Times Of Recession Research Articles

Challenges and opportunities for the future of recreational boat scrapping: The Spanish case

Recreational boating is a leisure and sports activity that has aroused growing interest among users, tourists, and the general public. However, in the last decade, a problem has arisen concerning the abandonment of recreational boats. It is a problem that has become even more acute in times of economic recession. It is, therefore, necessary to find an urgent solution in order to reduce potential environmental risks. This work aims to analyze the state of the question through bibliometrics to know which topics are trending and contrast these findings with a Delphi analysis. The main results focus on the need for greater agility in the court adjudication process and the need for a specific legal framework for the scrapping of recreational craft. In conclusion, it is vital to integrate the circular economy into shipbuilding and scrapping processes to ensure the sustainability of the sector and the environment.

Pollution Abatement Strategy and the Dichotomy of “Green” Versus “Non-green” Products: A New Analytical Insight

This paper shows how a strategy of reducing greenhouse gas emissions combined with economic cycles can lead to particular consumption behaviours. We are assuming the existence of an “economic” demand for “non-green” goods and a “social” demand for “green” goods. We are also assuming the existence of a dispersion of household characteristics organised around an average profile in each class. In times of sustained economic recession, incomes of individual agents fall. Therefore, the budgetary constraint becomes stronger, and falling incomes will have a negative impact on the demand for “green” goods. Consumers with higher incomes will reduce their demand for “green” goods, creating pressure on prices and quantities. As consumers abandon the “green” goods market, they will switch to the “non-green” goods market, especially as prices are lower there, which will stimulate demand and create a new upward pressure on the demand for “non-green” goods.

Performance evaluation of furrow irrigation water management practice under Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate condition, in Central Ethiopia

Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate (WSSE) is one of the large-scale irrigation schemes in Ethiopia which was established in 1951. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of current furrow irrigation water management practices of WSSE. Performance evaluation of the current furrow irrigation was evaluated based on field experiment and the WinSRFR model. For this purpose, ten fields were selected from commonly used furrow lengths (32, 48, and 64 m). Application efficiency, distribution uniformity, and deep percolation performance indicators were used for evaluation. The performance of furrow irrigation showed poor performance, and as an improvement option, inflow rate and cutoff time were altered keeping furrow geometry constant. Advance and recession times for all furrow lengths were recorded and simulated using the WinSRFR model to obtain an accurate cutoff time of irrigation. The result obtained showed that the time allocated for all furrow lengths was not accurately determined. As an improvement option, both inflow rate and cutoff time changed and the performance of furrow irrigation significantly improved. By changing those decision variables, application efficacy and deep percolation performance indicators were significantly improved but distribution uniformity was not changed. In almost all statistical indices used, predicted performances by model were better than computed values in the existing situation. From the current result, it can be concluded that the inflow rate and cutoff time should be changed to attain good performance and increase furrow irrigation efficiency.

Breeding Ecology of the Snow Partridge (Lerwa lerwa) in High-Altitude Regions, Tibet

To explore the environmental adaptation strategies of high-altitude breeding birds to alpine regions, we studied the breeding ecology of the Snow Partridge (Lerwa lerwa) in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Incubation behavior was determined using data loggers in Basu County (2018) and Cuona County (2019), in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China. We monitored seven Snow Partridge nests; clutch sizes ranged from 4–5 eggs per nest (mean=4.71±0.45 eggs, N=7), egg mass ranged from 28.1–37.7 g (mean=31.1±2.5 g, N=28), and the hatching success rate was 87.9% (N=33 eggs, six nests hatched successfully, and one nest suffered a predator attack). Nesting females typically took 1–4 recesses each day (mean=1.8±0.7, N=39 days). In five females, the first daily recess occurred at 0601 to 0709 (mean=0626±16 min, N=39 days) and the duration ranged from 60 min to 615 min (mean=179±102 min, N=39 days). The average nest attendance was 85.6±5.9% (75.9–92.8%, N=6 nests). Compared with other Galliformes, Snow Partridges lay larger eggs and smaller clutches, leave their nests fewer times per day but with a lower nest attendance, and a bimodal pattern of recess timing. Additionally, Snow Partridges build cave nest structures. These characteristics are highly adapted to the alpine region of the Tibetan Plateau and balance the thermal needs of the developing embryos and the self-maintenance needs of the incubating females.

