Moment In Time Research Articles

РОЗРОБКА ТА ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ АЛГОРИТМІВ ВИМІРЮВАННЯ ПАРАМЕТРІВ ЕЛЕКТРОЕНЕРГІЇ У РАЗІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ФІКСОВАНОЇ ЧАСТОТИ ДИСКРЕТИЗАЦІЇ СИГНАЛІВ

A study of the possibilities of measuring current values, phase shift angles and other parameters of electrical networks using these data, when sampling with a frequency not multiple of the network frequency, was carried out. In the proposed algorithm, an intermediate linear approximation is used to calculate the instantaneous values of interpolated signals at equidistant moments of time during the period of the main frequency of the network. The cases when such sampling is performed on one device with sequential or simultaneous coding of input signals and the case when sampling frequencies do not match in each measurement channel are considered. A study of the use of these methods was conducted using the developed computer model and layout of the distributed measurement system. References 32, figures 19.

Perceptions of Cryptocurrencies and Modern Money before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland and Germany

Research background: Despite the fact that the issue of private, decentralized digital money (cryptocurrencies) is already quite extensively described in the literature dedicated to the financial system, especially its periphery, there is a deficiency in terms of research on the opinions of participants in the financial system, based on trust in money and its widespread acceptance. International comparative studies are lacking, particularly those conducted before and after the COVID-19 virus pandemic. The pandemic showed that people had significantly changed their willingness to use different forms of money. Being isolated at home and avoiding direct contact with others, people started to use digital money more frequently. Purpose of the article: In response to the identified research gap, this study reports research results on the perception of cryptocurrencies by young financial market participants. It attempts to provide answers to the following research questions: (1) Has the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown of economies caused changes at the international level in perceptions and attitudes toward the traditional monetary system and cryptocurrencies? (2) Has the COVID-19 pandemic changed perceptions of cryptocurrencies as a potential alternative to current fiat money? Methods: To evaluate respondents’ opinions, a survey in the form of a questionnaire was conducted. The respondent groups in 2019/2020 were N = 171 (Germany = 143 and Poland = 128), while in 2021, N = 157 (Germany = 95 and Poland = 62). For analytical purposes, statistical analysis using the Z ratio test was used to capture the characteristics of the response distributions and the relationships between them. These two moments in time allowed us to determine whether there were significant changes between opinions before and after COVID-19. Findings & value added: The study’s results showed that while there are significant differences in perceptions of the traditional monetary system and cryptocurrencies due to a variety of factors, the COVID-19 pandemic and the shutdown of economies did not cause statistically significant differences in this regard.

Modeling the Drying Process of Onion Slices Using Artificial Neural Networks

One of the food preservation technologies is the drying process, which requires heat and is significantly energy-intensive, resulting in high costs. This caused the search for new design solutions for dryers, which requires continuous experimental research and the creation of new decision-supporting models for the optimization of drying processes. In this work, four models of the kinetics of convective onion drying were developed using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), taking into account pre-treatment before drying and the different temperatures of the drying agent. The moisture content in the dried material at a specific moment in time was taken as the dependent variable (ANN output). The following were accepted as independent variables (ANN inputs): drying temperature, initial sample thickness, initial moisture content, initial mass of the sample, time of drying, and material pre-treatment (no pre-treatment—blanching–osmotic dehydration). Four semantic models were formulated, the general Ann1 model taking into account all input variables and three detailed Ann2 models for individual types of pre-treatment. For the best Ann1, the MAPE values were 5.88–7.02% (for different data: Training, Test, Validation). For the detailed Ann2 models, the error values were more than twice lower. The MAPE values ranged from 1.14% to 3.12%.

Reimagining Initial Certification as a Process That Begins During Residency to Support Continuous Development Across Training and Practice.

In the United States, initial board certification remains focused on a high-stakes knowledge examination after completion of training. A more contemporary view supports a program of assessment that includes multiple types and sources of data with an emphasis on direct workplace observation to get the best picture of an individual's performance. In this article, the authors reimagine initial certification as a continuous assessment for learning that begins in residency, focuses on both knowledge acquisition and its application, and interdigitates intentionally with the first cycle of maintenance of certification to advance learning and smooth the transition from training to practice. A more expanded view of competence, as a 3-layered construct (canonical, contextual, and personalized), supports this proposal. Canonical competence (context-independent knowledge)-best assessed through examinations of knowledge-is most heavily weighted and assessed during medical school but remains critical throughout one's career. Contextual competence (context-dependent knowledge) is best assessed in the workplace and is key during residency and fellowship as trainees navigate a myriad of clinical work environments. Personalized competence, representing the totality of one's unique areas of expertise, is best demonstrated during the practice years when deliberate practice experience supports the growth of personalized expertise and discoveries that advance the field. Shifting initial board certification from relying on an anxiety-provoking, high-stakes, often single moment in time standardized examination to a nuanced approach that is part of an individual trainee's program of assessment offers a more just and robust decision about readiness for unsupervised practice. Such a model would also sow the seeds of meaningful individualization of learning needs that begins in training, continues through practice, and lays the foundation for improving the quality of care for patients within a given practice as well as shifting the current contiguous phases of training and practice into a true continuum.

