Time Of Terror Research Articles

Managing dissent or creating it? Cameroonian Muslim youth, secularism, and securitization in a time of terror

ABSTRACT The rise of Islamic extremist movements in the Lake Chad Basin has become one of the most important security issues in Africa. Research on these conflicts has focused primarily on the extremists themselves, and far less on the conflict’s wider effect on social relationships between Muslims and state authorities. Based on extensive fieldwork on Cameroonian university campuses, we argue that the Cameroonian “war on terror” has contributed to the ongoing “securitization” of Muslim youth experiences. Although the treatment of educated, internationally connected and outwardly pious Muslims as security threats is not a new development, the current conflict has opened new areas of contestation and conflict between Muslim youth and state authorities. It also challenges the legitimacy of Cameroonian secularism, which appears increasingly non-neutral and unequal to Muslim youth facing suspicion and surveillance.

Yoga During Pregnancy for Healthy Progeny

The World Health Organization defines health is a condition of total physical, mental, and social well-being and body, as well as a healthy mind and spirit, rather than simply the absence of sickness or deformity. Women go through physical, mental, and emotional changes throughout pregnancy. These alterations are a result of pregnancy. These obstacles are exhibited by the joyful condition, tension, and yoga, which helps to calm down and conquer these difficulties. Yoga assists pregnant women in developing a happy mindset and willing to go through the labour procedure. Various Aasanas and breathing exercise revale and decrease the pregnancy related complications like pregnancy induced hypertension, Premature delivery,still birth and intra uterine growth retardation’s. Yoga gives a wide range of activities to the mother and unborn child in different ways. Labor is a time of terror and anguish for the majority of women, and yoga can help them survive with these changes.

Memories of Terror: Essays on Recent Histories

<i>Memories of Terror: Essays on Recent Histories</i>

The Dark Side of Transnational Mobility: Croatian Travel Writers in Hitler’s New Europe

This article analyses the use of Europeanizing discourses in the travel writing of Croat visitors to the Third Reich. Situating these visits in the context of transnational exchanges in Hitler’s new Europe and the war against the Soviet Union, it considers a number of specific case studies of travel between Croatia and Nazi Germany. It argues that the European discourse of writers, journalists, and youth activists in the Ustasha-led Independent State of Croatia served a number of specific purposes. First, they created a space of normality in an extremely violent state, providing an illusion of stability. By bringing the sights, sounds, and pleasures of travel to the near abroad back to Croatia in the form of books, magazine articles, and mobile film reels, they also gave citizens a glimpse of the good life, consumption, and materiality. As such, these travelogues and accounts of journeys overseas also aimed to persuade intellectuals and members of the cultural elite who did not support the Ustasha regime of the various material and professional “club goods” that might accrue to them by becoming active supporters of the regime. Furthermore, they served to create an impression of mobility in a surveillance state in which even internal travel was extremely restricted. Finally, in depicting Nazi-led war in the East and the struggle against the “East within”—in the form of the campaign of genocide against Serbs, Jews, Roma and so-called “asocials”—to building European brotherhood, modernization, and becoming an essential member of the new Europe, they became a source of regime legitimation, thereby telling us important things about the subjectivity of both the state and ideological tourists in a time of terror, war, and occupation.