Tannic Acid Modified Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube/Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Thin Films for UV/Visible Semitransparent Photodiode‐Type Photodetectors

AbstractFlexible electronic devices have received significant attention in recent years as a result of their flexibility and portability. Carbon nanotube (CNT) films could serve as a promising material for photodetection because of their broad absorption spectral coverage. In this research, vertical ultraviolet (UV) to visible (UV/Vis) detectors based on tannic acid functionalized carbon nanotube/zinc oxide (TCNT/ZnO) heterojunctions were prepared by a simple spraying method. The TCNT electrode had excellent photoelectric properties with a sheet resistance of 40.6 Ω/sq and transmittance of 80.4 % at 550 nm, and the resulting TCNT/ZnO device could achieve photocurrent of 3.0 mA at 360 nm in the UV range, a recession time of 8.05 s, photoresponsivity of 7.12 A/W, and detectivity of 25.2×1011 Jones. As a comparison, for the pure CNT electrode with a sheet resistance of 45.5 Ω/sq and transmittance of 79.6 % at 550 nm, the CNT/ZnO photocurrent was only 0.6 mA at 360 nm, with a recession time of 17.25 s, photoresponsivity of 1.00 A/W, and detectivity of 3.4×1011 Jones. The prepared device was also able to operate stably after 1000 mechanical bending tests and maintained more than 95 % detectivity, providing a feasible path for the generation of carbon nanotube based photodetector devices.

Does the yield curve signal recessions? New evidence from an international panel data analysis

In this paper, we reexamine the predictive power of the yield spread across countries and over time. Using a dynamic panel/dichotomous model framework and a unique dataset covering 13 OECD countries over the period 1975–2019, we empirically show that the yield spread signals recessions. This result is robust to different econometric specifications, controlling for recession risk factors and time sampling. Using a new cluster analysis methodology, we present empirical evidence of a partial homogeneity of the predictive power of the yield spread. Our results provide a valuable framework for monitoring economic cycles.

КАПІТАЛЬНІ ІНВЕСТИЦІЇ ТА РОЛЬ ДЕРЖАВИ В РОЗВИТКУ АГРОПРОМИСЛОВОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ УКРАЇНИ

The article proves that in the modern period of management, any economic activity is associated with cyclical dynamics, which is directly related to investment activity. Therefore, one of the tasks of the state regulatory policy is to stimulate the economy in times of recession not only through government spending but also investment in priority areas. Given that, we should understand that the agro-industrial enterprises play a key role in the economic development of the state, so the urgent task is to assess capital investment in the agro-industrial complex, and determine the role of the state in investing. Based on the analysis of scientific literature sources, it was determined that the role of the state in this process, from the standpoint of regulatory activity, according to the authors is to conduct quality economic and socio-political reforms that will overcome market monopolization, shadow economy, corruption, judicial and law enforcement systems. Regarding the agro-industrial complex, it is necessary to take measures to stop agrarian raiding, development of agricultural infrastructure, state support of farms, etc. According to the results of the analysis, it was concluded that in 2019 at the enterprises of agro-industrial complex, in contrast to the whole economy, were a in a significant reduction in funding for capital expenditures. In the long run, this may lead to cyclical fluctuations in the industry, which is undesirable. The scientific novelty of this work is the further development of the methodology for assessing the investment of enterprises of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine on the basis of intersectional comparative analysis, which in contrast to the existing substantiate the priorities of state support of enterprises of main and auxiliary activities.

