Renewal Time Research Articles

Education and the Care of Older People: Is This the Time for Renewal?

Education and the Care of Older People: Is This the Time for Renewal?

Controls on organic matter accumulation in the Bakken Formation, Williston Basin, USA

The environmental processes and conditions controlling productivity and organic matter accumulation/preservation in the lower black shale (LBS) and upper black shale (UBS) members of the Devonian-Mississippian Bakken Formation were evaluated utilizing molybdenum (Mo), total organic carbon (TOC), total sulfur (ST), and iron (Fe) data. High-resolution (1- to 3-cm scale) chemostratigraphic records were generated for twelve drill cores, four of which closely flank the north-south-trending axis of the Nesson Anticline, proximal to the center of the Williston Basin in northwest North Dakota, USA. Degree of pyritization (DOPT) values (0.25 to 1.0) indicate that bottom waters were frequently dysoxic with intermittent aerobic and anoxic/euxinic conditions. However, the presence of organic sulfur in black shales can complicate the use of DOPT as a redox proxy requiring a multi-proxy approach to adequately elucidate depositional conditions. In such samples, the use of ST to approximate pyritic sulfur can lead to an overestimation of DOPT values. Total organic carbon contents of 2–20%, by weight, and consistently elevated Mo concentrations (>100 ppm) in both the LBS and UBS imply that the Williston Basin was often hydrographically unrestricted, allowing for ample nutrient resupply that resulted in enhanced primary productivity. Enhanced organic production (as indicated by the elevated TOC contents) was most likely supported by an abundant supply of nutrients in the basin. Using published Mo–TOC relationships from modern anoxic-euxinic basins, it is estimated that renewal time of the sub-chemoclinal water mass during accumulation of the LBS and UBS approximated 10 and 30 yr, respectively. Key differences between LBS and UBS redox proxies highlight different bottom-water redox conditions during deposition, suggesting differences in paleo-water mass geochemical characteristics and general circulation.

RESEARCH OF CONDITIONAL DIAGNOSTIC ALGORITHMS MANY SOURCE OBJECTS

Without regard to the swift increase of reliability of element base of modern special communication means actual is a question of providing of their a fitness is to repair, of value of indexes of that regulated by leading documents. Considerable time of permanent repair of special communication means occupies the search of defective elements, that is why important enough improvement of the diagnostic providing. It is arrived at by the use of effective algorithms of searching activity of masters that abbreviate the necessary amount of verifications of the damaged apparatus. It is set that to 30 percent of refuses of special communication means conditioned by disrepairs their sources of secondary power supply, that behave to the class of many source objects. In the article with drawing on modern accomplishments of technical diagnostics and metrology, that was not taken into account before, research possible variants of construction of conditional diagnostic algorithms. Also research their indexes of quality dependin g on the structural features of object of diagnosticating and the brought results over of comparison. The terms of repressing choice of algorithms of search of defects are set on the criterion of a minimum of mean time of renewal, the order of decision of this task is formalized. The got results it is expedient to draw on during development of the diagnostic providing of perspective special communication means, and also and at the improvement of existing. Thus, taken off part of limitations that is used in the known methodologies, that allows to promote efficiency scientifically reasonable practically implemented recommendations in relation to time of proceeding in special communication means at the refuse of their sources of secondary power supply

Processes explaining the origin and evolution of groundwater composition in the Andean Precordillera and Altiplano of the Tarapacá Region of northern Chile

In the arid area of northern Chile, groundwater resources in the Andean formations are essential for native populations, ecological services, mining, and other human activities. Validated conceptual hydrogeological models are required for current and future water and land management. This work aims to explain the processes controlling the origin and distribution of recharge and groundwater composition in the Andean Precordillera and Altiplano of the Tarapacá Region of northern Chile, using major solutes in spring, river, and well water, and the stable and radioactive isotopes of water oxygen, hydrogen, and dissolved inorganic carbon. The waters are mainly of the Na-Ca-SO4 type. Processes controlling the chemical evolution of waters are atmospheric dust contribution, evapo-concentration, and enhanced volcanic rock weathering, as well as halite dissolution in some locations. The isotopic composition of Precordillera eastern flank water samples follows an evaporation line, while those in the western flank, in the Altiplano, follow a line that is parallel to the local meteoric line, suggesting unsaturated zone evaporation processes of infiltrated rainfall. δ13CDIC contents (-2 to -27‰) indicate mixing processes, volcanic CO2 in the Altiplano, and calcite dissolution in some sectors. In the western depression, the only recharge is due to water infiltration in creek channels. In the highland areas, 5–25% of precipitation produces recharge. The estimated groundwater renewal time in the Precordillera was 3–14 kyr. The piezometric elevation in the Precordillera due to low-permeability intrusive rocks and local recharge prevents the east-west groundwater transfer from the Altiplano to the western depression and explains why the volcanic CO2 in the Altiplano basins is not observed on the western flank. These results provide new insights for the evolution of water quality in volcanic aquifers in arid environments and provide considerations for estimating groundwater residence times using radiocarbon in areas influenced by volcanic CO2.

