Bleaching Time Research Articles

Facile preparation of vanadium oxide films under varied calcination temperature and their multicolor electrochromic behaviors

A vanadium oxide (VO) film was prepared on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass using a simple electrophoretic method and the VO film and its device demonstrated multicolor electrochromic properties of yellow, green, orange-red, and their intermediate colors. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) were employed to characterize the composition of the as-prepared films. The ratio of V5+/V4+ in the XPS is significantly different in the yellow, green, and orange-red states and this ratio can be adjusted by applied voltages. The detailed effect of calcination temperature as a post-treatment method on the electrochromic performance of VO film was explored. With the increase of calcination temperature, the optical modulation ability of the films was enhanced, and the color change contrast of the films was most obvious at 200 °C. Meanwhile, the cyclic stability of the VO films was also enhanced. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves show that the prepared V2O5 films have high cyclic stability at a calcination temperature of 300 °C. The color efficiency (CE) values of the VO devices were 3.4 cm2C-1 (from initial yellow to green) and 21.6 cm2C-1 (from green to orange-red) at 700 nm, and the coloring time (Tc) and bleaching time (Tb) of the VO devices were 6 s and 10 s, respectively. This work develops a simple and environmentally friendly method to prepare VO films and their devices with multicolor electrochromic properties.

Silver doping effect on the electrochromic performance of the WO3 thin films produced by thermal evaporation in vacuum

Ag doped WO3 thin films are successfully fabricated by thermal evaporation method in vacuum as precursor, and then annealed at 450 °C in nitrogen gases atmosphere. Cyclic voltammetry, repeating chronoamperometry, chronocolumetry and optical transmittance are recorded in 1 M LiClO4/propylene carbonate electrolyte. The color of the WO3 thin films changes from transparent to the blue under the applied potential of -1.8 and +1.9 V. XRD studies show that all the films have a polycrystalline structure of WO3. The molecular formation is also confirmed by Raman and X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The EDS elemental mappings clearly confirm the homogeneous distribution of Ag, W and O elements into the WO3 network. From the optical studies, indirect band gap energy of the WO3 decreases as Ag doping level increases. The best coloration and bleaching times (2.33 and 1.25 s) are obtained for the Ag(2%):WO3 thin films, compared to the pure WO3 (3.79 and 1.96 s). The produced WO3 films exhibit high reversibility (39.6/69.1%), high coloration efficiency values (26.3/141.2 cm2/C), and good cycling stability. From the EIS measurements, the charge-transfer resistance is Ag(2%):WO3 < the pure WO3 < Ag(5%):WO3 < Ag(8%):WO3, which means that Ag(2%):WO3 has the biggest electrochemically active surface area. Electronic energy levels of the pure WO3 and the Ag:WO3 thin films are also given. From the Mott-Schottky studies, it is determined that the donor concentration of the materials is of the order of 1014-1015 cm−3. In the literature, there are very limited studies related to electrochromic thin films by thermal evaporation in vacuum. In this sense, the reported results in this study are promising for the electrochromic applications.

Electrochromic conjugated polymers: The relationship of gradient band gap and electrochromic performance

In the pursuit of high-performance electrochromic materials, in this paper, six donor-acceptor type with different gradient band gaps electrochromic conjugated polymers, named PBTz-T, PBTz-TT, PBTz-DT, PTBTO8-T, PTBTO8-TT, and PTBTO8-DT, were synthesized via direct (hetero) arylation polymerization, employing two benzothiadiazole derivatives with varying electron-accepting capabilities and three thiophene derivatives with different electron-donating capacities. The structures, optical, electrochemical, and electrochromic properties of the six polymers were investigated. As the number of fused thiophene increases, enhancing the electron-donating ability, a growth trend of electrochemical stability is observed for all polymers. Meanwhile, enhance electron-accepting capabilities of acceptors (from benzotriazole to benzothiadiazole) significantly lower the electronic band gap and improve electrochemical stability. PBTz-DT boasts a bleaching time of 0.3 s, outperforming most reported electrochromic polymers. PBTz-T, at 530 nm, exhibits exceptionally high coloration efficiency, reaching 916 cm2 C⁻1, and demonstrates higher electron utilization and lower energy consumption, making it an excellent candidate for high-performance electrochromic devices. This work compared studies the relationship of gradient band gaps of electrochromic conjugated polymers and their electrochemical and electrochromic performance, offers new insights into enhancing the electrochemical stability and synthesizing high coloration efficiency electrochromic materials.

