Time Travel Research Articles

EDUCATION'S ROLE IN PRIMARY HEALTHCARE UTILIZATION AMONG OLDER PEOPLE IN INDONESIA

Introduction: The current situation shows that life expectancy is increasing, so the population of older people is also growing. As a vulnerable group, more senior people desperately need primary health care, and barriers to accessing services will increase vulnerability. Aim: The study aimed to investigate the impact of education on primary healthcare utilization among older people. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined 52,893 older people. It employed primary healthcare utilization as an outcome variable and education level as an exposure variable. Furthermore, the study used eight control variables: residence type, age group, gender, marital status, wealth, time travel to primary healthcare, and health insurance. We employed binary logistic regression to examine the data. Results: The study showed that older adults with primary education were 1.050 times more likely than those without to utilize primary healthcare (95% CI 1.046-1.054). Older people with secondary education were 0.643 times less likely to use primary healthcare than those without (95% CI 0.638-0.649). Older adults with secondary education were 0.378 times less likely than those without to use primary healthcare (95% CI 0.372-0.383). Furthermore, the study indicated that all control variables were significantly related to direct healthcare utilization. Conclusion: The study concluded that education level influences primary healthcare utilization among older people in Indonesia. Keywords: elderly people, education, primary healthcare, healthcare evaluation, healthcare access, public health

Personal identity and mental time travel

This paper examines the role of episodic memory, and the broader notion of “mental time travel” (MTT), in constituting personal identity. After arguing that the construal of memory’s role in personal identity found in traditional psychological continuity theories of personal identity is both unrealistic and unsatisfying, the paper endeavors to provide a better account. This begins with recent work in the science and philosophy of memory that sees episodic memory as part of a broader faculty for MTT (which also involves imagination and counterfactual thought). Some of the basic ideas expressed in this work are developed into an account of the connection between MTT with “strong identification” and personal identity. According to this alternative approach, we regularly “borrow affect” from our pasts and futures through forms of remembering, imagining, and counterfactual thinking that involve a particular form of identification with our past and future selves. This activity generates a strong diachronic experience of self, which contributes in important ways to diachronic personal identity. The sense of self generated through MTT is, however, only one piece of a more comprehensive account of personal identity. The paper concludes by describing its place in the larger picture.

Social-STGMLP: A Social Spatio-Temporal Graph Multi-Layer Perceptron for Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction

As autonomous driving technology advances, the imperative of ensuring pedestrian traffic safety becomes increasingly prominent within the design framework of autonomous driving systems. Pedestrian trajectory prediction stands out as a pivotal technology aiming to address this challenge by striving to precisely forecast pedestrians’ future trajectories, thereby enabling autonomous driving systems to execute timely and accurate decisions. However, the prevailing state-of-the-art models often rely on intricate structures and a substantial number of parameters, posing challenges in meeting the imperative demand for lightweight models within autonomous driving systems. To address these challenges, we introduce Social Spatio-Temporal Graph Multi-Layer Perceptron (Social-STGMLP), a novel approach that utilizes solely fully connected layers and layer normalization. Social-STGMLP operates by abstracting pedestrian trajectories into a spatio-temporal graph, facilitating the modeling of both the spatial social interaction among pedestrians and the temporal motion tendency inherent to pedestrians themselves. Our evaluation of Social-STGMLP reveals its superiority over the reference method, as evidenced by experimental results indicating reductions of 5% in average displacement error (ADE) and 17% in final displacement error (FDE).