STUDI HIDROGEOLOGI TERHADAP KAPASITAS DEBIT AIR TANAH MENGGUNAKAN METODE PUMPING TEST PADA DAERAH BIROMARU KABUPATEN SIGI

Groundwater is a natural resource that can be renewed naturally, but the time of renewal is very relative. In meeting the needs of groundwater in the community, it is necessary to strive for groundwater produced can be periodically available. The purpose of this study was to aquifer condition and determine the capacity for groundwater discharge in the Biromaru area, precisely in Lolu Village. The data collection method used is the pumping test long-term test method and the analytical method used is the Neuman curve-fitting method and Theis recovery method. Based on the test and aquifer test results of lithological correlation, value of transmissivity 180,001 m2/day, storativity 3,7 x 10-3, specific yield 2,56 x 10-2, hydraulic conductivity 14,572, permeability 16,488. The potential for groundwater discharge in the study area is between 226,067 cm3/day. The maximum available discharge is 146.88 m3/day, while the groundwater discharge that has been exploited from production wells in the research area is ≥363,461.28 m3 which has been used for ±52 weeks so that the pumping discharge does not exceed the potential groundwater discharge.

Modelling the water dynamics of a tidal lagoon: The impact of human intervention in the Nador Lagoon (Morocco)

The Lagoon of Nador (Morocco) has been subject to relevant man-made changes in recent years, which consisted of closing the inlet and opening a new one, wider and deeper, with long lateral jetties. In this paper, we study some of the consequences of this modification, using a 3D hydrodynamic model that allows a comparison of the two configurations (old and new inlet). This would be not possible analysing only the observations and the approach we followed is a general method that can be applied wherever man-made or natural changes affect a coastal system. We have created two numerical grids, one with the old inlet and one with the new inlet, both covering the entire lagoon and a wide part of the coastal area. Using these two configurations, fully baroclinic simulations were run for one year. The results show a significant increase of the tidal amplitude and of the water circulation inside the lagoon, with a tidal prism four times larger. The change of the tidal asymmetry from positive to negative values (−0.7 in the inlet) causes a shift toward the ebb dominance, with implications for the mid-term morphological evolution. With the new inlet the water renewal time of the lagoon decreased from 57 to 15 days and the water temperature got warmer in winter (+1 °C) and colder in summer (−2 °C). As a consequence of this, the evaporation lowered and the salinity reduced by 0.8 PSU. The seasonal variability of the water renewal time shows that the tidal forcing, the baroclinic circulation and the wind contribute to the mixing processes. The mixing capacity of the lagoon (0.7) did not change because it is an intrinsic property of the lagoon morphology and of the atmospheric forcing. Finally, we found that the change of the water renewal time, with the new inlet, is higher than the change predicted, with the old inlet, under the RCP8.5 climate change scenario.

ADS-B Crowd-Sensor Network and Two-Step Kalman Filter for GNSS and ADS-B Cyber-Attack Detection.

Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast is an Air Traffic Control system in which aircraft transmit their own information (identity, position, velocity, etc.) to ground sensors for surveillance purposes. This system has many advantages compared to the classical surveillance radars: easy and low-cost implementation, high accuracy of data, and low renewal time, but also limitations: dependency on the Global Navigation Satellite System, a simple unencrypted and unauthenticated protocol. For these reasons, the system is exposed to attacks like jamming/spoofing of the on-board GNSS receiver or false ADS-B messages’ injection. After a mathematical model derivation of different types of attacks, we propose the use of a crowd sensor network capable of estimating the Time Difference Of Arrival of the ADS-B messages together with a two-step Kalman filter to detect these attacks (on-board GNSS/ADS-B tampering, false ADS-B message injection, GNSS Spoofing/Jamming). Tests with real data and simulations showed that the algorithm can detect all these attacks with a very high probability of detection and low probability of false alarm.