شبکات التواصل الاجتماعی بمحافظة السویس دراسة فی جغرافیة الاتصالات

أصبحت شبکات الاتصال الرکيزة الأساسية للتنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية لما تتضمنه من توفير بعدين مهمين في الحياة: هما البعد المکاني والزماني، وأثرهما الواضح في التنمية. وجغرافية الاتصالات من المجالات الحديثة نسبيا في مجال الجغرافيا، حيث تهتم بدراسة الأفکار والمعلومات سواء المکتوبة أو المسموعة أو المرئية، في حين تهتم جغرافية النقل بدراسة السلع والمواد والأشخاص. وهذه الدراسة التطبيقية تستهدف دراسة أهمية شبکات التواصل الاجتماعي في محافظة السويس مع دراسة التقويم الجغرافي القائم لشبکات التواصل الاجتماعي في ضوء العوامل الجغرافية المؤثرة، ومستويات رضا السکان عن شبکات التواصل الاجتماعي، والتعرف على الجوانب الإيجابية والسلبية وصولا إلي تخطيط مستقبلي أفضل لشبکات التواصل الاجتماعي. وتتناول الدراسة تطور شبکات التواصل الاجتماعي بالمحافظة, مع دراسة العوامل الجغرافية المؤثـرة في شبکات التواصل الاجتماعي, ودراسـة تطـور الشبکة وأهم المواقع المستخدمة بالمحافظة ودرجة التفاعل المکاني للشبکة، وکثافة الشبکة وسرعتها، ودراسة المستهلکين من حيث أهمية الشبکة، ووقت الذروة والرکود للمستهلک، وتکلفة الإنترنت المستخدمة في شبکات التواصل الاجتماعي مع الإشارة إلى خصائص مستخدمي الشبکة الاجتماعية والاقتصادية مع دراسة حجم حرکة الاتصالات بشبکات التواصل الاجتماعي بمحافظة السويس, وخلصت الدراسة إلى التخطيط المستقبلي لشبکات التواصل الاجتماعي لأهميتها بمحافظة السويس. وأخيرا خلصت الدراسة الى أهم التوصيات ومن أهمها تبنى الدولة لدراسات ومشاريع بحثية لمعرفة الآثار الاقتصادية والصحية والاجتماعية لشبکات التواصل الاجتماعي للتقليل من أخطاره، والعمل على ترشيد استخدامه حتى لا يؤثر في ميزانية الأسرة مع تشجيع استخدام شبکات التواصل الاجتماعي في المجالات التجارية والعلمية والسياحية بالمحافظة. Abstract Communication networks have become the basic pillar of economic and social development, as they provide two important dimensions in life: the spatial and temporal dimension, and their clear impact on development. And the geography of communications is one of the relatively modern fields in the field of geography, as it is concerned with studying ideas and information, whether written, audio or visual, while the geography of transport is concerned with the study of goods, materials and people. This applied study aims to study the importance of social media networks in the Suez Governorate, while studying the existing geographic evaluation of social networks in light of the influencing geographical factors, and the levels of population satisfaction with social networks, and identifying the positive and negative aspects, in order to reach better future planning for social networks. The study deals with the development of social networks in the governorate, with a study of geographical factors affecting social networks, a study of network development and the most important sites used in the governorate, the degree of spatial interaction of the network, network density and speed, consumers study in terms of network importance, consumer peak and recession time, and the cost of the Internet used in Social networks, with reference to the characteristics of social and economic network users, with a study of the volume of communication traffic in social networks in Suez Governorate. The study concluded with the future planning of social networks for their importance in Suez Governorate. Finally, the study concluded with the most important recommendations.

Entrepreneurial intentions in times of economic recession: the dual role of environment

Although intentions are considered the most frequently used predictor of entrepreneurial action, little is known about how such intentions are formed under adverse environmental conditions. Given that the disruption of economic activities has become the new normal for business, understanding the influence of a severely resource-poor context on the intention to initiate a new venture is important. Addressing the above concern, the present study explores the impact of the economic recession on entrepreneurial intentions. Drawing upon the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and applying the structural equation modelling design to a sample of 618 university graduates in Greece, we show that recession plays a dual role: it negatively affects subjective norms and self-efficacy while also moderating the attitudes-intention relationship. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

Entrepreneurial intentions in times of economic recession: the dual role of environment

Entrepreneurial intentions in times of economic recession: the dual role of environment

