Time Management Behavior Research Articles

Relationship Between Time Management Behavior and Academic Performance of University Students

Effective time management leads to greater academic performance and reduces stress, strain and anxiety among students, however, students facing difficulties to keep a balance between their academic life and personal-social life. This study aims to examine the self-perceptions of undergraduate students’ time management behaviour by using Time Management Behaviour Scale (TMBS) developed by Macan, Shahani, Dipboye and Phillips (1990). The scale consisted of 34 rating items ranges from very often true to seldom true. The population of the study consisted of all undergraduate students studying in the academic session 2018-19 at public sector general category universities in Malakand division. By using stratified sampling technique a sample of 1050 undergraduate students were selected from the sampled universities. Students were also asked to provide their CGPA in their previous semester. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. It was found that prospective teachers have moderate to high level of time management skills. Significant relationship was found between undergraduate students’ time management behaviour and academic performance. It was recommended that university administration should orient students to enhance their time management behaviour by arranging seminars, workshops and conferences to enhance their time management skills.

Effects of Major Satisfaction, Learning Commitment, And Time Management Behavior on College Life Adaptation in College of Health Students

Effects of Major Satisfaction, Learning Commitment, And Time Management Behavior on College Life Adaptation in College of Health Students

The Relationship Between Time Management and Work Stress Among Members of Educational Planning in the General Directorates of Education in the Sultanate of Oman

The study aimed to examine the relationship between time management and work stress among the educational planning members in the General Directorate of Education in the Sultanate of Oman. It also aimed to identify whether there are statistically significant differences in time management and job stress among the participants with regard to the years of experience. The study sample consisted of 39 educational planning members. They completed the Time Management Behaviors Scale and Workplace Stressors Assessment Questionnaire. One of the main findings of this study was that the level of time management among the subjects was high, while the level of job stress was low. Results also showed a moderate and negative correlation between time management and job stress. No statistically significant difference in time management and job stress with regard to the years of experience was found. The results also supported the proposed theoretical model of the study. Based on the findings, the study recommended making use of the techniques that the participants apply to manage their time and to alleviate the workplace stressors they face. Furthermore, the education officials should pay more attention to enhancing the concept of time management by holding training courses and workshops for the ministry employees in order to increase their productivity, enhance job satisfaction, and reduce work pressures.

Impact of Polychronicity on Work-Related Quality of Life Among Bank Employees: Moderating Role of Time Management

The present study intended to investigate the effect of polychronicity and time management on work-related quality of life among bank employees. It also attempted to examine the moderating role of time management in predicting work-related quality of life from polychronic tendencies. Gender differences were also investigated along the study variables. Purposive sample consisted of 300 bank employees including men and women with age range of 27 to 52 years (M = 32.5, SD = 4.26) was acquired. Measures of Polychronic Attitude Index (Kaufman, Lane, & Lindquist, 1991), Time Management Behavior Scale (Poposki, Oswald, & Chen, 2008), and Work-related Quality of Life Scale (Zeng et al., 2011) were used to assess study variables. Results showed that polychronicity was negatively associated with time management and work-related quality of life, while time management and work-related quality of life were positively aligned with each other. Findings also revealed that time management buffers the relationship between polychronicity and work-related quality of life and offered a cushioning effect against the repercussions of ploychronicity. Gender differences indicated that men reflected less polychronic tendencies, better time management, and elevated work-related quality of life as compared to their female counterparts. Findings of the present study would bear practical implications for job design and managing various tasks at workplace.