Theoretical study evaluating renewal of an air-conditioning system

Evaluating an air-conditioning system (or units comprising the system) renewal plan is an important task for facility managers. For each renewal, it is necessary to judge the renewal time, maintain equipment, and optimize economic efficiency. This study aims to obtain a theoretical method to evaluate the renewal plan for an air-conditioning system or the unit thereof. This paper shows how to derive the probability density function to determine the need for renewal as a mathematical model to estimate the renewal time. These models can be evaluated from an economic perspective when making two types of investment decisions. 1) Whether to renew one unit of the air-conditioning system at some point, 2) Whether to renew the entire air-conditioning system configuration or keep the existing one. The life of air-conditioning equipment that facility managers should consider includes economic service life brought by obsolescence and useful life provided by deterioration such as wear and corrosion. The unit renewal assumes that these two lifespans may be close to each other. Therefore, we need to plan for the relevance of these renewals. This renewal model also includes a probability density distribution that shows the unit's future renewal prospect currently in use.

Atlite: A Lightweight Python Package for Calculating Renewable Power Potentials and Time Series

Hofmann et al., (2021). atlite: A Lightweight Python Package for Calculating Renewable Power Potentials and Time Series. Journal of Open Source Software, 6(62), 3294, https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.03294

Spring Forward

As I write this article, we are 1 month into spring. This season is traditionally known as a time of regrowth and renewal, when the flowers start to bloom and the birds being to chirp—and baby animals enter the world, perhaps with some hesitation, yet also with optimism. This spring in the United States, many of us are feeling a parallel with the season, as to a certain degree, we are emerging from the COVID-19 pandemic with both hesitation and optimism. However, we are not returning to the pre-2020 world; rather, we are learning to adapt as we create our new normal.

Optimizing Torula Bait for Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae) Trapping in the Dominican Republic

Torula yeast is the most common bait used by growers and agriculture professionals for trapping of tephritid flies in the Dominican Republic. However, the efficiency of the bait is influenced by weather conditions, aging, and contamination with undesirable microorganisms. Thus, additives such as benzalkonium chloride, a quaternary ammonium compound, have been used together with torula yeast as a bait stabilizer. This study evaluated the effect of the addition of benzalkonium chloride to torula yeast bait, and time of renewal in guava orchards for trapping of Caribbean fruit flies (Anastrepha suspensa Loew; Diptera: Tephritidae). A field study was conducted in 2 consecutive 8-wk periods between Oct 2019 and Feb 2020. Six treatments were evaluated based on the type of bait (torula yeast or torula yeast + benzalkonium chloride) and renewal frequency (weekly, biweekly, or without renewal). Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Data indicated that torula yeast was attractive to 85.2% and 80.2% more males and females of Caribbean fruit flies compared to torula yeast + benzalkonium chloride, respectively. Similarly, traps without renewal attracted an average of 49.8% more females than traps renewed weekly or biweekly, regardless of the bait type. Analysis of both baits showed a rapid decrease in pH of the torula yeast. The addition of benzalkonium chloride may have affected the microbial activity in the solution, leading to reduced decomposition of torula yeast + benzalkonium chloride and, therefore, reduced captures.

Risk assessment of climate change impacts on Mediterranean coastal wetlands. Application in Júcar River Basin District (Spain)

Sea level rise (SLR) produced by climate change affects severely coastal ecosystems which are currently being impacted by sea level rise in many parts of the world. In relation with coastal wetlands, the most relevant induced effect will occur on water and soil's salt content, especially in areas below sea level. This could lead into a reduction of habitat for the wetlands' biota. In this context, this research assesses the SLR related risk in the Júcar River Basin District (JRBD). Hazard, exposure, impact, vulnerability, and risk maps have been elaborated. The design and application of measures is prioritized in those areas classified as Very High risk with the aim of improving coastal ecosystems' climate change adaptation.In Western Mediterranean coast, average sea level (ASL) will rise 0.16 m (2026–2045) and 0.79 m (2081–2100) referred to the reference period (1986–2005). High-end scenarios indicate that ASL will rise 1.35 m–1.92 m (2081–2100). The risk analysis results show that 90% of JRBD area affected by SLR, corresponds to coastal wetlands. Half of the affected area belongs to L'Albufera de Valencia wetland with 32.44 km2 below sea level, which represents a water volume of 42.64 hm3 (2026–2045) and a surface between 72.53 and 138.96 km2 representing from 118.36 to 289.70 hm3 (2081–2100). In the case of L'Albufera de Valencia the impact will be throughout the 21st century, the average rate of SLR will leap from 4 to 11 cm per decade, therefore MSL will reach the current wetland levels by 2040–2045. This makes necessary to modify the lake's management rules, which will lead to an increase of 40 hm3 in water storage and a reduction in water's renewal time compared to current rates (from 15 to 5 times a year).

