Separation Time Research Articles

Geographical Patterns in Mortality Impacts Due To Heatwaves of Different Characteristics in Spanish Cities.

The impact of heatwaves (HWs) on human health is a topic of growing interest due to the global magnification of these phenomena and their substantial socio-economic impacts. As for other countries of Southern Europe, Spain is a region highly affected by heat and its increase under climate change. This is observed in the mean values and the increasing incidence of extreme weather events and associated mortality. Despite the vast knowledge on this topic, it remains unclear whether specific types and characteristics of HW are particularly harmful to the population and whether this shows a regional interdependency. The present study provides a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between HW characteristics and mortality in 12 Spanish cities. We used separated time series analysis in each city applying a quasi-Poisson regression model and distributed lag linear and non-linear models. Results show an increase in the mortality risk under HW conditions in the cities with a lower HW frequency. However, this increase exhibits remarkable differences across the cities under study not showing any general pattern in the HW characteristics-mortality association. This relationship is shown to be complex and strongly dependent on the local properties of each city pointing out the crucial need to examine and understand on a local scale the HW characteristics and the HW-mortality relationship for an efficient design and implementation of prevention measures.

Evaluating the Role of Objective Structured Clinical Examination as a Summative Assessment Tool in Undergraduate and Postgraduate Psychiatry Residents.

The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is the gold standard and universal format to assess medical students' clinical competence in a comprehensive, reliable, and valid manner. OSCE is gaining global popularity for assessing medical students in various specialties. Our country uses it in multiple disciplines, but its application in psychiatry remains limited. OSCE is a resource-demanding assessment method that can face numerous challenges. A comprehensive assessment of perceptions regarding OSCE can help identify areas that need improvement. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the perceptions of students and examiners toward OSCE in psychiatry. This study aims to evaluate the role of Objective Structured Clinical Examination as a summative assessment tool in assessing competency in undergraduate (as part of their ward leaving examinations in psychiatry) and postgraduate psychiatry residents (as part of their six-monthly assessments) and analyze the perceptions of students as well as of the faculty members regarding OSCE. Six MD students and 49 MBBS students took the OSCE as part of their ward-level exams in psychiatry. In the presence of four faculty members of the psychiatry department, students completed their six-month summative exams. The OSCE was held at separate times for UG and PG students. UG and PG students utilized different stations (PG students had a harder level). A 10-item questionnaire was given to examiners and students at the end of the OSCE to get their opinions regarding the OSCE. Furthermore, data gathered from the faculty through an open-ended questionnaire was compiled and displayed thematically. Since the Likert scale survey generated ordinal data, the statistical analysis was conducted using the median, interquartile range (IQR), and chi-square test. The chi-square test was used to compare the variables. A P-value of less than 0.05 was deemed statistically noteworthy. Four faculty members and fifty-five students in all answered the questionnaire. Regarding the OSCE's characteristics, validity, reliability, and transparency, the majority of students expressed positive opinions. In a similar vein, most examiners had positive perceptions pertaining to OSCE's administration, structure, and procedures. Certain areas, such as "improved confidence in teaching clinical skills" and "improved confidence in giving students structured feedback," were also emphasized by thematic analysis of faculty members. In general, both students and examiners had extremely favorable perceptions of and embraced the OSCE. Improved faculty orientation and student preparation for the OSCE may help allay anxiety and overcome hesitation related to the exam.

Kekerabatan Bahasa Jawa, Bahasa Nias, dan Bahasa Batak Toba di Kota Medan

This study aims to describe the percentage of kinship and separation time between Javanese (J), Nias (N) and Batak Toba (BT) in Medan. This study used a combined qualitative and quantitative method. The type of data studied refers to the 200 vocabulary lists put forward by Swadesh. Data sources are obtained through written sources and in-depth interviews with informants. From written data sources, research reference data were obtained in Proto Austronesian (PAN) and Indonesian language versions. Then interviews were conducted with informants from each language speaker. The data collection method used is the listen and cakap method. Data analysis techniques are carried out using lexicostatistical formula calculations and glotochronology. The results of this research show that the percentage of kinship between BJ and BN is 25%, with the separation time being 3193 years ago (calculated in 2024). The percentage of BJ and BN kinship is 34% with an estimated separation time for these two languages being 2486 years ago. Then, BJ and BN have a kinship percentage of 29%, with an estimated separation time between these two languages being 2852 years ago. Based on the percentage of kinship, these three languages can be classified into the family group of One Family (Stock). Keywords: lexicostatistic, glottochronology, Javanese, Nias, Tobanese

Ecologising Invited and Uninvited Patient Participation in Russia.