Time for a Change? A Research Update and Pilot Study Results on Academic Time-Based Decision-Making

Engineering students in Canada and around the world are facing numerous challenges with their time, including absenteeism from class, surface approach to learning, and high stress levels. A research study to understand the time management habits of engineering students is ongoing and a pilot study has been completed. This paper contains an overview of the relevant background theories, the application of these theories to a new survey instrument, and the pilot study used to test and improve this instrument. The new survey instrument on time management and decision making was required as existing instruments published in the literature were considered to be flawed and inadequate for this study. The new instrument incorporates a decision-making dimension following the think-plan-do models of self-regulated learning theories. Analysis of this instrument will assume clusters, rather than factors, of time management behaviours to be the basis for grouping individuals. The pilot study was conducted on a number of self-selected graduate engineering students in November 2019. Participants filled out an online survey and then some volunteered for a think-aloud interview. Changes resultant from the pilot study analysis included question modifications, Likert scale modifications, and user experience improvements. The pilot study resulted in an overall improvement to the validity, reliability, and completeness of the survey instrument. The full study is currently being administered to undergraduate engineering students. The results will be published to help inform the manner in which time management is taught and used by engineering students.

Work-Family Conflict among Iranian Emergency Medical Technicians and Its Relationship with Time Management Skills: A Descriptive Study.

Background Work-Family Conflict (WFC) is a form of interrole conflict in which an active participation in occupational activities causes strain and interferes with family roles of workers and vice versa. It is a major source of occupational stress among workers and personnel. Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) are an important part of the healthcare system that respond to emergencies. The EMTs experience high level of job stress, which may affect their ability to perform their family roles, and, on the other hand, actively performing their family responsibilities may interfere with the effective delivery of the already stressful activities at workplace. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of WFC among Emergency Medical Technicians in Iran and its relationship with time management skills. Methods This was a descriptive study. In this study, 271 EMTs from the western part of Iran completed the questionnaire for the assessment of WFC. The Carlson Family-Conflict Questionnaire and the “Time Management Behaviors Scale” developed by Macan were used as evaluation instruments. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16. Appropriate statistical analysis such as mean and standard deviation, Pearson correlation, and Spearman rank correlation was applied for analyzing the data in SPSS. Results The majority of the participants reported some degrees of WFC. Statistical analysis showed a significant inverse correlation between total WFC score and total “Time Management Behaviors scale” score (r = −0/381، p < 0/0001). In the present study, there was no significant correlation between total WFC score and demographic factors such as educational level, age, sex, marital status, number of family members, need for family member care, and work experience (p > 0.05). Conclusions The findings of this study indicate that time management behaviors and skills can reduce WFC among Emergency Medical Technicians. Therefore, it is recommended that prehospital emergency authorities and policymakers plan and implement measures such as reducing the duration of shift-work schedules, decreasing shift-change restrictions, and organizing regular time management courses. Also, employment of local inhabitants is preferred to geographically distant individuals with similar qualification as this will reduce the distance between home and workplace.

Relationship Between University Students Time Management Skills and Their Academic Performance

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship of time management skills on the academic achievement of university students. The study used quantitative research design. The population of the study consisted of all Bachelor level students of public sector universities in Malkand Division. A random sample of 900 Bachelor level students from three universities of Malakand division participated in the study. Data were collected through Time Management Behavior Scale (TMBS) developed by Macan, Shahani, Dipboye and Phillips (1990) consisting of 34 items based on five-point rating scale. The students were also requested to provide their results in the last semester. Data were analyzed by using mean, standard deviation, independent samples t-test, and Pearson’s coefficient correlation. The university students exhibited moderate level of time management skills. No significant difference was found between the perceptions of male and female students. A positive significant moderate relationship was found between the four constructs of TMBS and students academic performance. It was concluded that the students who have good time management skills tends to have higher academic achievement and decreased time management skills could result in decreased outcomes. The study recommended that university students should concentrate on developing their capacities in time management areas through trainings, workshops and seminars to increase their academic achievement.

Time management disposition and related factors among nursing managers in China: A cross-sectional study.