The hippocampus dissociates present from past and future goals

Our brain adeptly navigates goals across time frames, distinguishing between urgent needs and those of the past or future. The hippocampus is a region known for supporting mental time travel and organizing information along its longitudinal axis, transitioning from detailed posterior representations to generalized anterior ones. This study investigates the role of the hippocampus in distinguishing goals over time: whether the hippocampus encodes time regardless of detail or abstraction, and whether the hippocampus preferentially activates its anterior region for temporally distant goals (past and future) and its posterior region for immediate goals. We use a space-themed experiment with 7T functional MRI on 31 participants to examine how the hippocampus encodes the temporal distance of goals. During a simulated Mars mission, we find that the hippocampus tracks goals solely by temporal proximity. We show that past and future goals activate the left anterior hippocampus, while current goals engage the left posterior hippocampus. This suggests that the hippocampus maps goals using timestamps, extending its long axis system to include temporal goal organization.

On causality violation in different classes of Ricci inverse gravity

In this paper, we investigate a causality-violating four-dimensional space-time, an extension of the two-dimensional Misner space within the framework of modified gravity theories, specifically in the context of Ricci-inverse gravity. To explore this, we focus on two classes of models denoted as f(R,AμνAμν)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$f({\\mathcal {R}}, A^{\\mu \ u }\\,A_{\\mu \ u })$$\\end{document} and f(R,A,AμνAμν)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$f({\\mathcal {R}}, {\\mathcal {A}}, A^{\\mu \ u }\\,A_{\\mu \ u })$$\\end{document}, and derive the modified field equations using the four-dimensional space-time under consideration. Here, Aμν\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$A^{\\mu \ u }$$\\end{document} is the anti-curvature tensor defined by inverse of the Ricci tensor Rμν\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$R_{\\mu \ u }$$\\end{document}, that is, Aμν=Rμν-1\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$A^{\\mu \ u }=R^{-1}_{\\mu \ u }$$\\end{document}. Additionally, A\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mathcal {A}}$$\\end{document} denotes its scalar, defined as A=gμνAμν\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mathcal {A}}=g_{\\mu \ u }\\,A^{\\mu \ u }$$\\end{document}. Our analysis shows that in both models, the modified field equations can be solved by considering the matter energy content as a pure radiation field including the cosmological constant. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the energy density of the pure radiation field and the cosmological constant undergo modifications due to the coupling parameters, and these modifications converge to the results of general relativity when these parameters are set to zero. This observation confirms the possibility of causality violation in the form of closed time-like curves within the framework of Ricci-inverse gravity theory.

Vision-Based Reactive Temporal Logic Motion Planning for Quadruped Robots in Unstructured Dynamic Environments

Vision-Based Reactive Temporal Logic Motion Planning for Quadruped Robots in Unstructured Dynamic Environments

Potential Sunda Strait tsunami hazard due to the current deformation of Anak Krakatau

Abstract The tsunami Sunda Strait event at 2018 is a prove that volcanic activity may trigger a devastating and unpredictable tsunami. Several findings indicate that this catasrophe generated by flank collapse caused by the instability of Gunung Anak Krakatau (AK). Other processes of volcanic activity that cause tsunamis include pyroclastic flows, subaerial and submarine landslides, underwater explosions, blasts, and caldera collapse. In the 1883, Krakatau Mount produced the largest tsunami event, and it is apparent that AK is one of threats in Sunda Strait that may potentially produce tsunami in the future since it is still active until now. Some latest research shows there are two submarine landslide threats near Gunung Anak Krakatau; in the northeast part of AK and an elliptical landslide source in the west part of AK with the estimated landslide volume about 0.014 km3 and 0.6 km3, respectively. Those threats will be simulated by shallow water equation model to obtain the tsunami wave height near the source and at crucial areas along Sunda Strait as well as its tsunami time arrival. The first scenario is sourced from a new deposit from the 2018 eruption, and the latter is a change of slopes bathymetry due to volcanic or seismic activity. It is observed that the highest elevation of tsunami from the first scenario reached only 2.5 cm at Tanjung Lesung, Banten and 80 cm at the nearest island, Panjang Island. The second scenario has the height of 50 cm at Labuan, Banten and 70 cm at Panjang Island. The tsunami time travel at the surrounding islands is ranging between 0.6 - 5.8 minutes (scenario 1) and 0.7-4.9 minutes (scenario 2). Both scenario reached the inexpensive device of sea level monitoring at the east side of Rakata after 5 minutes and the height is 30 cm and 1.6 cm respectively for scenario 1 and 2.