Public participation can be both supported and limited by decision-makers. Therefore, citizens either participate in top-down approved formats or have to turn towards subversion. These different participation practices, called invited and uninvited, are often treated by researchers as mutually exclusive. In this article, we present the case of patient organisations' involvement in various state-controlled deliberation bodies in Russia, which does not fit into a smooth binary distinction of the patient participation practice. Instead, identified patient participation practices combine interaction approved by gatekeepers with interaction, which are subversive and grassroots-initiated. Conceptually, it means that invited and uninvited participation can be better understood as intertwined ecologies. The article is based on a qualitative ethnographic study, which includes participatory observations of the meetings of state-controlled public participation bodies, such as public councils, 51semi-structured interviews with members of these bodies and an analysis of the relevant policy and methodological documents. Informed consent to record and transcribe all interviews was obtained. Thematic analysis has been used to produce the results. Russian patient organisationsoften work informally and independently of state-approved practices expected from them. Some subversive practices happen outside official meetings, others become widely used best practices and others remain everyday mundane interactions, which contribute to the maintenance of the independence of patient organisations against otherwise dominating and nondemocratic state actors. The ecologising approach to patient participation, which interprets invited and uninvited practices as interconnected, has better explanatory power for cases in which citizens maintain independence despite all limitations associated with authoritarian settings. Conceptualising invited and uninvited practices as situations, or separate time- and space-bound events, is a helpful theoretical framework for understanding diverse and seemingly contradictory public participation practices. Research participants communicated amendments to the initial research framework to incorporate their needs. Repeated interviews allowed triangulation of preliminary findings with research participants. The article is co-authored with the patient organisation representative, who has contributed directly to data analysis and presentation.

Tonsillar healing membrane characteristic for tonsillectomy using combined cold dissection and bipolar electrocautery

PurposeTo evaluate post-tonsillectomy healing process using combined cold dissection and bipolar cautery for hemostasis.MethodsThis case series included patients for whom tonsillectomy was done by cold dissection and limited the bipolar cautery for hemostasis and dealing with the lower pole only. Saline irrigation was used for the tonsillar bed after tonsillectomy and a wet saline-moistened pack was placed into the tonsil fossa. Intra-oral digital photographs were reviewed postoperative, at 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 11th, 13th, 15th, and 21st day after surgery. Patients were asked to register their postoperative pain using a standardized visual analog scale. The time of separation of the healing membrane (HM) and any blood clot and/or bleeding surface were recorded.ResultsAmong included 114 patients, the HM color was white without odor in all cases. Extension of the HM was limited to the tonsillar bed in 112 patients (98%) and exceeded in 2 patients (2%). The mean time for HM separation was 8.8 ± 1.1 days (range = 7–14) with a significantly longer period of separation in females (p = 0.0008). There was no significant correlation between the time of the HM separation and the age of the patients (P = 0.9).ConclusionCold dissection tonsillectomy with limited hot tools usage for hemostasis by bipolar cautery with frequent saline wash leads to odorless HM and a good healing process with an average separation of the HM and so less pain and post-tonsillectomy bleeding.

A new model with uniform damping force for frictionless impacts with non-permanent deformation at the time of separation

A new model with uniform damping force for frictionless impacts with non-permanent deformation at the time of separation

Stability Analysis of Pure Oil-Water Emulsion in Gravity-Based Separators

Abstract The purpose of this work is to investigate the stability of pure (emulsifier-free) oil-water emulsion in a gravity-based separator as a function of various parameters such as mixing speed, water volume concentration, temperature, and appearance. Only simple fluids (ExxsolTMD110 and distilled water) were used to form the dispersion in a separator of operational volume 200 ml and internal diameter of 60 mm. Data were gathered from a portable dispersion characterization rig where videos of liquid phase separation can be saved and scanned. The study considered a wide range of mixing speeds between 600 rpm and 2500 rpm, with elevated temperatures of 60 °C and 80 °C. Both types (oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/O)) of pure emulsion were studied. In addition, two volumetric water concentrations (WCs) were considered for each type to investigate its stability under the parameters tested (i.e., 25% and 50% WC for W/O emulsion and 75% and 90% WC for O/W emulsion). The stability of the emulsion was examined in terms of the separation profiles of the water and oil phase, oil/water mixture volume, initiation time of free phase separation and/or the final time of separation. Mixing speed was shown to drastically impact the stability of O/W emulsion, from a few minutes to over 4 h. Conversely, insignificant effects of mixing speed were seen for W/O emulsion as the emulsions overall separated in a few seconds. Although temperature accelerated the oil separation rates of 75% WC emulsions, it delayed the initiation time of water separation.