Artificial intelligence in public administration of land relations: problems and prospects

The article highlights the importance of land relations, which are enshrined in Article 14 of the Constitution of Ukraine. That iswhy effective, transparent, holistic public administration of land relations is very important for Ukrainian society.The article presents the problems faced by the Ukrainian authorities. The main one is the inability to complete land reform formore than 29 years. In addition, the need to introduce artificial intelligence systems in the public sector and public management of landrelations in particular is emphasized.They will facilitate the work of officials in the land registration, filling the State Land Cadastre with comprehensive and reliableinformation about the land plots, conducting electronic auctions, land inventory and more.The article highlights examples of the use of artificial intelligence in the public administration of France, Germany and GreatBritain. We stressed what vector of development Ukraine needs to take. The paper focuses on gaps in Ukrainian legislation and proposesits own model of state regulation of this issue.Yes, we consider to supplement the content of the Civil Code, to adopt laws and regulations that would regulate this issue, tocreate socially authorized executive bodies, the scope of which will be aimed at the development of neural technologies in Ukraine andregulation of public administration in land relations. In addition, we highlighted the need for international cooperation.Thus, the 21st century is a time of globalization and renewal. In order to effectively and transparently administer land relations,as well as to position Ukraine in the international arena as an economically powerful state, it is necessary to introduce artificial intelligencein this area.

Building a Coaching Culture-The Roles of Coaches, Mentors, and Sponsors.

Building a Coaching Culture-The Roles of Coaches, Mentors, and Sponsors.

In-situ ballast condition assessment by tamping machine integrated measurement system

The condition of the ballast bed is one of the most important parameters to be determined in order to assure a safe and economical operation of railway systems. Better knowledge of ballast condition provides an advantage in defining the optimum time for ballast bed cleaning or renewal. State of the art ballast condition quantification methods all require in-situ ballast sampling followed by laboratory tests, reducing track availability and making additional track closure necessary, thus making the determination of ballast condition a time-consuming and challenging task. The tamping process is the core maintenance activity in ballasted track and it is crucial for the economical service life of the track and essential in restoring the track geometry for safe train operations. During the tamping process, the tamping tines interact with the ballast matrix, transferring the displacement caused by the dynamic excitation to the ballast, compacting it under the sleeper. This interaction is observed and measured in-situ within the framework of a research project presented in this paper. Lateral forces and compaction energy, together with the loading and unloading response of the ballast matrix during compaction are used to determine the ballast condition. Serving as a confirmation of the ballast condition definitions made based on the in-situ measurements, a semi-analytical model of the tamping unit-ballast matrix interaction has been developed. The mechanical model is used to simulate different ballast conditions in order to optimize the ballast life cycle and improve the understanding of ballast behaviour under cyclic loading.

Adverse retention: Strategic renewal of guaranteed renewable term life insurance policies

AbstractThis study examines adverse retention using guaranteed renewable level term life insurance policies as a sample. No additional underwriting or physical examination is performed at the time of renewal. Our results show adverse retention exists in retention decisions. Further, we also find that the degree of adverse retention increases with age and policy amount and decreases with time elapses. Our results are robust with respect to the trend of before and after the renewal. During the prerenewal period, we find the prerenewal mortality rate is not higher than the nonrenewal mortality rate which is opposite to the evidence of postrenewal period. We also find correlation between “residuals of lapse” and “residuals of fatalities” is positive, also implying adverse retention exists. Most empirical studies on adverse selection often face problems such as the role of underwriting, entanglement of adverse selection, moral hazard, and regulations. Our study is free of these problems.

Study of the Ultraviolet Effect and Thermal Analysis on Polypropylene Nonwoven Geotextile

The use of polymeric materials such as geosynthetics in infrastructure works has been increasing over the last decades, as they bring down costs and provide long-term benefits. However, the aging of polymers raises the question of its long-term durability and for this reason researchers have been studying a sort of techniques to search for the required renewal time. This paper examined a commercial polypropylene (PP) nonwoven geotextile before and after 500 h and 1000 h exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light by performing laboratory accelerated ultraviolet-aging tests. The state of the polymeric material after UV exposure was studied through a wide set of tests, including mechanical and physical tests and thermoanalytical tests and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The calorimetric evaluations (DSC) showed distinct behaviors in sample melting points, attributed to the UV radiation effect on the aged samples. Furthermore, after exposure, the samples presented low thermal stability in the thermomechanical analysis (TMA), with a continuing decrease in their thicknesses. The tensile tests showed an increase in material stiffness after exposition. This study demonstrates that UV aging has effects on the properties of the polypropylene polymer.