Talent inclusion: An imperfect solution to genetic testing in sport - Response to commentaries

We are extremely grateful our esteemed colleagues Craig Pickering, Duarte Araújo, Keith Davids, and Kevin Till have read and offered insightful reflections on the target article “Talent inclusion and genetic testing in sport: A practitioner’s guide”. We take the opportunity in the present article to respond to the three commentaries provided by these authors. In our target article, we highlighted at this moment in time, there is unequivocal disapproval in the scientific community with regards to the implementation of genetic testing in sport. Despite an insufficient evidence base, however, various stakeholders (e.g., athletes, support staff) have used, and will likely continue using, genetic tests. We offered potential explanations regarding the allure of genetic information to sports stakeholders before suggesting some imperfect solutions in terms of increasing genetic literacy, promoting talent inclusion, and following a minimum set of best practice guidelines.

The Variety of Lengger Banyumas’ Performances

This article aims to center on the variety of styles of lengger - a traditional art found in Banyumas, Central Java, Indonesia. The article offers a new approach towards understanding lengger by indicating the development that underwent in the performance structure. The study was conducted in Banyumas, Central Java, Indonesia for the period of over a year, between 2022 and early 2024. Using qualitative approach, this study is aimed to explore the variety of the dance practiced by local actors. By using qualitative approach, data was collected using in-depth and semi-structured interviews and participatory observation. There are 13 participants that participated in this study, consisting of local figures engaged in various lengger activities, such as dancers, teachers, and owners of dance studios. The study indicates that lengger evolved greatly in terms of its dance performance. In order to demonstrate this, I use “dance fragments” – a specific moments of performance, time and space to indicate the development of the art’s structure, based on personal etnographic study. Nine varieties of lengger were identified – lengger klasik, lengger barangan, lengger resmi, lengger muslimah, lengger garapan, lengger calung barasai, lengger selingan, lengger campursari, and lengger modern. Pointing out the various styles of lengger helps further understand the cultural processes and current trends of the society in Banyumas. Having these changes in its structure where dominant trends overshadow the traditional understanding is a way of keeping the art alive, while lengger’s peaceful cohabitation with other arts speaks about the tolerant nature of people in Banyumas.

Прогноз сильной жары в Красноярске с использованием региональной модели WRF-ARW

The reasons for the occurrence of a severe heatwave in Krasnoyarsk have been studied, and the accuracy of the forecasts of the WRF-ARW regional model has been assessed. Four episodes of hot weather in 2020, 2021, and 2023 have been analyzed. The heatwave in June 2023 was especially intense and met the criteria for a severe weather event. All examined cases were associated with the intense advection of warm tropical air in the leading edge of the upper-air trough. The formation of the urban heat island has been investigated, and its intensity in the nighttime was found to be 6.5°C. During daytime hours, the heat island was weaker than at nighttime. It has been determined that on the second day of forecasting, the WRF-ARW model accurately reproduces the urban heat island and the impact of the Yenisei River, although it underestimates the predicted amplitude of daily temperature variations. The absolute error in air temperature predictions for the time moments close to the time of daily maximum temperatures was 2.6°C (33 hours of model time).

‘I praie ye send for the courall’: children’s coral as the physical embodiment of parental hopes and fears in early modern England

ABSTRACT Mediterranean red coral has long been believed to be imbued with sacred, spiritual and healing power and was given to children across Europe in the form of an amulet, teether or medicine. In early modern England, portraits of children from affluent families and medical receipts provide snapshots of coral usage, a moment in time, which do not adequately reveal the spiritual, therapeutic and affective significance of this material within the context of unique family circumstances and a multitude of perceived threats to children’s health. Focusing on five case studies, this article delves into the lived experience of families who deemed coral objects an essential childhood accessory in the period from 1590 to 1775. Julian Herrick, a goldsmith’s widow, Sir John Oglander, a knight caught up in the civil war, Dr Garencières, a doctor confronting dangerous infection, Lady Blackett, a devoted grandmama, and Ann Lord, a woman facing destitution, all placed value on coral for their young children. This study draws on a diverse range of material and documentary evidence from the seventeenth and eighteenth century to unpack the significance of red coral for parents within a changing religious, political and medical landscape. Building on scholarship within material culture studies and the history of emotions, this study also situates children’s coral objects within emotional relationships and seeks to uncover the implicit meanings such objects held which could not be written or articulated due to illiteracy, controversy or persecution. By combining a micro-historical approach with a broader thematic analysis, the case studies presented indicate that coral occupies an important place in the history of the early modern family as the embodiment of the anxieties of parents and grandparents, a means to soothe and protect young children and a material expression of hope, love and faith, particularly during periods of crisis and separation.