Book Reviews

Book Reviews Nadia H. Barsoum THIRTEEN MONTHS IN CHINA: A Subaltern Indian and the Colonial World: An Annotated Translation of Thakur Gadadhar Singh’s Chīn Me Terah Mās Anand A. Yang, Oxford University Press, 2017 - History - 336 pages THE NAQAB BEDOUINS: A Century of Politics and Resistance by Mansour Nasasra, United Sates Columbia University Press 2017, 288pages EGYPT’S FOREIGN POLICY IN TIMES OF CRISIS: My Testimony by Ahmed Aboul Gheit, Egypt, Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2020 - Egypt - 486 pages HISTORY OF CHRISTIAN-MUSLIM RELATIONS by Hugh Goddard UK, Edinburgh University Press, second editions 2020, 228 pages. POST-ORIENTALISM Knowledge & Power in a Time of Terror by Hamid Dabashi. Transaction Publishers, 2015 -285 pages ZIAUDDIN SARDAR A PERSON OF PAKISTANI ORIGINS by Ziauddin Sardar Oxford University Press, 2018 - 256 pages VISION OR MIRAGE Saudi Arabia at the Crossroads by David Rundell Bloomsbury Publishing, 2020 - 336 pages ARABS: A 3,000 Year History of Peoples, Tribes and Empires by Tim Mackintosh-Smith. Yale University Press, New Haven 2019, 629 pages ALLAH: God in the Qur’an by Gabriel Said Reynolds Yale University Press, New Haven 2020, 327 pages DYING TO SERVE Militarism, Affect, and the Politics of Sacrifice in the Pakistan Army by Maria Rashid Stanford University Press, 2020 - 288 pages ARAB AMERICANS IN FILM From Hollywood and Egyptian Stereotypes to Self-Representation by Waleed F. Mahdi. New York : Syracuse University Press 2020, 304 pages BEYOND EXCEPTION: New Interpretations of the Arabian Peninsula by Ahmed Kanna, Amélie Le Renard, Neha Vora New York: Cornell university press, 153 pages ISLAM A Living Faith by Natana J. DeLong-Bas Anselm Academic Winona, Minnesota 2018, 331 pages THE ISLAMIC ENLIGHTENMENT: The Struggle Between Faith and Reason, 1798 to Modern Times by Christopher de Bellaigue Liveright Publishing Corporation, a division of W.W. Norton 398 pp. A ROCK BETWEEN HARD PLACES: Afghanistan as an Arena of Regional Insecurity. by Harpviken, Kristian Berg & Shahrbanou Tadjbakhsh New York: Oxford University Press. 208 pp. MARGINS OF THE MARKET TRAFFICKING AND CAPITALISM ACROSS THE ARABIAN SEA by Johan Mathew United States, University of California Press 248 pp. MANDATORY SEPARATION: Religion, Education, and Mass Politics in Palestine By Suzanne Schneider 262pp. Stanford University Press, California NEGOTIATING LANGUAGES: Urdu, Hindi, and the Definition of Modern South Asia By Walter Hakala, Walter N. Hakala New York Columbia university press, 136 pp. ________ THIRTEEN MONTHS IN CHINA: A Subaltern Indian and the Colonial World: An Annotated Translation of Thakur Gadadhar Singh’s Chīn Me Terah Mās Anand A. Yang, Oxford University Press, 2017 - History - 336 pages The China Relief Expedition, an eight-nation military effort, was organized to rescue foreign nationals in the country during the Boxer Uprising (1899– 1901). In Thirteen Months in China, Thakur Gadadhar Singh, a British Indian soldier of the 7th Rajput Regiment, recounts his experiences as he set sail along with his men for Beijing in the summer of 1900. Written shortly after his return to India in 1901, he details several aspects of China and its people he met over the course of thirteen months. Part travelogue, part history, Singh’s eyewitness account offers a first-hand view of the tumultuous events of the Boxer Uprising and its aftermath, as also of Chinese society, culture, politics, religion, and art and architecture, often in a comparative perspective. It is a rare historical source of an Indian subaltern’s outlook on the history of China, and its customs and practices. [End Page 95] ________ THE NAQAB BEDOUINS: A Century of Politics and Resistance by Mansour Nasasra, United Sates Columbia University Press 2017, 288pages Conventional wisdom positions the Bedouins in southern Palestine and under Israeli military rule as victims or passive recipients. In The Naqab Bedouins, Mansour Nasasra rewrites this narrative, presenting them as active agents who, in defending their community and culture, have defied attempts at subjugation and control. The book challenges the notion of Bedouin docility under Israeli military rule and today, showing how they have contributed to shaping their own destiny. The Naqab Bedouins represents the first attempt to chronicle Bedouin history and politics across the last century, including the Ottoman era, the British Mandate, Israeli military rule, and the...