Caution Regarding ChatGPT's Appropriateness and Reliability Regarding Surgery for Wrist Arthritis.

Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT), an artificial intelligence (AI) program, is widely used for information compilation. This study sought to analyze the quality and consistency of the information generated by ChatGPT regarding common procedures for wrist arthritis. 32 standardized questions regarding wrist osteoarthritis and related procedures (4-corner-fusion [4CF], proximal row carpectomy [PRC], resurfacing capitate pyrocarbon implant, wrist denervation, and total wrist arthrodesis and arthroplasty) were presented to the ChatGPT-3.5 interface 3 separate times, without feedback. ChatGPT's answers were evaluated for medical accuracy by 3 reviewers and rated as "appropriate," "appropriate but incomplete," or "inappropriate." Ratings were then converted to numerical values to calculate an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). A DISCERN score was used to assess quality, and Flesch-Kincade Grade Level and Flesch Reading Ease Score for readability. 75% of the responses were deemed "appropriate," with 23 questions receiving unanimous appropriate ratings across all responses. The ICC was 0.97 (95% CI [0.46, 0.98]), indicating excellent reliability. DISCERN score was 60 (good). The Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level was 14.6 ± 1.9, and the Flesch Reading Ease Score was 25.3 ± 6.7, implying a college reading level. The information that ChatGPT provided for PRC and total wrist arthrodesis and arthroplasty, appeared to be more reliable than for 4CF and denervation. ChatGPT's reliability and accuracy of information varied across procedures, possibly due to unknown and diverse sources. Furthermore, while some answers were factually correct, many provided generic information across differing questions, limiting usefulness. ChatGPT must be used cautiously and the limitations understood.

Accurate Collisional Cross Section Measurement by Multipass Cyclic Ion Mobility Spectrometry.

Ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) is a powerful analytical tool for structural characterization. IM measurement provides collision cross section (CCS) values that facilitate analyte identification. While CCS values can be directly calculated from mobility measurements obtained using drift tube ion mobility spectrometry (DT-IMS), this method has limited mobility resolution due to the practical constraints on the length of the ion drift path. Consequently, DT-IMS cannot differentiate analytes with similar mobilities or resolve fine mobility features of individual ions. Cyclic IMS (cIMS) instruments leverage a cyclic path enabled by traveling wave ion mobility (TWIM) technology and offer increased mobility solution to address this challenge. While TWIM devices must first be calibrated to enable CCS measurements, current calibration strategies are primarily tailored for single-pass analyses. This preference is partly attributed to the challenges associated with multipass calibration methods, which require both calibrants and analytes to experience the same number of passes. Achieving this consistency can be complicated due to factors like peak splitting and diffusion, and may not be feasible for online IM-MS analyses. A recent report employed average ion velocities obtained from multiple measurements under different separation pathlengths as a path length-independent metric for CCS calibration. However, the ability to exploit this averaging approach is limited by observed variation in ion drift time/velocity in these measurements. In this study, we introduce a novel calibration strategy designed for multipass cIMS analyses, directly targeting the root cause for the path length- and mobility-dependent variations in ion drift time. With this method, we demonstrate that CCS values derived from multipass measurements closely align with those obtained from single-pass analyses, with an average deviation of 0.1%. We apply this method to characterize four isomeric trisaccharides. Our approach not only results in excellent agreement between our measured cIMSCCS values and the reported DTCCS values, with an average difference of only 0.5%, but also allows us to effectively identify subtle mobility characteristics of each compound and determine their respective CCS values. This level of detail and accuracy was previously unattainable using DT-IMS or single-pass cIMS measurements. We developed an algorithm for reconstructing arrival time distribution in cases where wrap-around has resulted in peak splitting. Collectively, the new calibration strategy and the reconstruction procedure maintain reproducibility and precision in CCS measurements while largely eliminating the need for meticulous selection of separation times. We expect that our method will empower researchers to harness the high mobility resolution offered by multipass cIMS analyses without compromising the accuracy of CCS measurement, making it appropriate for straightforward use across a wide range of applications.