The purpose of this study was to gain a general overview of the time management disposition of clinical nursing managers in China and its related factors. Effective time management is important for managers to achieve organizational goals. However, there is a lack of big-sample research exploring the impact of psychological and socio-demographic characteristics on time management disposition. The study adopted a cross-sectional and descriptive design; 531 nursing managers from seven regions of China were recruited. The nursing managers performed best on sense of time's value, followed by time monitoring ability and sense of time efficacy. Time management disposition was predicted by self-efficacy, SDS scores, managerial experience, the character strength of self-control and number of children. The "norm" level of the Chinese clinical nursing managers' time management disposition was at a favourable level, but these managers performed poorly in the aspect of time monitoring. It is recommended that actions be taken to improve nursing managers' time management disposition in order to maximize their time-use efficiency and enhance the quality of nursing management. A greater understanding of nursing managers' time management disposition will provide a reference for subsequent actions to improve nursing managers' time management behaviour, which in turn will improve the quality and efficiency of nursing management.

Time Management Behaviors of the Students who Study in Sports Sciences

Bu çalışma, Ankara Üniversitesi spor bilimlerinde okuyan öğrencilerinin zaman yönetimi davranışlarının incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmayı, Ankara Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesinde okuyan 171’i kadın, 179’u erkek olmak üzere toplam 350 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak; “Demografik Bilgi Formu” ile Britton ve Tesser (1991) tarafından geliştirilen, Alay ve Koçak (2002) tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlanan “Zaman Yönetimi Envanteri” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin dağılımlarının normal olup olmadığının belirlenmesinde Kolmogorov- Smirnov testi kullanılmıştır. Veriler normal dağılım sağladığı için parametrik testler uygulanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesi aşamasında; “Bağımsız t-testi, Anova analizi ve Tukey çoklu karşılaştırma testleri kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda cinsiyet değişkenine göre; zaman harcattırıcılar alt boyutu ile genel zaman yönetimi puanında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark saptanmıştır (p&amp;lt;0,05). Katılımcılar okudukları bölüme ve okul başarı not ortalamalarına göre incelendiğinde; alt boyutlar ve genel puanda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilmemiştir (p&amp;gt;0,05). Sonuç olarak; spor bilimlerinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin okudukları bölüm ile okuldaki başarılarının zaman yönetimi durumlarına etki etmediği görülmektedir. Cinsiyet değişkeninin ise zaman yönetiminde bir etken olduğu gözlemlenmektedir. Ankara Üniversitesi Spor Bilimlerinde okuyan öğrencilerin genel olarak zaman yönetimi tutumlarının orta düzeyde olduğu ve zamanı kullanmakta güçlük çektikleri görülmektedir. Zamanı daha verimli kullanabilmek için zaman yönetimi kavramının öneminin vurgulanması gerekmektedir.

The Mediating Effects of Time Management on Accounting Students’ Perception of Time Pressure, Satisfaction with the Major, and Academic Performance

We model a relationship between accounting students’ individual characteristics (locus of control and personal need for structure) and satisfaction with the accounting major and academic performance. We hypothesize that perception of time pressure on exams, time management behaviors, and perceived control of time mediate the relationship. We find that locus of control and desire for structure influence time management behavior. These behaviors, in turn, influence perceived control of time and satisfaction, but not performance. Our results suggest potential benefit of counseling accounting students on time management behaviors

The influence of time management behaviours before starting general physics laboratory-I experiments on academic achievement in the course

The purpose of this study is to determine the time management behaviours before starting experiments in the laboratory environment and to find out whether such behaviours are influential on academic achievement in the laboratory course. Nine pre-service science teachers were observed for 9–11 minutes per week before starting experiments for 6 weeks. The findings were obtained through analysis of observation records and the time management behaviours before starting experiments by two domain experts. The pre-service teachers reading experiment leaflets prior to experiments were found to have a higher academic achievement level compared to those not reading them. In addition, a positive relationship was identified between academic achievement and the time management behaviour involving having textbooks, lecture notes and other sources about subjects present before experiments. Getting tools and materials before experiments, organising experiment desks, cooperation with groupmates and having experiment leaflets present were also found to influence academic achievement.&#x0D; Keywords: Time management, academic achievement, general physics laboratory-I, pre-service science teachers.