Jerzy Andrzejewski’s Holy Week: Testing Religious Ethics in Times of Atrocity

Abstract Jerzy Andrzejewski wrote the novella Holy Week at the time of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. This real-time Polish fictional response immediately raised critical controversy. Whereas some critics saw it as an inadequate representation of the Holocaust, others considered the 1945 version a product of socialist realism. Here the author argues that Andrzejewski’s wartime fiction investigates the viability of his Catholic existentialist orientation during a time of terror. While his wartime essays and his correspondence with Czesław Miłosz reflected Andrzejewski’s struggle to maintain his faith in human brotherhood, his fiction traced the disintegration of Grace-given faith in the commonality and dignity of all human beings. The stories progress from a tragic ending of friendship to the failure of spiritual resistance and ultimately to the complete moral collapse of the Polish community. The unflinching depiction of the failure of Catholic Poles before their responsibility to extend neighborly love to their doomed Jewish neighbors communicates Andrzejewski’s insistence on the Catholic obligation to love one’s neighbor.

Exceptional Sexuality in a Time of Terror: “Muslim” Subjects and Dissenting/Unmournable Bodies

This essay complicates received understandings of violence against queer (and other) bodies in Muslim South Asia by re-visiting the 2016 killing of two Dhaka-based gay-rights activists. It challenges underlying assumptions of the relationship between violence and the secular through an examination of the different meanings assigned to secular/state violence (enforced disappearances, extra-judicial killings, arbitrary detention) as opposed to religious violence (the public-execution-style murders of bloggers, gay men, and others). The essay also explores the tensions and contradictions generated within Bangladesh by the reification of gay and transgender violence. The conclusion considers the consequences of the current political climate in which some killings are unmournable and queer bodies are politically useful in selective ways.

'Of Demons and Drama: Ritual Syncretism of Sinhala Exorcism and Forum Theatre'

In her 1999 monograph Sri Lankan Theatre in a Time of Terror: Political Satire in the Permitted Space , Ranjini Obeyesekere noted that Augusto Boal’s Forum Theatre had not caught on in the island state of Sri Lanka. Seventeen years later this is not the case. Organisations including the British Council and the Sri Lanka Development Journalist Forum are using Forum theatre at the heart of their conflict resolution works in Sri Lankan communities. But, why has it caught on? Originally brought to the island state in the wake of the disastrous 2004 tsunami, Forum theatre has become a flagship programme for conflict mediation and resolution. This paper will argue that there is an intrinsic link between the religio-centric exorcism rituals used within Sinhala communities, for the purposes of healing, and the adaption of methods of communal performance for the purposes of conflict resolution, following the end of the ethnic conflict within Sri Lanka. Moreover, this paper will conclude that due to irrefutable links, stylistically, between ritual exorcisms and the performance styles of Forum Theatre that the historical precedent of ritual exorcism allows community to engage more openly in communal theatre initiatives.

