high risk individuals.

Incidence and Predictors of Suicide Attempts in DSM–IV Major Depressive Disorder: A Five-Year Prospective Study

Prospective long-term studies of risk factors for suicide attempts among patients with major depressive disorder have not investigated the course of illness and state at the time of the act. Therefore, the importance of state factors, particularly time spent in risk states, for overall risk remains unknown. In the Vantaa Depression Study, a longitudinal 5-year evaluation of psychiatric patients with major depressive disorder, prospective information on 249 patients (92.6%) was available. Time spent in depressive states and the timing of suicide attempts were investigated with life charts. During the follow-up assessment period, there were 106 suicide attempts per 1,018 patient-years. The incidence rate per 1,000 patient-years during major depressive episodes was 21-fold (N=332 [95% confidence interval [CI]=258.6-419.2]), and it was fourfold during partial remission (N=62 [95% CI=34.6-92.4]) compared with full remission (N=16 [95% CI=11.2-40.2]). In the Cox proportional hazards model, suicide attempts were predicted by the months spent in a major depressive episode (hazard ratio=7.74 [95% CI=3.40-17.6]) or in partial remission (hazard ratio=4.20 [95% CI=1.71-10.3]), history of suicide attempts (hazard ratio=4.39 [95% CI=1.78-10.8]), age (hazard ratio=0.94 [95% CI=0.91-0.98]), lack of a partner (hazard ratio=2.33 [95% CI=0.97-5.56]), and low perceived social support (hazard ratio=3.57 [95% CI=1.09-11.1]). The adjusted population attributable fraction of the time spent depressed for suicide attempts was 78%. Among patients with major depressive disorder, incidence of suicide attempts varies markedly depending on the level of depression, being highest during major depressive episodes. Although previous attempts and poor social support also indicate risk, the time spent depressed is likely the major factor determining overall long-term risk.

Timing of suicide attempts by self-poisoning during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the timing and consequences of suicide attempts by self-poisoning during pregnancy. Methods: A population-based prospective study was organised in the toxicological in-patient hospital in Budapest which is responsible for health services for adult inhabitants poisoned by ingesting chemicals in Budapest and the surrounding area involving 3 million people between 1985 and 1993. All women aged between 16 and 50 years (22 969) who were admitted to the study hospital due to suicide attempts by drug ingestion were examined by a sensitive serum pregnancy test. Results: Of 559 self-poisoned pregnant women, two died. The peak period of suicide attempts was found to be in the first postconceptual month and its majority resulted in a very early fetal loss. The second highest figure was recorded in the second postconceptual month. Thus, 61% of suicide attempts occurred before the third postconceptual month. Later pregnancies had a significantly lower proportion of attempting suicide parallel with advanced fetal development. Conclusions: Most suicide attempts by self-poisoning occurred after the early recognition of unwanted pregnancies and most resulted in a very early fetal loss. Pregnancies with advanced gestation months had a significantly lower proportion of attempting suicide.

Factor structure of Beck's Suicide Intent Scales.

Data obtained from 48 suicide attempters and 56 suicide threateners on three of Beck's suicide intent scales were factor analyzed. The scale, attempt suicide intent, yielded four orthogonal factors reflecting seriousness of intent, lethality of the act, precautions against interference and failure to initiate rescue after the attempt. The current scale of suicidal intent yielded four factors, bur one, the still suicidal factor, accounted for 44% of the variance. The suicide ideators scale yielded a general factor, called specificity of planning, accounting for more than half the variation. Factor scores were computed and correlated with diagnostic groupings. Character disordered subjects were more likely to report both more serious intent at time of suicide attempt and at interview than other attempters.