Using automated time management enablers to improve self-regulated learning

Effective time management is essential for us all, whether students or anyone else. There are many factors which affect how well students manage their time and in what ways. As with everything, some are excellent at managing their time and others are not. As faculty, we can assist our learners to better manage their time, whether this is in the online learning environment or any other. However, studies reveal that the effect of time management training on time management practices varies, and there is therefore a need to explore this further. This study investigates how the practice of time management, an important self-regulated learning enabler, affects learning in the online learning environment. An automated adaptive time management enabling system was used to guide students in managing their time more effectively. The system assisted students in their time management through visual reinforcement, adaptive release, learning monitors and learning motivators. The findings showed that the use of the time management enabling system facilitated and guided the students in studying the course in a consistent manner and aided students in practising more effective time management thus impacting performance. In summary, positive changes were made to their time management behaviours and these subsequently improved their self-regulation.

An Introduction to the Study of Time management

Time management develops strategies to maximize time to achieve personal and organizational goals. Organizational strategies benefit the individual leader as well the organization like planning, goal setting, delegation, decision authority, and work life balance. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview for those interested in the current state‐of‐the‐art in time management research. The review demonstrates that time management behaviors relate positively to perceived control of time, job satisfaction and health, and negatively to stress. This review makes clear which effects may be expected of time management, which aspects may be most useful for which individuals, and which work characteristics would enhance or hinder positive effects. Its outcomes may help to develop more effective time management practices. The article examines the reasons for the increasing popularity of time management. It then reviews some of the major concepts contained in the literature: efficiency, effectiveness and life goals; how to find the time; keeping a time log; time planning systems; getting organized; and how to become an effective time manager. Keywords: Time management, Time planning, Performance outcomes, Job satisfaction, Training, Control, Self-development

The Effect of Time Management Practice on the Academic Achievement: A Case of Dire Dawa University, Ethiopia

The aim of the study or the research was to assess general time management practice /behavior of regular program students of Dire Dawa University and its association with their academic achievement, gender, and year of study. The research was conducted on Dire Dawa University the school business and economics regular program student. The total population of the study was 998. Therefore, the researcher employed proportionate stratified random sampling technique on the basis of the student’s year of study and academic achievement measured in terms of CGPA. The sample size was 120 students. The study predominantly sticks on primary data. The time management questionnaire developed by Britton and Tesser (1991) was used to measure time management behavior of participant students. Descriptive statistics was used to generate means, standard deviation and frequencies for the study variables, the prevalence of exposure conditions were checked for different sub-groups of the questionnaire and difference is was tested by using chi-square test. The result of this study showed that most students 45(35%) and 42(35%) possess time management score at moderate and high level respectively. With respect to gender difference is in time management, the result revealed that male students score in time management (mean score=55.72) were higher than female (50.5) students. With respect to the significance association between time management and academic achievement (CGPA), it was found in this study that the better students time management behavior, the higher the students CGPA. With respect to year of study, the results showed that the student’s general time management score were no significantly different between students due to year of study. Generally, this study underscores the importance of understanding the role time management in academic achievement. Certainly those who are unable to manage time well may be at risk for underachievement. Keywords : General time management, Academic achievement, Student DOI : 10.7176/EJBM/11-4-05

Impact of Time Management Behaviors on Undergraduate Engineering Students’ Performance

Effective time management is associated with greater academic performance and lower levels of anxiety in students; however many students find it hard to find a balance between their studies and their day-to-day lives. This article examines the self-reported time management behaviors of undergraduate engineering students using the Time Management Behavior Scale. Correlation analysis, regression analysis, and model reduction are used to attempt to determine which aspects of time management the students practiced, which time management behaviors were more strongly associated with higher grades within the program, and whether or not those students who self-identified with specific time management behaviors achieved better grades in the program. It was found that students’ perceived control of time was the factor that correlated significantly with cumulative grade point average. On average, it was found that time management behaviors were not significantly different across gender, age, entry qualification, and time already spent in the program.