BUSINESS RISK IN TIMES OF ECONOMIC RECESSION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

The issue of business risk in times of recession or growth is very topical in these times. The Czech Republic and its neighboring countries are currently struggling with the economic problems caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The aim of the paper is to analyze the number of insolvency petitions in the Czech Republic from the years 2010–2020 and to compare them with each other. The data source are data from publicly available resources from the Creditreform group and also from the CRIF database of the Cribis platform. First were created tables for the Agriculture and Forestry, Manufacturing, Construction and Transport sectors. Data for the relevant years were added to them from the aforementioned resources. Then was created a line chart for each industry. Using time series analysis and comparison, we analyze and compare the development of insolvencies. At the same time, we use causal analysis to find out why there were high numbers of insolvencies in the given years. We are also looking at which sectors were hit hardest during the insolvency crisis, when they were hit hardest, how they did in times of economic growth and how they should adapt to the next possible crisis. During the Great Recession, the construction sector was hit the hardest, and then the transport sector also suffered greatly. The largest numbers of insolvencies can be observed in 2012. At a time of economic growth, which began in 2014, the numbers of insolvencies fell in all sectors analyzed, but mostly in agriculture and forestry and transport. Businesses in the sectors analyzed can adapt to the next crisis by creating larger cash reserves or changing, for example, crop production or transport by temporarily reducing fares to attract new customers. We see the benefit of this work in the analysis of the number of insolvencies in the given sectors, which has not been recorded in almost any academic papers. We also see a benefit in determining the conditions for how companies can prevent another crisis.

Seeking Incentives for a Successful Second and third Business Opportunity after Bankruptcy in Times of Recession

In the years of the financial and sovereign debt crisis in Greece, many viable businesses that are facing financial difficulties are led to liquidation rather than timely restructuring, with very few entrepreneurs having a second chance. This corporate failure faced by Greek companies in recent years may have been caused by either endogenous or exogenous factors or a combination of these two. In this paper we investigate the factors (economic, social and political) that will help to facilitate entrepreneurs' access to a second and third opportunity, taking also into account socially vulnerable groups such as disabled people and women entrepreneurs. Moreover, we try to find the characteristics that would encourage honest bankrupt entrepreneurs to a second business venture and the sectors where a second chance may have increased chances of sustainability in Greece. The aim of our research is to lead Greece to higher levels of self-employment, reduction in unemployment, and exit from the crisis.

Generation Y students' purchase behaviour towards organic foods in South Africa

Objective - The primary objective of this study is to identify and explain the antecedents of organic food purchase behaviour of Generation Y students in the South African context. This study aimed to shed some light on Generation Ystudents' health consciousness, perceived behaviour control, convenience, attitudes, purchase intentions, and actual buying behaviourtoward organic food products. The study also attempted to determine the underlying strengths and relationships between the constructs used in the measurement scale. Lastly, gender relationships were investigated to determine if any differences existed between males and females in terms of their organic food product purchases. Methodology/Technique - This research study employed a descriptive, non-probability, convenience sampling design. The intended target population was full-time registered undergraduate Generation Y students aged between 18 and 24 years. The sample size was 200 students based across the four faculties within the chosen higher education institution, namely the Faculty of Management Sciences, the Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences, the Faculty of Engineering, and the Faculty of Human Sciences. The 200 self-administered questionnaires were distributed during recess times as to not to disrupt any learning time. The questionnaire contained a cover letter explaining the purpose of the study and that participation in the study was completely voluntary. Findings - The measurement scale displayed adequate reliability and validity for all constructs. Furthermore, all constructs had statistically significant positive means, indicating that Generation Y students are health-conscious, care for the opinions of friends and family, display pro-organic attitudes, intentions, and behaviour. Results from this study indicate that there is a need for food organizations to consider implementing organic-based products in their product offerings within the South African market. Novelty - Investigation oforganic food product purchase behaviouramong South African Generation Y students (Consumer behaviour). Type of Paper - Empirical Keywords: Organic Foods; Purchase Behaviour; Generation Y, South Africa. JEL Classification: M31, M39.