Improved Transcranial Plane-Wave Imaging With Learned Speed-of-Sound Maps.

Although transcranial ultrasound plane-wave imaging (PWI) has promising clinical application prospects, studies have shown that variable speed-of-sound (SoS) would seriously damage the quality of ultrasound images. The mismatch between the conventional constant velocity assumption and the actual SoS distribution leads to the general blurring of ultrasound images. The optimization scheme for reconstructing transcranial ultrasound image is often solved using iterative methods like full-waveform inversion. These iterative methods are computationally expensive and based on prior magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) information. In contrast, the multi-stencils fast marching (MSFM) method can produce accurate time travel maps for the skull with heterogeneous acoustic speed. In this study, we first propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict SoS maps of the skull from PWI channel data. Then, use these maps to correct the travel time to reduce transcranial aberration. To validate the performance of the proposed method, numerical, phantom and intact human skull studies were conducted using a linear array transducer (L11-5v, 128 elements, pitch = 0.3 mm). Numerical simulations demonstrate that for point targets, the lateral resolution of MSFM-restored images increased by 65%, and the center position shift decreased by 89%. For the cyst targets, the eccentricity of the fitting ellipse decreased by 75%, and the center position shift decreased by 58%. In the phantom study, the lateral resolution of MSFM-restored images was increased by 49%, and the position shift was reduced by 1.72 mm. This pipeline, termed AutoSoS, thus shows the potential to correct distortions in real-time transcranial ultrasound imaging, as demonstrated by experiments on the intact human skull.

Racial Biases in AIs and Gemini's Inability to Write Narratives About Black People

This article addresses the racism that emerges in artificial intelligence based on an experiment carried out in Gemini, Google's text-generative tool that uses natural language. In an attempt to observe possible racial biases in the chatbot's responses, commands reproduced for the binary matrices man/woman and white/black were submitted in order to compare the responses, but Gemini, despite having text production as its primary function, was unable to generate narratives that involved black people. This empirical experimentation was analyzed according to a bibliographical review of authors who deal with racial themes, mainly considering the view of Denise Ferreira da Silva in relation to the idea of a transparent subjectivity, the temporal displacement of the black body discussed by Bhabha and the overlap between technology and race brought by Noble and Faustino and Lippold. This erasure of minoritized racial groups is not restricted to the tool or the algorithmic means, but is a symptom of other exclusionary practices observed in society.

Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy skill evaluation from video: a new artificial intelligence-based instrument identification system

The advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based object detection technology has made identification of position coordinates of surgical instruments from videos possible. This study aimed to find kinematic differences by surgical skill level. An AI algorithm was developed to identify X and Y coordinates of surgical instrument tips accurately from video. Kinematic analysis including fluctuation analysis was performed on 18 laparoscopic distal gastrectomy videos from three expert and three novice surgeons (3 videos/surgeon, 11.6 h, 1,254,010 frames). Analysis showed the expert surgeon cohort moved more efficiently and regularly, with significantly less operation time and total travel distance. Instrument tip movement did not differ in velocity, acceleration, or jerk between skill levels. The evaluation index of fluctuation β was significantly higher in experts. ROC curve cutoff value at 1.4 determined sensitivity and specificity of 77.8% for experts and novices. Despite the small sample, this study suggests AI-based object detection with fluctuation analysis is promising because skill evaluation can be calculated in real time with potential for peri-operational evaluation.