Forms of Conflict: Contemporary Wars on the British Stage by Sara Soncini

Reviewed by: Forms of Conflict: Contemporary Wars on the British Stage by Sara Soncini George Potter FORMS OF CONFLICT: CONTEMPORARY WARS ON THE BRITISH STAGE. By Sara Soncini. Exeter Performance Studies series. Exeter, UK: University of Exeter Press, 2015; pp. 314. How theatre responds to war—and particularly the War on Terror—has garnered much critical attention since 9/11, whether it be questioning what dramatic structure such responses take, asking if there have been appropriate or sufficient responses, or examining the artistic choices that translate historical events into political theatre. Notable among recent books on the topic are Jenny Hughes's Performance in a Time of Terror: Critical Mimesis and the Age of Uncertainty (2011), Jenny Spencer's edited collection Political and Protest Theatre after 9/11: Patriotic Dissent (2013), and Rustom Bharucha's Terror and Performance (2014). Sara Soncini's Forms of Conflict: Contemporary Wars on the British Stage enters these discussions with an emphasis on the formal aspects of theatre and the degree to which they are able to respond to modern warfare, with a focus on the United Kingdom. Specifically, Soncini argues that there is "a connection between modes of conflict and modes of representation," and sets out to explore "theatre's capacity for providing some interpretive means to enlarge our understanding of the new patterns and mechanisms of conflict" (xiii). Soncini intriguingly explores these concerns not only within the tradition of British theatre, but also within a continental intellectual and interpretive context less often considered in English-language criticism. From framing contemporary global wars as moving beyond the ideas of Carl von Clausewitz to drawing on French and Italian theorists, philosophers, and literary critics, Soncini deploys these [End Page 433] theoretical traditions to make a convincing case that we have transitioned from a period of clearly delineated conflicts to war without clear temporal or geographic boundaries, with transnational media, and with disassociation from the violence of war. Furthermore, she claims that the "British stage has shown a remarkable readiness to take up this call [to respond to these new wars] and re-examine existing categories whereby we frame and understand violence and war" (8). Given the growth of British documentary theatre during the period under discussion (1991–2011), Soncini devotes about half of Frames of Conflict to explore new forms of representations within this genre. As she writes, "[i]t is not surprising then that 9/11, a historical event which consolidated and above all made apparent the growing theatricalization of warfare, should also have acted as a watershed in the history of documentary drama" (78). While this emphasis on documentary theatre specifically within the context of war offers Soncini an angle distinct from that of earlier studies of the genre, her focus on widely discussed work by David Hare and Richard Norton-Taylor leads her to familiar ground in arguing, for example, with regard to Norton-Taylor's Called to Account about the Chilcot inquiry, that "the one truth that audiences came out with at the end of the Tricycle performance was that there is no such thing as 'hard' evidence" (99). This focus on documentary theatre is bookended by two other concerns: a chapter exploring the depiction of war in postdramatic theatre, and a discussion of the representation of translation in contemporary drama. In the former, Soncini juxtaposes contemporary drama against previous works, such as Sarah Kane's Blasted, with its clear parallels to the Balkan Wars in the 1990s and spectacular acts of stage violence, ranging from rape, to mutilation, to cannibalism. Soncini provocatively argues that plays like Caryl Churchill's Far and Away and Drunk Enough to Say I Love You? remove the iconography of war from the British stage, which also forms an interesting lead-in to the discussion of documentary drama, which tends to stage inquiries rather than war itself. Some of the most engaging interpretations of well-known plays come in the last chapter, when she discusses acts of translation onstage. Within this context, Soncini argues that Tony Kushner's Homebody/Kabul might be viewed as a work about failed translations, both in Kushner's own linguistic limitations and the play's use of "translation as a structuring...

Study Abroad in a Time of Terror; U.S. Student Experiences in Brussels

When terrorists bombed the Brussels airport and metro in March 2016, seventeen U.S. university students were in Brussels, halfway through a faculty-led semester abroad program. Although the students were unharmed, they encountered deep concern for their safety, and the future of study abroad programs in Brussels was immediately put into question. Two days after the attacks they recorded their reactions to the bombings, to the aftermath they experienced in Brussels, and to a question as to whether the study abroad program should be terminated. This essay records, in the students’ own words, their responses to the horrific and unimaginable events, and it records the students’ views on the future of study abroad programs in a time of uncertainty. The students unanimously expressed resolve that despite the trauma they had no regrets about participating in the study abroad program and that such tragic events should not lead to a withdrawal of study abroad opportunities in the future. The essay concludes with recommendations for preparing students for uncertainty and providing support in times of need.