How much does state aid mitigate employment losses? Local policy effects at a time of economic crisis

ABSTRACT We evaluate the effectiveness of the most extensive experiment of income redistribution, that is, the European Union regional policy, at a time of economic crisis. By exploiting geographical discontinuities in fund eligibility, we analyse comprehensive data on all publicly funded Italian projects at the municipality level. We find a positive impact of localized support to firms with a sizable increase in employment and the number of plants in intensively treated areas. The result is an important policy lesson concerning the effects of place-based policies at a time of a long-lasting recession, such as that engendered by the Covid-19 crisis.

Hydrologic modeling by means of a hybrid downscaling approach: an application to the Sai Gon–Dong Nai Rivers Basin

Abstract The spatial and temporal availability and reliability of hydrological data are substantial contributions to the accuracy of watershed modeling; unfortunately, such data requirements are challenging and perhaps impossible in many regions of the world. In this study, hydrological conditions are simulated using the hydrologic model-WEHY, whose data input are obtained from a hybrid downscaling technique to provide reliable and high temporal and spatial resolution hydrological data. The hybrid downscaling technique is coupled to a hydroclimate and machine learning models; wherein the global atmospheric reanalysis data, including ERA-Interim, ERA-20C, and CFSR are used for initial and boundary conditions of dynamical downscaling utilizing the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF). The machine learning model (ANN) then follows to further downscale the WRF outputs to a finer resolution over the studied watershed. An application of the combination of mentioned techniques is applied to the third-largest river basin in Vietnam, the Sai Gon–Dong Nai Rivers Basin. The validation of hybrid model is in the ‘satisfactory’ range. After the estimation of geomorphology and land cover within the watershed, WEHY's calibration and validation are performed based on observed rainfall data. The simulation results matched well with flow observation data with respect to magnitude for both the rising and recession time segments. In comparison, among the three selected reanalysis data sets, the best calibration and validation results were obtained from the CFSR data set. These results are closer to the observation data than those using only the dynamic downscaling technique in combination with the WEHY model.

Flow Behavior of Boyong River as Revealed by Long-term Hydro-monitoring System

Boyong River is one of many rivers originating from Mt. Merapi, flows across three autonomy administrative of Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta City, and Bantul Regency. The river experiences flood in the form of lava flow several times, and the 1994 and 2010 occurrences were considered the biggest ones along with the river history. In line with the rapid development of information and communication technology, efforts to develop the early warning system due to the Mt. Merapi disaster have been implemented by the Hydraulic Laboratory of Gadjah Mada University 2006. This paper presents the study results of Boyong River flow behavior by analyzing the data obtained from the monitoring system. The Gemawang Weir at Boyong River was selected as the river control point understudy; those include the catchment boundary, the catchment characteristics, and the hydraulic features. Monitoring equipment consists of an automatic water level recorder (AWLR), the flow visualization using a Brinno camera, and the hydrophone monitoring system. The flow hydrograph characteristics and its corresponding sediment transport rate are considered two parameters for identifying the flow behavior. The results show that the precursive and recession times of the flood hydrograph are about 1-3 hours and 3.5-5 hours, respectively.

Evaluation of European Deposit Insurance Scheme funding based on risk analysis

We carry out a quantitative analysis of the financing measures proposed for the European Deposit Insurance Scheme (EDIS) regarding the target level of the fund and the contribution scheme of member entities. We estimate the loss distribution of the EDIS considering different sources of systemic risk associated with the correlations between bank assets and we analyse the sensitivity of the results to bank portfolio risk. Our findings show how the interconnection between banks of different countries has an important influence on accumulated losses in the tail of the distribution. Likewise deterioration in the quality of bank portfolios produces a significant reduction in the fund's loss-absorbing capacity, which calls into question its soundness in times of economic recession. Finally, the contribution scheme provides more equitable risk measures and may be an appropriate incentive to reduce moral hazard in the Banking Union.