Influence of a Pair of Unequal Rotational Fluxes on Entrained Gaseous Filament

Abstract Efforts are made to elucidate a comprehensive analysis of entrainment dynamics triggered by a couple of unequal rotational fluxes within a viscous pool. Cylindrical rollers are employed to establish the rotational field. The top drum is equally submerged in both phases and also it provides a constant rotational inertia. Concomitantly, the bottom roller is completely submerged in the viscous bath, and it provides an unequal rotational strength in reference to top roller. The average rotational strength of both rollers is measured using average Capillary number (Caavg). The entrainment phenomenon is strongly influenced by both Caavg and gap between the rollers (W/D). Characterization of entrained filament is elucidated by predicting the horizontal distance (L*), radial distance (r*), temporal vertical displacement (Y*), maximum vertical displacement (Ymax*), width (H*), and location of V-shaped diversion (Øs*). Characterization of liquid tip is performed by measuring the travel rate (γ*) along periphery of drum from receding to advancing junction. Air mass ejection from filament tip is analyzed by estimating the first bubble ejection time (t1st*), volume of accumulated of ejected gaseous masses (v*), and ejection frequency (f). Furthermore, the effect of gravitational pull (specified by Archimedes number, Ar) and viscous drag (measured by Morton number, Mo) on the pattern of entrained air filament is described. Lastly, an analytical framework is established to determine the width of the V-junction by balancing the important influencing forces, which are strongly affecting the filament. Analytical observations show a satisfactory agreement with numerical findings.

Modeling rehabilitation dataset to implement effective AI assistive systems

The demand for automated systems monitoring and supporting patients in their home-based recovery programs is substantial. While emerging technologies have been proposed as potential solutions to enhance at-home patient care, limited systems are in place due to their challenges in offering real-time monitoring and corrective feedback. Most proposed methodologies provide an overall measure or score for the executed movement. The proposed work involves the adaptation of an existing published dataset to cater to the needs of a system capable of remotely assisting patients, effectively acting as a virtual physical therapist able to provide corrective feedback. A dataset containing a set of three simple exercises for shoulder rehabilitation was processed. Each movement was meticulously annotated for temporal and categorical motion domains to monitor exercise execution in terms of the range of motion completeness and to evaluate compensatory movement patterns. This work carries substantial significance by offering a standardized and easily accessible model for human movement data, thus fostering the advancement of digital assistive systems designed to support home-based rehabilitation programs.

Further reflections on theory as time travel: a response to Morgan

ABSTRACT In his review essay on World Statehood, Morgan poses three questions, namely: does my conceptualization imply conflation of agency and structure; is the realist processual account of time contradictory; and have we humans already reached the limit of the possible? I address each question briefly one at a time, arguing that the concept of self-transformative capacity of contexts does not imply conflation; that various processes with different durations can exhibit patterns that can be reasonably discussed and assessed and, with caution, also used in anticipations; and that there is no cosmic law or limit that inevitably hinders humanity's further progress.

Theory as time travel: Patomäki, World Statehood and possible futures

ABSTRACT In this review essay, I set explore Heikki Patomäki's seventh sole-authored book in English, World Statehood. I set out the thematic structure and chapter order and then address whether the concept of ‘self-transformative capacity of contexts’ implies a central conflation and what is assumed if one argues that there is a tendential form of civilizational progress. I conclude with discussion of a causal process theory of time.

The Rhetorical Possibilities of Communicative Time Travel

ABSTRACT Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly generative AI, provides a unique opportunity to reexamine how affect, memory, authenticity, embodiment, and authorship are conceptualized and discussed in rhetorical scholarship. This is particularly significant as affective experiences resulting from communication with AI are increasingly normative due to the public-facing nature of many large language model chatbots. Drawing first on a recent case wherein an AI user produced a chatbot facsimile of her childhood self, this article suggests that affective changes facilitated by AI represent not only new avenues for exploring affect, but also how time itself is experienced.

Position-Aware Indoor Human Activity Recognition Using Multisensors Embedded in Smartphones.