Short Option Maturity Term Structures of Skewness and Excess Kurtosis*

Absolute skewness and excess kurtosis are observed to increase with maturity for short maturity options in contrast to the result for the longer maturities. Lévy and Sato processes are not consistent with this behaviour. Neither are additive processes obtained by arbitrary time changes and space scalings applied to an underlying Lévy process. Additive processes with bilateral gamma marginals along with separate space scalings and time changes applied to the up and down moves are observed to deliver such term structures. The two sided CGMY model with infinite variation on the up side and finite variation down deliver term structure results qualitatively similar to that of the raw data on skewness and excess kurtosis. However, this model falls short in the quantitative magnitudes for maturity elasticities of absolute skewness and excess kurtosis.

Post‐separation parental conflict and father–child physical contact: A bidirectional study

AbstractThe first goal of this longitudinal study was to examine the strength and direction of the relations between post‐separation parental conflict (PSPC) and father–child physical contact, as reported by the mother, at the time of separation (Time 1) and in the following 2 years (Time 2). A cross‐lagged panel model was conducted with a sample of 198 parents of children from 3 to 8 years old at the time of separation. The results indicated that PSPC at Time 1 predicted a lower frequency of father–child physical contact at Time 2, whereas the inverse relationship was not found. The strength and direction of the relations did not vary as a function of the level of the moderators. The results help us to identify priority targets in the development of policies and treatment programs for separated families.

Associations between left-behind children’s characteristics and psychological symptoms: a cross-sectional study from China

BackgroundParent-child separation poses a significant challenge for left-behind children (LBC). However, limited empirical evidence exists regarding the correlation between left-behind characteristics and the psychological symptoms of LBC. This study investigated psychological symptoms among LBC and explored associations between left-behind characteristics and those symptoms.MethodsUsing stratified cluster sampling, 1,832 LBC aged 13–18 years from three cities in East China were selected for analysis. Participants’ depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 and the General Anxiety Disorder 7, respectively. Chi-square tests were used to compare differences in detection rates of psychological symptoms among LBC in different groups. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to infer associations between left-behind characteristics and psychological symptoms.ResultsDepression and anxiety symptoms were detected in 32.86% and 33.24%, respectively, of participating LBC. Univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences in detection rates of depression symptoms by sex, grade, and timing of parent-child separation. Statistically significant differences were observed in anxiety symptom rates by sex, grade, type of caregiver, and timing of mother-child separation. Multivariate analysis indicated a positive association between LBC’s anxiety symptoms and mother-child separation that occurred during post-primary school, and type of caregiver (father only or mother only). Our findings confirm a positive association between left-behind characteristics and anxiety symptoms among LBC.ConclusionThe timing of mother-child separation and type of caregiver are potential risk factors for the development of anxiety symptoms in this population.

Design and application of coal gangue sorting system based on deep learning

With the advancement of science and technology, coal-washing plants are transitioning to intelligent, information-based, and professional sorting systems. This shift accelerates the construction a modern economic system characterized by green and low-carbon development, thereby promoting the high-quality advancement of the coal industry. Traditional manual gangue picking and multi-axis robotic arm gangue selection currently suffer from low recognition accuracy, slow sorting efficiency, and high worker labor intensity. This paper proposes a deep learning-based, non-contact gangue recognition and pneumatic intelligent sorting system. The system constructs a dynamic database containing key feature information such as the target gangue's contour, quality, and center of mass. The system elucidates the relationships between ejection speed, mass, volume, angle of incidence, and the impact energy matching mechanism. Demonstration experiments using the system prototype for coal gangue sorting reveal that, compared to existing robotic arm sorting methods in coal washing plants, this system achieves a gangue identification accuracy exceeding 97%, a sorting rate above 91%, and a separation time of less than 3 s from identification to separation, thereby effectively enhancing raw coal purity.