Correlation between thermoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence of LiMgPO4:Tb,Sm,B phosphor

LiMgPO4:Tb,Sm,B is a promising material for dosimetry applications, particularly in optically stimulated luminescence (OSL). This study aimed to explore residual thermoluminescence (R-TL) glow curves after different light bleaching times to establish a connection between TL traps and OSL components for the first time. The OSL decay curves and R-TL glow curve intensities were analyzed using exponential decay functions to account for optical decay, enabling identification of the OSL components and bleaching decay rates of each TL peak. A correlation between the decay rates of OSL components and bleaching decay rates of TL peaks, as well as the relationship between increased OSL intensity and decreased TL intensity were studied for different irradiation doses. Various bleaching models were evaluated to determine the most appropriate one for LiMgPO4:Tb,Sm,B. A non-thermally sensitive deep electron trap is proposed to enhance the understanding of the luminescence mechanism in LiMgPO4:Tb,Sm,B.

Study on electro-optical dual-control color-changing and energy-storage device based on Mo-WO3 and Al-TiO2 thin film electrode

Under optical and electrical control, a multifunctional electro-optical dual-control color-changing and energy-storage device not only realizes quick color conversion, but also achieves good storage performance. In this work, Mo doped WO3 (Mo-WO3) films were synthesized through one-step hydrothermal method and N719/Al doped TiO2 (N719/Al-TiO2) films were synthesized by hydrothermal and dip-dyeing method. Eventually, choosing Mo-WO3 as cathode and N719/Al-TiO2 film as anode, a multifunctional electro-optical dual-control Mo-WO3@N719/Al-TiO2 color-changing and energy-storage device was constructed. Under electrical control, the device shows excellent coloration efficiency (73.99 cm2/C), fast color switching rate (coloring/ bleaching time is 3.6 s/1.4 s), obviously improved area capacitance (about 82.6 mF/cm2) and excellent cycle stability. Under optical control, the device also shows shortened response time (coloring/ bleaching is 64.3 s/143.4 s), outstanding coloration efficiency (70.49 cm2/C), better area capacitance (about 58.6 mF/cm2) and excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency (10.56 %).

High-Performance Black Copolymers Enabling Full Spectrum Control in Electrochromic Devices.

Black-to-transparent electrochromism is hailed as the holy grail of organic optoelectronics. Despite its potential, designing black electrochromic materials that fully absorb visible light remains a significant challenge. Electroactive materials that simultaneously possess excellent cyclic stability, fast switching times, and high coloration efficiency are rare. In this study, we successfully designed copolymers that fully absorb the entire visible spectrum byjudiciously selecting four types of monomers. We incorporated two types of polar side chains to synergistically enhance the ionic conductivity of the copolymers, thus improving the performance of electrochromic devices. Among these electrochromic devices, the P2-a device exhibits cycling stability exceeding 105 cycles, and the P2-c device demonstrates a coloring/ bleaching time of 0.82 s/0.86 s and achieves a coloration efficiency of 1078 cm²/C. This study proposes a strategy for designing and synthesizing high-performance black electrochromic copolymers.

Synthesis, optimization, electrochemical and electrochromic properties of Zr-doped NiO films by chemical spray pyrolysis

Zirconium (Zr)-doped NiO films with different contents were successfully synthesized via the chemical spray pyrolysis technique. The structure, morphology, optical and electrochemical behaviors of these films were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), UV–Vis-NIR spectrophotometry, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and chronoamperometry (CA). XRD results suggested that the synthesized samples have the cubic crystal structure and a preferred orientation along the plane (111). Raman spectra further confirmed the successful incorporation of zirconium ions into the NiO films. SEM images explained that the surfaces of the doped films were composed of uniform and dense nanoparticles. EDS analysis suggested that Zr, Ni and O elements were uniformly distributed on the films. The optical results showed that the band gap decreases from 3.53 eV to 3.47 eV as the increase of zirconium doping content. The electrochemical analysis suggested that zirconium doping improved the specific capacitance of the NiO films (the NiO film with the Zr amount of 7 %, 59 F/g at 6 mV/s). In addition, the NiO film with 5 % Zr doped amount exhibited the largest ΔOD (81 %), the largest CE (60.37 cm2/C), and the fastest coloring time (tc =2.1 s) and bleaching time (tb = 2.4 s). These results showed that this film had the excellent electrochromic properties, suggesting that the optimal Zr doped amount of NiO films is 5 %. As a novel kind of electrochromic material, the Zr-doped NiO film has broad application prospects in smart windows, green buildings and energy efficient utilization fields.

