Timing Of Peak Blood Glucose Research Articles

Glycemic indices of dates “Ramadan Symbolic Food” in patients with type 2 diabetes using continuous glucose monitoring system

AimThe high consumption of dates during Ramadan raises the question about its glycemic index (GI) and its effect on the glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We aimed to determine the GI of varieties of meals containing dates in healthy subjects compared to patients with T2DM and the effect of dates on the postprandial glucose excursions using continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS). Method and ResultsTwenty patients with T2DM and twenty healthy subjects matched for age, sex and body weight participated. Testing was applied on separate days (on 3 occasions) with 50 g of glucose and 50 g equivalent of available carbohydrates from 9 date meals. The GI was calculated as ratios of the incremental areas under the response curves for dates in comparison to glucose. Minimed-530 g-diabetes-system-with-enlite was used for continuous glucose monitoring. There was no significant difference between the mean GI of dates between both study groups. However, there was a significant difference according to the time of peak blood glucose among varieties of meals containing dates in T2DM. ConclusionStudied varieties of dates have low GI. CGMS valued beyond GI calculation to study the postprandial glucose excursions among patients with T2DM.

The Comparison of Diet Menu Quality Based on Red Rice as a Staple Food Using Glycemic Response Variables

Glycemic Index have relevance in the regulation of blood glucose with different glycemic response variables that are useful for T2DM. This study aims to determine glycemic response variables, including Peak of Blood Glucose Level (PBGL), Time of Peak Blood Glucose (TPBG), Maximum Increase of Blood Glucose (MIBG), 2-hours of Postpandrial Blood Glucose (2hPPBG) and Incremental Area Under Glucose Curve (IAUC) of Indonesian local food with staple food dishes based on red rice by different preparation process and composition of menus recipes standard, energy and macronutrient, the total dietary fiber (TDF), glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL). The subjects were 5 men and 5 women with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). They consumed six types of menus on separate occasions in random order after overnight fasting. There were differences in all glycemic response variables with reference food, except for the TPBG.

Delayed timing of post-challenge peak blood glucose predicts declining beta cell function and worsening glucose tolerance over time: insight from the first year postpartum.

On cross-sectional assessment, a delayed timing of the peak blood glucose level at ≥60min post-challenge on an OGTT is associated with beta cell dysfunction. In this context, we hypothesised that longitudinal changes in the timing of this peak might predict changes in glucose metabolism. We thus sought to evaluate the longitudinal associations of changes in the timing of the peak glucose level with changes over time in insulin sensitivity, beta cell function and glucose tolerance. A total of 532 women underwent an OGTT at both 3months and 12months postpartum. The participants were stratified into four groups according to the change in timing of their glucose peak between the two visits: women with no change in timing of the glucose peak at 30min (n = 217), those whose glucose peak shifted to an earlier time point (n = 120), those whose peak shifted to a later time point (n = 87) and women with an unchanged glucose peak at ≥60min (n = 108). Beta cell function was measured using the Insulin Secretion-Sensitivity Index-2 (ISSI-2). Compared with an unchanged glucose peak at 30min, both the shift of the glucose peak to a later time point and a peak that was unchanged at ≥60min were independently associated with declining ISSI-2 scores (β = -127.5, p < 0.001 and β = -98.8, p = 0.006, respectively) and increased 2h post-challenge glucose levels (β = 1.28, p < 0.001 and β = 0.91, p < 0.001, respectively) between the two visits. Furthermore, both these patterns of change in peak were independently associated with worsening glucose tolerance (from normal to prediabetes [defined as impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance]/diabetes or from prediabetes to diabetes) (OR 8.1, 95% CI 3.0, 22.1 and OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.2, 11.7, respectively). A delayed timing of the post-challenge peak glucose level is associated with declining beta cell function and worsening glucose tolerance over time.

Timing of Peak Blood Glucose after Breakfast Meals of Different Glycemic Index in Women with Gestational Diabetes

This study aims to determine the peak timing of postprandial blood glucose level (PBGL) of two breakfasts with different glycemic index (GI) in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Ten women with diet-controlled GDM who were between 30 and 32 weeks of gestation were enrolled in the study. They consumed two carbohydrate controlled, macronutrient matched bread-based breakfasts with different GI (low vs. high) on two separate occasions in a random order after an overnight fast. PBGLs were assessed using a portable blood analyser. Subjects were asked to indicate their satiety rating at each blood sample collection. Overall the consumption of a high GI breakfast resulted in a greater rise in PBGL (mean ± SEM peak PBGL: low GI 6.7 ± 0.3 mmol/L vs. high GI 8.6 ± 0.3 mmol/L; p < 0.001) and an earlier peak PBGL time (16.9 ± 4.9 min earlier; p = 0.015), with high variability in PBGL time between subjects. There was no significant difference in subjective satiety throughout the test period. In conclusion, the low GI breakfast produced lower postprandial glycemia, and the peak PBGL occurred closer to the time recommended for PBGL monitoring (i.e., 1 h postprandial) in GDM than a macronutrient matched high GI breakfast.