Singular Spectrum Analysis of Exoplanetary Transits

Transit photometry is currently the most efficient and sensitive method for detecting extrasolar planets (exoplanets) and a large majority of confirmed exoplanets have been detected with this method. The substantial success of space-based missions such as NASA’s Kepler/K2 and Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite has generated a large and diverse sample of confirmed and candidate exoplanets. Singular spectrum analysis (SSA) provides a useful tool for studying photometric time series and exoplanetary transits. SSA is a technique for decomposing a time series into a sum of its main components, where each component is a separate time series that incorporates specific information from the behavior of the initial time series. SSA can be implemented for extracting important information (such as main trends and signals) from the photometry data or reducing the noise factors. The detectability and accurate characterization of an exoplanetary transit signal is principally determined by its signal-to-noise ratio (S/N). Stellar variability of the host star, small planet to star radius ratio, background noises from other sources in the field of observations and instrumental noise can cause lower S/Ns and consequently, more complexities or inaccuracies in the modeling of the transit signals, which in turn leads to the inaccurate inference of the astrophysical parameters of the planetary object. Therefore, implementing SSA leads to a more accurate characterization of exoplanetary transits and is also capable of detecting transits with low S/Ns (S/N < 10). In this paper, after discussing the principles and properties of SSA, we investigate its applications for studying photometric transit data and detecting low S/N exoplanet candidates.

A hybrid scatter search method for solving fuzzy no-wait flow-shop scheduling problems

The literature published since the year 2000 was reviewed regarding the no-wait flow-shop scheduling (No-WFSS) problem. The No-WFSS problem with separate set-up times and fuzzy due dates is addressed to maximize the customer satisfaction index. A scatter search algorithm (SSA) is proposed, hybridized by some operators. The proposed SSA was first used for solving the considered fuzzy no-wait flow-shop scheduling with set-up time (FNo-WFSSWST) problem. Parameters were calibrated using 192 No-WFSS benchmark instances. The proposed SSA was compared with the genetic heuristic, adaptive learning approach, and hybrid ant colony optimization methods from the literature, showing significant performance improvements. It is concluded that the proposed algorithm is an efficient method for solving FNo-WFSSWST problems.

Complexities of midwifery care delivered to perinatal women in prison: A qualitative study

PurposeTo provide insight into the challenges faced by imprisoned perinatal women in accessing appropriate information, support, and care and the importance of the midwife's role in this context. MethodThis paper draws on two studies conducted in one United Kingdom (UK) women's prison over two separate time points (2019, 2021). In both qualitative evaluative studies that were descriptive in nature, semi-structured interviews were conducted with perinatal women and professionals involved in their care. Participants17 women participated across the two qualitative studies, six were pregnant, nine were on the Mother and Baby Unit (MBU) and two had given birth in the last 12 months but were not on the MBU. 12 professionals participated across the two studies. ResultsThe studies highlight the specific challenges that perinatal women in prison face compared to their community counterparts in being able to access reliable information on pregnancy, birth, and parenting; having access to appropriate and reliable peer support and mental health support not only in terms of provision but also in terms of accessibility; and in being able to advocate for themselves or having people that can advocate for them. ConclusionThese challenges arguably heighten the importance of, as well as the pressure on the midwife in this context. The authors therefore highlight the need for consideration of three factors for midwifery in this context: (1) Resourcing (2) Information provision to, and information sharing between, midwives to increase awareness of challenges faced by this cohort, and (3) Strengthening the midwife's position to support and advocate for women's perinatal mental health in prison.

Constructing regulatory regimes for sustainable development: commitment to resolve, clarity, and reasonableness

ABSTRACT To be effective, a regulatory regime for sustainable development must demonstrate to the regulated entities its resolve to attain regulatory goals while avoiding an arbitrary exercise of authority. Yet many developing countries lack the robust political-administrative institutions to construct and maintain such regimes. The environmental reform in Guangdong, China, shows how, with underdeveloped formal political-administrative institutions, the regulatory regime must demonstrate commitment acts, including transparent enforcement, compliance benchmarking, expectation pacing, and third-party enforcement. These acts help, over time, to maintain enterprises’ perceptions of the regulatory regime’s resolve, clarity, and reasonableness. By analyzing primary data from extensive fieldwork and survey observations conducted at two separate times, we show that enterprises are more likely to adopt environmental management measures if they perceive higher regulatory resolve, clarity, and reasonableness. Their assurance needs vary at different stages of regime development. Establishing clear expectations matters at an earlier stage when regulatory goals are new and expectations relatively lax. Yet, as expectations become more stringent, maintaining reasonableness becomes essential. In both stages, a perception of resoluteness in enforcement matters.