Robust Dual-Color Electrochromism of Vanadium Oxide Nanorods Embedded on Reduced Graphene Oxide: Unraveling the Mechanism

Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), associated with both cathodic and anodic coloration, is considered as one of the best electrochromic (EC) materials for energy-saving smart electronics. Here we present the fabrication and detailed mechanism analysis for improving the electrochromic properties of V2O5 incorporated in a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) matrix using a facile wet chemical method. The microstructural study disclosed the formation of prominent V2O5 nanorods embedded in the rGO matrix. The optimized electrochromic film resulted in coloration (tc) and bleaching time (tb) of ∼6.2 and ∼4.8 s, respectively, much faster than the color switching kinetics of the pristine V2O5 sample (tc ∼ 19.4 s, tb ∼ 15.3 s). The more dispersed structure also ensured an approximate 400% enhancement in the optical modulation of EC film and reflected a noticeable improvement in the coloration efficiency (∼347 cm2/C) of V2O5 film. Modification with rGO resulted in an outstanding improvement in the electrochemical redox stability of V2O5 up to 5000 CV cycles with minimum deterioration in the curve area. The formation of nanorod structure was the prime factor for better ion diffusion and thereby facilitating enhanced performance.

Unveiling dynamics evolution mechanism of electrochromic process in WO3-x film with thickness dependence

Response time (τ, defined as the time required for 90% change in the full transmittance modulation, including coloring time τc and bleaching time τb) is an important evaluation index for the performance of electrochromic (EC) materials, and it can directly reflect the microscopic rate of EC process. However, the research on the internal relationship between the response time and the process of electrochemical dynamics is rare. Herein, by controlling the thickness of the WO3-x EC film, a complete reversal of the response time (from τc > τb in the thinner film to τb > τc in the thicker film) is observed. Based on the detailed analysis of the characteristics presented in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), especially focusing on the changing trend about the arc of different frequency ranges and the slope value of the linear part, it can be found that this reversal is due to the change of the main dynamics process from surface capacitive-controlled to bulk diffusion-controlled with the increase of WO3-x film thickness. Meanwhile, this change with obvious film thickness dependence requires a "trigger", which is reflected by the bleaching threshold potential. Besides, this study reveals the three stages of the EC coloring process from the perspective of dynamics, including the lithium-ions (Li-ions) adsorption charge layer, surface Faraday process, and bulk Faraday process, which also show significant film thickness dependence. The result of this work is beneficial to modulate the balance of response time and to improve the performance of EC films.

Structural optimization of ion storage layer for highly stable electrochromic devices based on polythiophene derivative films

Due to their rich color, fast switching speed and high coloration efficiency, polymer-based electrochromic devices (ECDs) have broad application prospects in various fields such as smart windows, anti-glare rearview mirrors, displays and adaptive camouflage. However, the preparation of highly stable polymer-based ECDs is still a great challenge. Herein, we present a simple and efficient strategy to construct the poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) composite film or PEDOT/MWCNTs bilayer film, which serves as ion storage layer. The ECDs are assembled with poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as EC layer due to its good EC behavior. The P3HT film was prepared by potentiostatic deposition, and the PEDOT, PEDOT-MWCNTs and PEDOT/MWCNTs films were obtained by spray-coating technology. We investigated the structure, morphology and electrochemical performance of P3HT, PEDOT, PEDOT-MWCNTs and PEDOT/MWCNTs films, and EC properties of devices. The results indicate that the rough and porous P3HT film consists of many nanoparticles. Compared with PEDOT-MWCNTs composite film, the PEDOT/MWCNTs film is more loose and porous, where PEDOT nanoparticles and some PEDOT nanosheets are coated on a three-dimensional skeleton film of MWCNTs. These films possess good electrochemical performance. The ECD based on P3HT and PEDOT/MWCNTs films achieves an optical contrast of 38 % and coloration efficiency of 375 cm2/C, exhibiting good cyclic stability (retaining 92 % of initial optical contrast after 2000 cycles). Its coloration time and bleaching time are 0.60 and 1.83 s, respectively. This study suggests that structural optimization of ion storage layer might be a facile strategy for fabricating highly stable polymer-based ECDs.