Complicity in Torture in a Time of Terror: Interpreting the European Court of Human Rights Extraordinary Rendition Cases

Complicity in Torture in a Time of Terror: Interpreting the European Court of Human Rights Extraordinary Rendition Cases

Worse than the Devil: Anarchists, Clarence Darrow, and Justice in a Time of Terror by Dean A. Strang

Reviewed by: Worse than the Devil: Anarchists, Clarence Darrow, and Justice in a Time of Terror by Dean A. Strang Jeff Johnson Dean A. Strang, Worse than the Devil: Anarchists, Clarence Darrow, and Justice in a Time of Terror. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2013. 268pp. $21.95. On November 24, 1917, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, stood at the center of a turbulent period in American history. That evening a bomb exploded at the city’s police station, killing nine policemen and 1 civilian. What was presumably the work of anarchists became part of the period’s much broader story of discord, with important implications for immigrant communities. Dean Strang’s Worse Than the Devil: Anarchists, Clarence Darrow, and Justice in a Time of Terror offers a useful insight into an important, though lesser-known moment. The crucial backstory to the attack was the city’s prominent Third Ward Italian population. Outlined in the first two chapters, they emerged at the delicate balance of ethnicity and faith with varied allegiances to the mother country and the church. A key figure within the community was Rev. August Giuliani. Evangelical and patriotic, he organized several visits to the Third Ward in August and September, culminating in a riot on September 9. The authorities blamed unpatriotic malcontents and radicals among the Italian community, and, remarkably, when the November attack occurred, police arrested dozens of “radical” Italians and (with many of them nearly illiterate and held without charge) held eleven from the Bay View Riot, and accused them of the earlier bombing. The book includes sound background on anarchism (and its varied voices) in the United States. Notable individuals like Johann Most and Luigi [End Page 129] Galleani may have found admirers among Bay View Italians, we are told, and Emma Goldman was particularly connected to the 1917 attack, as she advocated for the eleven accused. Yet the central characters of the book seem to be lawyers. District Attorney Winfred Zabel orchestrated the prosecution. Leading the defense was William Benjamin Rubin, a former partner of Zabel’s, and their professional relationship turned “acidic,” according to Strang (87). Rubin had a passion for the plight of the working-class, but had focused his practice on criminal defense. In 1917, though, Rubin defended ten of the elevent accused of the bombing. In the end, and not surprisingly, all eleven (ten men and one woman, most of whom could not understand the proceedings) were all found guilty and sentenced by the young Judge A. C. Backus to twenty-five years of hard labor in Waupun, Wisconsin. At the head of the quick 1918 appeal was famed Chicago attorney Clarence Darrow. Darrow, self-described “General Counsel to the poor,” was at the center of countless cases that mattered during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries that students of labor, race, and justice will undoubtedly recognize (Pullman, Steunenberg in Caldwell, the McNamara brothers, Sweet in Detroit, and Leopold and Loeb). In the book we learn as much about Darrow, if not more, than we do about the accused (which understandably is a problem of sources, but readers are offered only brief moments of biography and postscript). In collaboration with his partner Peter Sissman, Darrow mounted the ultimately successful (for nine of the defendants) appeal. The book communicates well that this case was in many ways about power and unequal shows of it. Photographs of the perp walk of the eleven, depictions of the accused in the press, and a jury composed almost exclusively of business-friendly members all demonstrated a stacked deck. And the eagerness to pin the act on presumably disloyal immigrants fueled a common refrain during the period: that a much broader conspiracy threatened the nation, rightfully according to Strang, that were branded a “shadowy network of anarchists, labor radicals, and socialist,” and “antagonists” in “black hats” (55–56). For some among the working-class, socialists, anarchists, and labor organizers, there was a stark polarity during the period. As Strang writes, “it’s you against them, against the bosses, the owners, the people who oppress you,” and the author communicates this theme excellently (40). As with most books, some readers might ask questions in a few areas. The...