Understanding How Five Women Make Meaning of Their Temporal Environment While Experiencing Homelessness

This qualitative study explores how five women perceived time while experiencing homelessness. Using in-depth interviewing, three themes emerged; 1: Homelessness is a complex, chaotic experience that changes within blended moments of time as I move from place to place. 2: Outside events influenced how I perceived and structured my time while homeless. 3: Now that I have a permanent place to live, I am taking the time to participate in new occupations and learn how to live a better life. These findings support a more nuanced understanding of time to inform work with people experiencing homelessness.

Visual periodicity reveals distinct attentional signatures for face and non-face categories.

Observers can selectively deploy attention to regions of space, moments in time, specific visual features, individual objects, and even specific high-level categories-for example, when keeping an eye out for dogs while jogging. Here, we exploited visual periodicity to examine how category-based attention differentially modulates selective neural processing of face and non-face categories. We combined electroencephalography with a novel frequency-tagging paradigm capable of capturing selective neural responses for multiple visual categories contained within the same rapid image stream (faces/birds in Exp 1; houses/birds in Exp 2). We found that the pattern of attentional enhancement and suppression for face-selective processing is unique compared to other object categories: Where attending to non-face objects strongly enhances their selective neural signals during a later stage of processing (300-500ms), attentional enhancement of face-selective processing is both earlier and comparatively more modest. Moreover, only the selective neural response for faces appears to be actively suppressed by attending towards an alternate visual category. These results underscore the special status that faces hold within the human visual system, and highlight the utility of visual periodicity as a powerful tool for indexing selective neural processing of multiple visual categories contained within the same image sequence.

The characteristics of heat exchanger for local utilization of wastewater heat under different operating conditions

RELEVANCE. The authors research the local utilization of wastewater heat (in close proximity to the place of their formation) based on a heat exchanger. To select rational characteristics of the heat exchanger and correctly assess the potential energy effect, it is necessary to take into account the influence of the operating conditions of the device (duration of individual use of the shower, mass flow of heated and heating water, temperature of heated water at the inlet to the heat exchanger, temperature of the flow at the moment the device is turned on).THE PURPOSE. The purpose of the work is to research the dependence of the efficiency of wastewater heat utilization on the operating conditions of the heat exchanger and to identify the parameters that have the greatest impact on the effect of energy-saving measures.METHODS. Based on a verified mathematical model of the thermal operation of a recovery heat exchanger, the temperature distribution inside the flows of the heated and heating water in time is calculated (from the moment of switching on until reaching a stationary operating mode). Based on the data obtained (the temperature of the heated water at the outlet of the heat exchanger at each point in time), the absolute and relative heat savings are determined under various operating conditions.RESULTS. The influence of the non-stationary phase of the heat exchanger operation on its energy efficiency is considered. For a specific heat exchanger configuration, the time required for the device to reach a steady state of thermal operation is determined. It was revealed that the greatest influence on the relative and absolute savings of thermal energy is exerted by such operating conditions as mass flow and temperature of heated water at the entrance to the heat exchanger. The temperature of the flow at the initial moment of time has the least influence on the energy effect.CONCLUSION. The operating conditions that have the greatest impact on the effect of local wastewater heat recovery are determined. The need to take these conditions into account when designing a heat exchanger and choosing its optimal parameters has been confirmed.