Bleaching effect on bonding performance of composite to enamel.

This study aimed to assess the effects of dental bleaching on the immediate shear bond strength (SBS) of composite to enamel. Different bleaching methods and time intervals between bleaching and composite restoration were examined. A total of 45 enamel specimens were divided into three groups (n = 15) based on the applied bleaching protocol: in-office (A), at-home (B), and unbleached control (C). Groups A and B were then subdivided into three time intervals until bonding: 1, 3, and 7 days. The composite was bonded to enamel using self-etch adhesive technique and submitted to SBS testing. The enamel surface and adhesive interface were observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The highest average SBS was measured in the control (unbleached) group (31.1 ± 3.4). A significant difference in SBS was found between the control and in-office bleaching (p < .001), as well as between control and at-home bleaching (p = .034), while the difference between in-office and at-home bleaching methods was insignificant. In relation to the waiting period, a significant reduction in SBS (p < .001) was found 1 day post-bleaching. The weakest marginal sealing to enamel under SEM was observed also 1 day after bleaching. Both bleaching methods significantly reduced the SBS of composite to enamel, especially immediately after the bleaching procedure. Reduction in SBS is temporary and 3-day waiting period seems to be sufficient to reverse the adverse effects of bleaching. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: SBS of composite to enamel is significantly reduced by bleaching procedures, especially immediately after bleaching. The reduction in SBS is temporary and reversible by delaying the restoration for a minimum of 3 days.

Quality evaluation and identification of Houttuynia cordata bleached with sodium metabisulfite based on whole spectrum metabolomics

Houttuynia Cordata (HC) is a widely distributed plant in Asia and is used extensively for both food and medicinal purposes. A preliminary investigation found that HC is often bleached with sodium metabisulfite solution during its field processing, leading to health risks. In this study, the effects of sodium metabisulfite on the quality of HC were comprehensively evaluated using volatile and non-volatile targeted metabolomic methods. The results revealed a positive correlation between the extent of chemical composition changes and the bleaching time. These notable changes mainly occurred at the initial stage of bleaching. Subsequently, an untargeted UPLC/Q-TOF MS method was used to explore the potential chemical bleaching markers in bleached HC. The marker 1-hydroxy-3-oxodecane-1-sulfonic acid was subsequently prepared, isolated, and identified. Market sample verification further validated the accuracy and effectiveness of this marker.

In vitro evaluation of the tooth bleaching efficacy and safety of high-concentration hydrogen peroxide with cold atmospheric plasma

BackgroundUsing hydrogen peroxide (HP) for tooth bleaching may induce various side effects. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a promising solution. We aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of tooth bleaching using high-concentration HP with CAP with conventional in-office bleaching. MethodsFifty-one discolored extracted human teeth were assigned to three groups: Group 1 (light-emitting diode with 35 % HP), Group 2 (CAP with 35 % HP), and Group 3 (only CAP). Bleaching was conducted over three sessions for a total of 20 min. The bleaching effect was evaluated based on the changes in color (ΔE00 and WID) and lightness (ΔL⁎ and ΔG). Safety was assessed by examining the dark areas on the enamel and monitoring the pulp chamber temperature. The study analyzed how different bleaching methods and durations affected ΔE00 and ΔWID using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). The Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests were used for ΔL⁎ and dark areas, and one-way ANOVA for ΔG after 20 min of bleaching. ResultsThe ΔE00 and WID demonstrated an interaction based on the bleaching method and time, with Group 1 exhibiting the highest ΔE00 and WID at all treatment times (p < 0.001). ΔL⁎ and ΔG did not differ significantly between Groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.056 and 0.062, respectively) and were lowest in Group 3 (p < 0.001). Group 1 exhibited the darkest areas and highest pulp chamber temperatures (p < 0.001). Group 1 exhibited statistically significant color changes. Group 2 demonstrated similar effects, but with enhanced safety profiles. ConclusionsGroup 2, although displaying a slightly less pronounced color change compared with Group 1, achieved a color alteration readily discernible to the naked eye. This suggests that CAP with 35 % HP could be an interesting area for further investigation as an alternative to traditional in-office bleaching methods.