A chemical-free magnetophoretic approach for recovering magnetic particles in microalgae removal through magnetic separation

Magnetic separation can swiftly remove many substances (e.g., biomolecules, cells, and viruses) from water. In algal bloom mitigation and biomass dehydration, magnetic particles (MPs) with proper surface modifications could effectively attract and remove algae from the impaired water body. It has long been expected to recover and reuse magnetic nanoparticles or particles to reduce the algal removal cost and potential adverse effects on the environment. This study evaluated the use of a tunable magnetic field to remove algae using functionalized MPs coated with polymers: polyethyleneimine (PEI), chitosan (CTS), and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), whose recovery and reuse were examined. The results show that PEI-coated MPs and CTS-coated MPs at the coating density of 2.3 g-cationic polymers·g-MPs−1 achieved higher removal efficiencies of 88.61 ± 9.12% and 73.19 ± 0.37%, respectively, toward a model algal cell (i.e., Scenedesmus obliquus) within a 5-min separation time. In contrast, CTAB-coated MPs and pristine MPs exhibited lower removal efficiencies (47.46 ± 0.3% and 52.69 ± 0.44%, respectively). Furthermore, the removal efficiency of PEI-coated MPs was further improved to over 95% under pH 7, the highest magnetic field of 40 mT, and algogenic organic matter-free conditions. Adsorption kinetics and isotherm analysis revealed that chemical and physical interactions drive the adsorption of a monolayer of algal cells on the surface of magnetic particles. Atomic force microscopy and quartz crystal microbalance confirmed a strong adhesion force and rate between functionalized MPs and algae, which affect both algal removal efficiency and MPs recovery from algae-MPs aggregates. The extended Derjaguin−Landau−Verwey−Overbeek (EDLVO) theory predicted a strong attractive force between algae and cationic polymer-coated MPs, which supported the enhanced algal removal. Finally, almost 99% of the four MPs could be recovered from separated algae-MPs aggregates within 30 s under the strong magnetic field and exhibited excellent magnetic responsiveness and reusability in further separation cycles. This study establishes a foundation for coagulant-free algae removal and enables the potential sustainable separation processes.

Assessing the functional and physicochemical properties of chia seed mucilage extracted using an innovative extraction method

Chia seed mucilage (CSM) is a novel, eco-green, and sustainable edible hydrocolloid derived from chia, offering a promising alternative to commercial hydrocolloids. This study explores the application of centrifugal force and drying methods to compare the techno-functionalities of CSM obtained through a novel, faster, and scalable extraction approach as opposed to traditional methods. Liquid mucilage extracted using a modified cream separator is subjected to freeze-drying (CSMF) and oven-drying (CSMO). The efficiency of this innovative extraction method is compared to the traditional dry fractionation approach, known for its complexity and time consumption. Remarkably, the modified unit significantly (p<0.05) reduces mucilage separation time (4.06 ± 1.28 min), opening doors for future commercialization. CSMF obtained through cream separator and freeze-drying, exhibits superior colour properties. Additionally, it demonstrates superior performance compared to the traditional approach in terms of functional properties such as water-holding capacity (WHC), solubility, and particle size. Furthermore, the advantages of the faster extraction approach are reinforced through charge analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared spectra (FTIR), thermal transitions, and rheological properties. The microstructure analysis of CSM highlights the influence of drying techniques on its morphology. This study not only introduces a novel method for mucilage extraction but also validates the findings through comparison with existing literature on CSM.

Exploring the impact of abusive supervision on employee approaches to managing service errors and failures: Examining the effects of hope and optimism, and service tenure

Drawing from the conservation of resources (COR) theory, the current study posits that leadership in the form of abusive supervision will be more detrimental to subordinates' hope and optimism, due to the loss of accumulated resources for those who have increased service tenure, thereby lowering their ability to alleviate and successfully manage service failures/errors. Using convenience sampling, 174 hotel frontline employees from Istanbul, Turkey, completed survey questionnaires in two separate time waves. Results from SmartPLS indicate that abusive supervision has a significant and adverse association with employees’ hope and optimism. Additionally, the relationship between abusive supervision and employees’ hope and optimism is moderated by service tenure, such that the negative relationship is more profound for those with increased service tenure. Finally, hope and optimism mediate the relationship between abusive supervision and two behaviors for handling service errors/failures (i.e., service recovery performance and error reporting). This study concludes by discussing theoretical and practical implications.