Effects of an Explicit Time-dependent Radiation Pressure Force on Trajectories of Primary Neutral Hydrogen in the Heliosphere

Radiation pressure exerted by solar photon output is salient to the motion of primary neutral hydrogen atoms streaming into the inner heliosphere directly from the local interstellar medium. The action of a time-dependent radiation pressure force, when coupled with the usual gravitational force, changes the characteristic velocities, and therefore energies, of the atoms when they reach regions in which explorer probes are present. A study is presented that uses a 2D code to backtrace neutral hydrogen trajectories from representative target points located 1 au from the Sun. It makes use of both a radiation pressure function and a function for the photoionization rate at 1 au that both oscillate with time based on measurements over a typical solar cycle, as well as a time-independent charge exchange ionization rate at 1 au. Assuming a Maxwellian distribution in the distant upwind direction, phase space data is calculated at the target points, at different moments in time. The dependence of the force on the radial particle velocity has been omitted in the analysis, such that the emphasis is on the effects of the global solar UV intensity variations through the solar cycle. This process allows for the analysis of direct and indirect Maxwellian components through time and space in the time-dependent force environment. Additionally, pseudo-bound orbits caused by energy losses associated with this force environment are observed, and their properties are evaluated with the aim of determining their effects on potential measurements by explorer probes.

Circular Economy and Recycling of Electronic Products in the European Union

Abstract The plan proposed within the 2030 Agenda through its specific objectives regarding sustainable development as well as through the approach to achieving a circular economy, is part of a strategy at European level for improving and preserving the environment in a sustainable manner. The recycling process as a component of the strategy has and will have a major impact on the environment. In this article, a data mining analysis is carried out regarding the recycling rate of electronic and electrical products at the European level. The analysis is carried out for two moments of time, namely the year 2018 and the year 2021. Following the clustering process of the countries from the European Union (EU), it is easier to see which countries have similar behavior from this point of view. At the same time, taking into account the two years, it is possible to observe the dynamics of the created clusters and how the European countries succeed to manage the recycling process of electronic and electrical products three years apart. The two moments were chosen taking into account the COVID-19 pandemic, the period in which, the teleworking way has occurred. For this reason, many employees had to purchase the necessary things and transform at least one room into an office. The authors’ contributions consisted in the pre-processing of data sets, the application of data mining algorithms, obtaining the results and their interpretation in the given context, commenting on the results obtained and providing answers to the research questions. The work is structured in five sections, respectively Introduction, Literature review, Methodology, Results and Discussion and Conclusion.

The Role of Socioeconomic Activities towards Improved Livelihoods of Surrounding Households: A Case of Mkokotoni Seaport in Zanzibar

This study specifically assessed the role of socio-economic activities on livelihoods improvement among surrounding households at the Mkokotoni Seaport, North ‘A’ District of Zanzibar. A cross-sectional design was employed to collect data at a single moment in time. The population was 87 households surrounding the Mkokotoni Seaport. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used to select the sample of 70 respondents. The study used the mixed approach whereby interviews, focus group discussions as well as surveys were applied as data collection methods. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 24 was applied for analysis. Qualitative data was analyzed descriptively while quantitative data was analyzed based on numerical statistical data. The study concludes that seaport serves as an important transportation hub that facilitates people and goods movement where both processed and non-processed raw materials can easily be transported. Thus, ports are the catalyst for economic development through the commonly practiced socioeconomic activities. Based on the conclusions, it is recommended that the government and other stakeholders should improve and support the key socioeconomic activities commonly practiced at Mkokotoni Seaport. These activities includes; trading, transportation and fishing which support the livelihoods of the surrounding households through assets ownerships.

Comparison of chemical contaminant measurements using CLAM, POCIS, and silicone band samplers in estuarine mesocosms.

Discrete water samples represent a snapshot of conditions at a particular moment in time and may not represent a true chemical exposure caused by changes in chemical input, tide, flow, and precipitation. Sampling technologies have been engineered to better estimate time-weighted concentrations. In this study, we consider the utility of three integrative sampling platforms: polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS), silicone bands (SBs), and continuous, low-level aquatic monitoring (CLAM). This experiment used simulated southeastern salt marsh mesocosm systems to evaluate the response of passive (POCIS, SBs) and active sampling (CLAM) devices along with discrete sampling methodologies. Three systems were assigned to each passive sampler technology. Initially, all tanks were dosed at nominal (low) bifenthrin, pyrene, and triclosan concentrations of 0.02, 2.2, and 100 µg/L, respectively. After 28 days, the same treatment systems were dosed a second time (high) with bifenthrin, pyrene, and triclosan at 0.08, 8.8, and 200 µg/L, respectively. For passive samplers, estimated water concentrations were calculated using published or laboratory-derived sampling rate constants. Chemical residues measured from SBs resulted in high/low ratios of approximately 2x, approximately 3x, and 1x for bifenthrin, pyrene, and triclosan. A similar pattern was calculated using data from POCIS samples (~4x, ~3x, ~1x). Results from this study will help users of CLAM, POCIS, and SB data to better evaluate water concentrations from sampling events that are integrated across time. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:1384-1395. © 2024 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

Spectra and equitemporal surfaces of the photosphere of the ultrarelativistic shell as applied to Gamma-ray bursts

We study the radiation of the ultrarelativistic shell in the diffusion approximation, which takes place at the initial stage of a gamma-ray burst. We get the effective temperature, instantaneous and time-integrated spectra for the parabolic distribution of the initial internal energy of the shell. Also we considered the types of the equitemporal surfaces with a different type of the movement of the shell.