Relationship between time perspective and time management behaviours

This study explores the relationship between various time perspectives (Past-positive, Presenthedonistic, Future, Past-negative, and Present-fatalistic) and time management behaviours (Setting goals and priorities, Scheduling and planning, Preference for organisation, and Perceived control of time) in order to determine whether time perspective is an indicator of time management behaviours and whether it predicts time management behaviours beyond the Big Five personality traits. Multiple hierarchical regression analyses of data from 645 employed persons were performed. It showed that Future, Present-hedonistic, and Pastnegative perspectives predict Setting of goals and priorities and Scheduling and planning; Present-fatalistic, Future, and Present-hedonistic perspectives predict Preference for organisation, and Present-fatalistic perspective predicts Perceived control of time beyond the Big Five personality factors.

Mediating role of time management in the correlation between role conflict and job burnout among the teachers working at Zahedan technical training colleges, Iran

Background: Teacher burnout and role conflict are considered as serious problems in school environments. This study was carried out in order to investigate the mediating role of time management in the correlation between role conflict and job burnout in the teachers of technical training colleges in the Iranian city of Zahedan. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive correlational study, 200 teachers were selected using the random sampling method and studied in a correlational scheme. In order to measure the research variables, time management behavior, job burnout, and role conflict questionnaires were used. The data were analyzed using the ‘path analysis’ statistical method and AMOS 23 software. Results: The data analysis results showed that ‘role conflict’ (β = 0.34 and P <0.001) had a direct and positive impact on job burnout, and role conflict (β = -0.18 and P <0.001) had a significant negative impact on time management. In addition, time management (β = -0.19 and P <0.001) had a significant negative impact on job burnout. The indirect impact of role conflict (β = 0.032 and P <0.001) on job burnout, with the mediating role of time management, was confirmed as well. Conclusion: We concluded that the variable of time management plays a mediating role in the correlation between the two variables of role conflict and job burnout.

Effect of Time Management Training Program on Nursing Mangers’ Performance

Time management behaviors are considered as determinant of success, and the position of obtaining such skills by managers has been defined more than before.

Modelling linkages between flexible work arrangements' use and organizational outcomes

Balancing work and life responsibilities is now accepted, even encouraged, in organizations across countries and cultures. Flexible work arrangements (FWAs) are provided by organizations as one solution to this work-life conflict. Thus, it is imperative to inform business leaders of the effectiveness of FWAs. Previous literature has explored the impact of FWAs on turnover intentions. We focus on the role of moderators and mediators to explain the inconsistent results that have been found in the literature. In a sample of 289 employed working adults, the results of structural equation modelling revealed that job satisfaction and work-life conflict mediated the relationship between FWAs' use and turnover intentions, after controlling for gender, age, marital status, number of children, number of dependents (elder care) and work experience. Additionally, we found that planning behaviour (the core element of time management behaviour) strengthened the impact of FWAs' use on reducing work-life conflict. We discuss the implications of our findings for theory and practice.

The Impact of Time Management on Students’ Academic Achievement

Time management is very important and it may actually affect individual’s overall performance and achievements. Students nowadays always commented that they do not have enough time to complete all the tasks assigned to them. In addition, a university environment’s flexibility and freedom can derail students who have not mastered time management skills. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the time management and academic achievement of the students. The factor analysis result showed three main factors associated with time management which can be classified as time planning, time attitudes and time wasting. The result also indicated that gender and races of students show no significant differences in time management behaviours. While year of study and faculty of students reveal the significant differences in the time management behaviours. Meanwhile, all the time management behaviours are significantly positively related to academic achievement of students although the relationship is weak. Time planning is the most significant correlated predictor.