Risky Cosmopolitanism: Intimacy and Autoimmunity in Mohsin Hamid’s The Reluctant Fundamentalist

ABSTRACTFor a novel consistently teetering on the brink of violence, Mohsin Hamid’s The Reluctant Fundamentalist begins in a surprisingly benign manner but ultimately offers a sustained interrogation of the possibilities and limits of hospitality in a time of terror. The novel is permeated by references to familiar forms of hospitality and their ultimate failure, yet this article focuses more specifically on the troubling implications The Reluctant Fundamentalist has for a philosophy of hospitality; that is, what appears as a failure of hospitality—the inevitable violence of the novel’s conclusion—is actually a provocative and sustained engagement with hospitality in its most pure and terrifying form. Using the figures offered to us by Immanuel Kant and Jacques Derrida, I argue that the novel theorizes a hospitality given even and especially when the face of the other is the irreducible face of death. It exemplifies what Gideon Baker conceptualizes as cosmopolitanism as hospitality—an ethics that opens to difference as Other whatever that other may bring in his infinitely unknowable state. Ultimately, The Reluctant Fundamentalist suggests that if absolute hospitality is an openness to whoever or whatever arrives, then included in that is a hospitality even to the one who comes to kill.

News Framing in a Time of Terror

AbstractOn Saturday afternoon, 14 February 2015, a man attacked a public meeting at Krudttønden in Copenhagen and later the city's synagogue, killing two persons. The attacks did not take the Danish media by surprise since they had recently been engaged in the coverage of similar events, reporting the attacks at the Charlie Hebdo office in Paris in January 2015.This article analyses how the Danish television channel DR1 framed the attacks in the newscast from the first shot at Krudttønden and for the following week. Furthermore, the analysis will discuss how the framing of the shooting as a “terror attack” transformed the news coverage into a “news media” media event, abandoning the journalistic norm of critical approach while the media instead became the scene of national mourning.

Contemporary terrorism and the true believer

ABSTRACTLiving in a time of terror, we argue that there needs to be research on what types of people choose to join Islamist terrorist groups. We think that Eric Hoffer's reflections on the ‘true believer' are illuminating. His meditations on the poor, the misfit, the selfish, and the bored provide a framework for a typology of potential terror converts. We work through the literature on terrorism movements, ideology, and the ‘global jihadist narrative' as a context to situate Hoffer's ideas within terrorism studies. We analyze Canadian case studies of terrorist actors from various backgrounds and origins, and consider the applicability of our approach from three different perspectives on radicalization. Our determination is that there is at least prima facie evidence to conclude that Hoffer's typology can, in some instances, provide a strong lens through which to understand and predict terrorist converts. However, much more research is necessary before this claim can be substantiated.

Risky subjects in time of terror. A semiotic perspective on the security discourse in Europe

Risky subjects in time of terror. A semiotic perspective on the security discourse in Europe

A war like no other: the Constitution in a time of terror

A war like no other: the Constitution in a time of terror

Autonomy in a Time of Terror

Autonomy in a Time of Terror

Non-violence and the French Revolution: political demonstrations in Paris, 1787-1795

Introduction 1. Marching in Paris, from the Old Regime to the Revolution 2. Political demonstrations and the politics of escalation in 1789 3. From rapprochement to radicalism, 1790-1 4. War, collaborative protest, and the 1792 Republican movement 5. Fraternal protest in a time of terror, August 1792-September 1793 6. Reasserting collective action: 1794-5 7. Moderate and conservative marches in Revolutionary Paris Conclusion Appendix: Parisian protests, 1787-95 Bibliography Index.

Working through Trauma in a Time of Terror in Janette Turner Hospital's Orpheus Lost

Music, particularly vocal music, plays a prominent role in Janette Turner Hospital's latest novel, Orpheus Lost. The mournful notes of Gluck's opera Orfeo ed Euridice heard on the Boston Undergroun...