Learning cell migration mechanisms using machine learning

Cell movement is known to be fundamental to many processes that take part in the overall functioning of life itself. Regeneration of damaged tissue, tumor growth or the creation of life itself through embryogenesis rely mainly on the individual and collective movement of cells. Due to the importance of such phenomena, increasing research activity has been dedicated to them, but many are the questions that still remain, specially when focusing on the movement of clusters and networks of cells as a whole. We present a new approach to take advantage of Machine Learning tools (Artificial Neural Networks) in order to predict the position and velocity of a cell in a certain moment in time, given the properties of said cell and the environment surrounding it. The results show a high level of accuracy for the analyzed video sequence, which implies that the studied properties greatly influence the decisions taken by cells regarding its movement.

From the COVID-19 lockdown to the new normal: Two-year changes in daily stress and positive event processes.

The emergence of the novel COVID-19 disease and the social distancing measures implemented to curb its spread affected most aspects of daily life. Past work suggests that during times of more severe stress, people respond to daily stressors with relatively higher negative affect. However, little is known about how people responded to daily stressors and positive events at different moments in time during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, we examined longitudinal changes in daily event-related affect (covariation of daily stressors or positive events with same-day affect) from Spring 2020 (wave 1) to 2022 (wave 2). The sample consisted of 324 adults aged 18-80 (mean=52years; 89% women) from the US and Canada who completed weeklong daily diaries at both waves. The results revealed improvements in affective well-being, stressor-related affect (i.e., smaller fluctuations in affect on stressor days vs. nonstressor days), and positive event-related affect (i.e., lower negative affect on days with vs. without positive events). Furthermore, as people gradually resumed their social activities from 2020 to 2022, people reported being exposed to an increased frequency of both stressors and positive events. This study highlights the potential influence of socio-historical phenomena, such as an ongoing pandemic, on the events that people encounter and how they emotionally respond to them.

Constructing efficient strategies for the process optimization by restart.

Optimization of the mean completion time of random processes by restart is a subject of active theoretical research in statistical physics and has long found practical application in computer science. Meanwhile, one of the key issues remains largely unsolved: how to construct a restart strategy for a process whose detailed statistics are unknown to ensure that the expected completion time will reduce? Addressing this query here we propose several constructive criteria for the effectiveness of various protocols of noninstantaneous restart in the mean completion time problem and in the success probability problem. Being expressed in terms of a small number of easily estimated statistical characteristics of the original process (MAD, median completion time, low-order statistical moments of completion time), these criteria allow informed restart decision based on partial information.

FetchEEG: a hybrid approach combining feature extraction and temporal-channel joint attention for EEG-based emotion classification

Objective. Electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis has always been an important tool in neural engineering, and the recognition and classification of human emotions are one of the important tasks in neural engineering. EEG data, obtained from electrodes placed on the scalp, represent a valuable resource of information for brain activity analysis and emotion recognition. Feature extraction methods have shown promising results, but recent trends have shifted toward end-to-end methods based on deep learning. However, these approaches often overlook channel representations, and their complex structures pose certain challenges to model fitting. Approach. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a hybrid approach named FetchEEG that combines feature extraction and temporal-channel joint attention. Leveraging the advantages of both traditional feature extraction and deep learning, the FetchEEG adopts a multi-head self-attention mechanism to extract representations between different time moments and channels simultaneously. The joint representations are then concatenated and classified using fully-connected layers for emotion recognition. The performance of the FetchEEG is verified by comparison experiments on a self-developed dataset and two public datasets. Main results. In both subject-dependent and subject-independent experiments, the FetchEEG demonstrates better performance and stronger generalization ability than the state-of-the-art methods on all datasets. Moreover, the performance of the FetchEEG is analyzed for different sliding window sizes and overlap rates in the feature extraction module. The sensitivity of emotion recognition is investigated for three- and five-frequency-band scenarios. Significance. FetchEEG is a novel hybrid method based on EEG for emotion classification, which combines EEG feature extraction with Transformer neural networks. It has achieved state-of-the-art performance on both self-developed datasets and multiple public datasets, with significantly higher training efficiency compared to end-to-end methods, demonstrating its effectiveness and feasibility.