Variasi Waktu Bleaching dan Jenis Adsorben untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Minyak Ikan Silase Bandeng

Milkfish is often processed into various products due to its nutritious and delicious taste. However, these production activities inevitably generate waste in the form of heads, bones, and offal, which are underutilized and contribute to environmental problems. Milkfish waste, which still contains a high-fat content, can be utilized to produce fish oil using the silage method. The pale and clear color of fish oil is one of the factors affecting consumer acceptance. This study aimed to determine the quality of fish oil derived from milkfish silage. Two factors were applied: bleaching time (10, 15, and 20 minutes) and various adsorbents (bentonite, activated carbon, and zeolite), treated as experimental variables. The results showed that the type of adsorbent and the duration of bleaching significantly affected (p&lt;0.05) the quality characteristics of fish oil. The best results in this study were observed in samples subjected to a bleaching time of 20 minutes treatment with zeolite adsorbent, with a yield value of 95.91±0.25%. The color (L) was observed at 34.25±0.40; clarity at 98,35±0,50 %T; specific gravity at 0,833±0,00 g/mL; acid number at 0,28±0,00 mgKOH/g, free fatty acids at 0,13±0,00%, peroxide number at 0,60±0,14 mEq/kg. Overall, all treatments' physical and chemical characteristics, on average, have met the standard quality criteria established by SNI, IFOS, IFOMA, Draft CAC, and Farmakope.

Heteroleptic Cu(I) complex with vapochromism and its application as electrochromic material

Heteroleptic Cu(I) complex with vapochromism and its application as electrochromic material

Layer-stacked polyaniline/silver nanowire composite film for multicolor electrochromic smart windows with dual-band optical modulation

Dual-band electrochromic smart windows (DESWs) have attracted widely concern for their potential in significantly reducing building energy consumption by selectively controlling near-infrared (NIR) and visible light (VIS) transmittance. However, its monotonous color changes limit its large-scale application. In this study, we designed a DESW based on the layer-stacked polyaniline (PANI)/silver Nanowires (Ag NWs) composite films. When PANI films is stacked layer by layer with Ag NWs, it not only performs dual band regulation, but also exhibits impressive electrochromic performance with rich color conversions (light yellow, yellow-green and blue-black). The four-layer PANI/Ag NWs composite film outperformed the pure single-layer PANI film because of the faster electron transfer, its coloring time and bleaching time at 525 nm were shortened to 6.7 s and 18.0 s, respectively, and the coloring efficiency was increased to 45.5 cm2 C-1. After 2500 cycles, the PANI/Ag NWs films tend to have better cycle stability. Therefore, the incorporation of Ag NWs enhances the electrochromic performance of PANI films, providing valuable insights for advancing single-component organic electrochromic materials.

In Vitro Evaluation of Remineralization Potential: Whey Extract, Fluoride Varnish, and Fluoride Mouthwash on Bleached Enamel

Background: Extrinsic discoloration is treated with bleaching which increases enamel porosity and roughness. Remineralizing materials is applied to avoid the bleaching side effects. The current study aimed to evaluate time dependent safety of bleaching materials on enamel surfaces roughness, and to assess the remineralizing potential of whey extract as a natural product and to compare it with the commercially available fluoride varnish and fluoride mouthwash after maximum bleaching time (30 min.). Methods: Extracted human incisor teeth without cracks or any enamel defects were used in this study. Teeth were cleaned and decoronated at the level of the cementoenamel junction. A nail varnish was used to cover the entire surface of the crowns of each tooth, leaving a window measuring 4 mm × 4mm. Bleaching material was applied to the enamel of all teeth specimens. The Application of bleaching material was repeated 2 more times, each time for 10 minutes, which amounted in total to 30 min. The specimens in group 1 were soaked in artificial saliva, the specimens in group 2 were soaked in whey extract, the specimens in group 3 were treated with fluoride varnish and group 4 specimens were soaked in fluoride mouthwash. Results: The mean value of the surface roughness of all the teeth specimens was increased significantly after bleaching for 10 minutes, 20 minutes and 30 minutes (p=0.000) when compared with baseline mean value. As well, there was significant direct correlation between application time of bleaching material and mean value of surface roughness (r= 0.94). There were no significant differences (p&gt;0.05) between the specimens of the 4 groups when the mean value of surface roughness compared at baseline and after bleaching. But, after treatment, there was significant difference (p≤0.05) between the 4 groups, with the best result obtained from whey extract and fluoride varnish. Conclusions: The enamel surface roughness is significantly and directly correlated with prolonged application time of bleaching material. Remineralizing materials; whey extract, fluoride varnish and fluoride mouth wash had significantly decreased enamel surface roughness caused by bleaching. Whey extract has statistically the same effect as fluoride varnish on decreasing the surface roughness of bleached enamel surface.