Prediction of Streamflow Recession Curves in Gauged and Ungauged Basins

AbstractPrediction of the time for perennial outflow from a natural basin to recede from the mean to some low flow value is an important practical and difficult problem in water resource management. This study aims to gain further understanding of this complex problem and to put forward new practical and accurate methods for predicting flow recessions between nominated limits in both gauged and ungauged basins. For a gauged basin, a three parameter recession model is employed to estimate the recession time, from day‐to‐day, as flow recedes from mean flow using previously measured site recession curves and a library of recession curve shapes generated by the RObust Parameter Estimation algorithm. The model is tested using data from 10 New Zealand basins which are diverse in low flow hydrological behavior and yields a Median Absolute Error (MAE) of 1 day. Another new model is also developed to predict recession time in an ungauged basin using catchment characteristics and information from master recession curves in a suite of 10 reference basins geologically and hydrologically similar to the ungauged basin, as assessed by a Random Forest model. Model performance is robust with a MAE of 1 day and the models advance the use of past flow records to enable more accurate predictions to be obtained. They can be applied elsewhere with confidence although further testing is desirable.

Usefulness and expectations on skills development and entrepreneurship among women of low socioeconomic status in Ogun State, Nigeria.

The acquisition of vocational training skills and entrepreneurial know-how is acknowledged as an added advantage and a safety net to navigate poverty, especially in dwindling economic recession time and massive unemployment. This study examined the factors influencing the usefulness and perceived realization of skills development/empowerment to encourage more women's involvement in small scale businesses and promote its effect on poverty alleviation in households across Nigeria. Data collection involved a structured questionnaire and in-depth interviews conducted post-the vocational skill/empowerment training. The training was organized among Campus Keepers in a private university in Ogun State, Nigeria. Forty Campus Keepers were selected using the systematic sampling technique from a total population of 224, and 37 of the 40 selected voluntarily participated in this study. The Campus Keepers were women with low socioeconomic status who worked as cleaners on the university campus. Five of the Campus Keepers were purposively selected as key informants for the study. Results showed that respondents who had earlier knowledge and vocational skills training reported that it leads to self-employment. This view was higher for respondents who had more people in their household than those with fewer people (OR = 22.7 [CI= .56, 921.31]). The perception that the training can lead to additional income was lower for respondents who reported that either they or their spouses were sole breadwinners in their household than for those who reported that both/others/none were breadwinners (OR = .05 [CI=0, 1.2]). The odds that the skills development/empowerment training will result in perceived improved business was higher for respondents who gained more knowledge/information from the training than those who did not (OR=29.19 [CI = 1.1, 777.48]). Findings from the qualitative study suggest that key informants who participated in past training were yet to establish a profitable business of their dream fully. Governmental policy and program intervention that incorporates these findings will lead to increased participation of the target population in similar training in the future, leading to poverty alleviation towards achieving the SDGs for Nigeria.

PRE-WAR TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH INTELELCTUAL DISABILITIES IN JUVENILE HOMES FOR EDUCATION AND TRAINING BASED ON THE 1940 GOVERNMENT SURVEY AND RECORDS IN JAPA

This paper is part of a study to clarify the treatment of children with intellectual disabilities in the Homes for Juvenile Training and Education. Befor World War II, there were no legal criteria such as intelligence quotient to enter a juvenile training and education in Japan. In the National Survey by the Ministry of Health and Welfare in 1940 which was used as the subject of analysis the following two issues were given priority: First, the criteria for admission to the Homes and the treatment of children with intellectual disabilities who were refused admission and second, to clarify in detail the class organization and treatment of those children in the Homes. The results were as follows: in facilities that had criteria for admission, the intelligence quotient (IQ) was used as the admission criterion (the standard was generally 70- 50). However, the actual number of children admitted to the facilities included those who did not meet the criteria for admission. When children with intellectual disabilities were denied admission, mental hospitals and facilities for children with disabilities were judged to be appropriate places for them. However, there were only a few such facilities. The formation of classes in juvenile training schools did not rely on the chronological age of the children, but was done comprehensively based on intelligence quotient, academic ability, and school attendance. In addition, the five facilities that had “special classes” for children with intellectual disabilities and others had, in relative terms, more children and more staff. Special education and treatment for those children included reducing the time for academic study and lengthening the recess time, assigning only farm work, and one-on-one teaching at the children’s speed: all of which were based on the characteristics of mentally handicapped children.