Simulation of interfacial mass transfer process accompanied by Rayleigh convection in NaCl solution

Rayleigh convection caused by dissolved CO2 is critical for CO2 capture and storage technology in saline aquifers. However, the poor experimental measurements of theoretical model parameters limit a further analysis of the interfacial mass transfer process after the convection occurring. In this study, a two-dimensional lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) including electrostatic and volume forces is used to simulate Rayleigh convection for CO2 in a NaCl solution at 293.15 K, 1.00 atm. Through calculating the key parameter of the simulated onset time, it indicates that the CO2 interfacial concentration is only 15–20% of the saturated concentration at the true gas–liquid mass transfer interface. Besides, the simulated convective onset time would be delayed by increasing the salt concentration. The average instantaneous mass transfer factor is also decreased with the increased concentration and when the concentration of the NaCl solution is less than 3 mol L−1 (M), the mass transfer rate can be accelerated by more than 3.2 times. We propose a new method to obtain surface renewal time which is determined according to the concentration and velocity field simulated by LBM and find that changes in mass transfer rate follow the penetration theory in the molecular diffusion stage while abiding by the surface renewal theory in the interfacial convection stage. Our results can provide a valuable guide for relevant economic evaluation and appropriate geological sequestrated sites.

Flushing rates and hydrodynamical characteristics of Mosquito Lagoon (Florida, USA).

A hydrodynamic model is applied to a domain encompassing Mosquito Lagoon and a segment of north Indian River Lagoon on the east coast of Florida with the goals of (1) describing the hydrodynamic regime of the area according to existing conditions and (2) to determine the flushing rates of the system after introducing a hypothetical pollutant (numerical dye tracer). Results from the 1-year simulation agree with observations and show that the Mosquito Lagoon (ML) and North Indian River Lagoon (NIRL) are dominated by the nontidal (low frequency) water level oscillations except at the northernmost part of the ML where the influence of tidal renewal dominates. The global tracer application results reveal that only the two northernmost segments of Mosquito Lagoon (ML-ac and ML-df) reach 50% of tracer concentrations (R50) within the year of simulation (day 19 and day 176 respectively). The five (discrete) segments tracer study resulted in lower R50 values and the hypothetical pollutant is removed (flushed) from each of the segments within the year and with an averaged renewal time value for the Mosquito Lagoon basin of 98days. Observed throughout the simulation period is the interaction across the different segments and a predominantly two-layered water mass exchange through the Haulover Canal. Most significant is that the resulting renewal times (R50) indicate the existence of three dynamically distinct sections within Mosquito Lagoon. These findings aid in the identification of poorly flushed zones and serve as a baseline for the duration and possible propagation of detrimental conditions such as a harmful algal bloom (HAB) event or a contaminant spill.

PENGARUH WAKTU PEMBAHARUAN SADAPAN POHON PINUS (Pinus merkusii) PADA UMUR BERBEDA TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS GETAH

Pine sap exploitation is growing because demand for pine sap in Indonesia and the world is increasing. Pine sap productivity is influenced by several factors including tapping, tree species, diameter, and age of stands. In the tapping method, one of them is the renewal time of tapping with the quarre system which is supposed to save the tapping area and get the maximum sap. This paper studies the effect of the renewal of the pine tree tapping at different ages on the productivity of the sap. The proposed method is a survey with a purposive sample determination with 3 different treatments, namely treatment A of the 3-day quarre renewal, treatment B of the 5-day quarre renewal, and treatment of the renewal of the 7-day quarre by administering stimulants. Performed at different age classes IV, VI, and VIII. Field observational data is then processed using a factorial Completely Randomized Plan analysis with two factors. The results showed that the renewal of quarre had a significant effect on the average productivity of pine tree sap at 95% confidence intervals (α = 0.05). The highest average productivity on treatment B renewal of 5 days quarre was 12.17 grams /quarre/day at age classes VI and the lowest average productivity was at treatment C of renewal of 7 days with 4.61 grams /quarre/day at age classes IV.