A wet bacterial cellulose film self-anchored by phosphotungstic acid: Flexible, quick-response and stable cycling performance for photochromic application

Bacterial cellulose (BC) has been recognized as an ideal supporter owning to its abundant hydroxyl groups on the surface. In this work, Keggin-type phosphotungstic acid (H3PW12O40, PWA) is self-anchored on the three-dimensional network of BC by a simple diffusion method at room-temperature. BC fibers can protect the well-dispersed PWA with high transparency, high mechanical strength, and high stability. When PWA/BC serves as a photochromic material, the coloration time and bleaching time are only 3 min and 30 min respectively. After 6 cycles, the photochromic ability of the PWA/BC composite film almost unchanged. At the same time, we convert the coloration and bleaching degree into quantitative data including a color difference calculation of ΔE2000 and the remaining degree of color (RC%). Within the BC system, PWA exhibits a special linear relationship between RC% and bleaching time (0–30 min). The processes of PWA/BC reduction (W6+→W5+) and oxidation (W5+→W6+) are analysed by photo-electrochromic, XPS and ESR characterizations. The revealed excellent photochromic properties of soft PWA/BC films highlight their potential as the photoresponsive materials.

High-performance electrochromic device based on poly acrylamide gel polymer electrolyte containing hypromellose

Cellulose is one of the most widely distributed and abundant natural polymer material. Hypromellose (HPMC), a cellulose derivative, has received much attention in recent years in the field of electrolytes because of its biodegradability, high transparency, excellent water solubility and biocompatibility. In this work, poly acrylamide (PAM)-based hydrogel electrolytes with high ionic conductivity (5.3 × 10−2 S cm−1) and high transmittance (95.8% at 672 nm) were prepared by thermocuring AM monomer containing a certain amount of HPMC. We assembled an electrochromic device (ECD) based on this gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) with Prussian blue (PB) film and WO3·xH2O film. The ECD enables color switching between colorless and blue states. The optical modulation at 672 nm is 73.2% and the coloration efficiency is 154.7 cm2⋅C−1. The coloration time and bleaching time are 2.5 and 3.1 s, respectively. In addition, the optical modulation of the ECD remains 93.7% of its initial value after 1,000 cycles, demonstrating a good cycling stability of the ECD, which should be attributed to the existence of large number of hydrogen bonds between PAM and HPMC.

ISOLATION OF CELLULOSE FROM SIWALAN FIBER (BORASSUS FLABELLIFER L.) USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

Objective: This study investigated the isolation of α-cellulose powder from siwalan fibers (Borassus flabellifer L.).&#x0D; Methods: The methods include delignification using 10% NaOH, and bleaching using 10% NaOCl. The present research used response surface methodology (RSM) to investigate the impact of temperature and duration on the bleaching process. Two factors were evaluated and optimized using the central composite design (CCD).&#x0D; Results: The findings revealed that the hit quality and white degree were 91.5% and 52.58% when the temperature and time of bleaching were 40 °C and 30 min, respectively. Utilizing an analysis of variance (ANOVA), the most influential factors on the percentage of strike quality and whiteness degree were identified. Absorption at 3323.34 cm-1 for O-H, 2893.22 cm-1 for C-H, 1371.38 cm-1 for C-O-H, and 1157.28 cm-1 for C-O, according to FTIR characterization results, are characteristic cellulose peaks.&#x0D; Conclusion: The cellulose characterization results acquired in this work show that the temperature in the bleaching process has a significant effect on the cellulose isolation results.