Composite indoor human activity recognition is very important in elderly health monitoring and is more difficult than identifying individual human movements. This article proposes a sensor-based human indoor activity recognition method that integrates indoor positioning. Convolutional neural networks are used to extract spatial information contained in geomagnetic sensors and ambient light sensors, while transform encoders are used to extract temporal motion features collected by gyroscopes and accelerometers. We established an indoor activity recognition model with a multimodal feature fusion structure. In order to explore the possibility of using only smartphones to complete the above tasks, we collected and established a multisensor indoor activity dataset. Extensive experiments verified the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with algorithms that do not consider the location information, our method has a 13.65% improvement in recognition accuracy.

The Face of the Future: An Affective Mental Time Traveler in Saul Bellow’s “A Father-to-Be”

ABSTRACT This article focuses on a future-oriented Janus face portrayed in Saul Bellow’s short story “A Father-to-Be,” arguing that it builds an exceptional prospective fictional mind in Bellow’s writing with a great emphasis on emotion. Drawing on the “Janus hypothesis,” the article examines how the protagonist’s emotional and imaginative mind interprets the past and processes the present based on a gloomy anticipation of the future, while some previous literary studies on the memory-imagination cognition emphasize the imaginativeness of memory. Affective narratology is largely involved as the supportive explanatory framework in the analysis of the narrative style. The authors approach the structure of the entire story by regarding it as an emotion story and attempt to reveal the aesthetic value of its core narrative by taking emotion both as the force of character forming and as rhetoric.

대학생들의 노인자서전 쓰기 프로그램 참여 경험에 관한 질적 사례연구

Objectives This study sought to find out what experiences five college students had through an autobiography writing program for the elderly called 『Seniors Making Books』, which was planned and implemented directly for six elderly people, and what the meaning of that experience was. Methods This study plans and conducts a 7-session elderly autobiography writing program at a senior welfare center in City B from September 2 to December 20, 2023, and examines the meaning of the process and experi-ence of creating an autobiography as the final result and participating in the program through an exhibition. This is a qualitative case study in which data was collected and analyzed through in-depth interviews about the mean-ing of the experience. Results As a result of the study, the autobiography writing program conducted by college students for the elderly was, first, experienced a ‘change in prejudice and perception of the elderly’ that had been held against the elderly, and second, ‘a new challenge’ while planning and implementing the program with friends in the same major. The result was ‘improved confidence through’ and thirdly, although it was a short period of time, it gave the meaning of ‘the importance of relationships through meeting’. Conclusions In conclusion, the autobiography writing program for the elderly allowed the university students and the elderly participants to realize the meaning of time travel where they were happy together, not alone, through time travel to the past, present, and future.

Learning to Listen

Sometime in 2017, I moved from Melbourne, Australia to Dublin, Ireland. I’d studied and exhibited art in Australia, and in becoming an immigrant, I risked leaving my life and community behind to start somewhere else as a stranger. My work in Australia had centred around the connections between science, space and storytelling. It had also been, as all art is, a portrait of myself, albeit a heavily buried and obscured one. The move disrupted that work, and in my Dublin studio, I began making friends and exploring ways to make art that felt new and relevant. The dislocation that goes hand in hand with moving to the other side of the world crept into my practice. Listening to music felt like a way to time travel. I had an inkling that I wanted to write about music, but I stopped myself because it seemed so far away from the artwork that I’d previously made. Another reason that I didn’t, though, is purely that it didn’t fit at the time. Now it does, and the idea I had in 2019 is back:

Born again

Born’s original 1933 theory of nonlinear electrodynamics (in contrast to the later Born-Infeld theory) is acausal for strong fields. We explore the issue of strong-field causality violation in families of theories containing Born and/or Born-Infeld, and many variants that have been previously proposed in contexts that include cosmology and black hole physics. Many of these variants are acausal and hence unphysical. A notable exception is the modified Born-Infeld theory with ModMax as its conformal weak-field limit.