Time Management Behavior Research Articles

Differentiated time management skills between leadership styles: simplified with a cross-cultural approach

PurposeA common conception is that transformational, transactional, and other types of leaders implement similar time management skills; however, this paper aims to state that this is not true to a very large extent.Design/methodology/approachThe characteristics of transactional, transformational, and other leadership styles are defined, while the popular and latest time management principles are incorporated with this description. There are eight time management categories, and this paper connects the respective categories to nine leadership styles based on each style’s nature. Cross-cultural leadership’s approach to time management is used to highlight and provide simplification for this process. Together, this showcases the importance and need to further investigate the relationship between leadership style, time management, and time conception.FindingsThis time management differentiation between transformational, transactional, and other leaders needs to be acknowledged, as this will deliver insight about how leaders can advance their leadership style. This differentiation brings greater understanding of the link between leadership and time management thus giving leaders deeper awareness on how they form their groundbreaking strategies and, with the cross-cultural leadership’s time management approach, mold their personal traits and experiences in coordination with this link.Originality/valueThis review states and highlights the difference in time management skills between nine leadership styles. The cross-cultural leadership approach helps identify three time and behavioral conceptions and the countries to which these conceptions are prominent in. The time conceptions assist leaders in understanding why they portray certain time management behaviors based on their cultural background, thus providing simplification in applying the time management skills for their leadership style.

Propiedades psicométricas del TMBS en universitarios

Se analizan las características psicométricas de la prueba Time Management Behavior Questionnaire (TMBS), adaptada para el alumnado universitario colombiano. Se exploran: la validez de constructo mediante el modelo Rasch; la validez discriminante frente a una prueba de procrastinación académica, y la validez concurrente con el rendimiento promedio. Se analiza también la confiabilidad, la longitud de la escala y el comportamiento diferencial de los ítems (DIF). La muestra estuvo constituida por 494 universitarios de nueve carreras y dos universidades. Los resultados indican un buen ajuste al modelo Rasch, valores adecuados de confiabilidad, ítems sin funcionamiento diferencial y que las categorías de la escala Likert podrían reducirse de cinco a cuatro. Se obtuvieron asociaciones negativas y significativas con la procrastinación y asociaciones positivas significativas con las calificaciones. En las conclusiones se plantean recomendaciones para el uso de la prueba en el contexto latinoamericano.

Relationships Between Academic Environment, Peer Relationship, Time Management And Psychological Well-Being

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between academic environment, peer relationship, time management and psychological well-being among final year students in Universiti Putra Malaysia. The study also determines the level of each stressor, and the relationship between each independent variable (academic environment, peer relationship, time management) and dependent variable (psychological well-being) among final year students. Besides, this study also Respondents were 333 final year students who study at Faculty of Human Ecology (FEM), Faculty of Economic and Management (FEP), and Faculty of Engineering (FK). They were selected based on Proportionate stratified random sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection. University Environment Scale (Gloria and Karpius, 1996), Index of Peer Relationship (Walter W. Hudson, 1992), The Time Management Behavior Scale (Macan, 1990), and were used to measure academic environment, peer relationship, time management respectively. Dependent variable which was psychological well-being was measured by using Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 (DASS 21) which developed by Lovibond and Lovibond’s in year 1995. The results showed that majority of student had moderate level of perception to academic environment, setting goal and priorities, planning and scheduling, perceived control over time, preference for disorganization, overall time management behaviour and moderate level on depression. Besides, most of majority student have low peer relationship, extremely severe anxiety, and had normal stress. There is significant correlation between academic environment and depression (r=0.149**). Respectively, peer relationship was found have significant relationship with the psychological well-being subscales: depression (r=-0.468***), anxiety (r=0.374***), and stress (r=0.441***). Time management also have significant relationship between depression (r=-0.189***), anxiety (r=0.207***), and stress (r=0.197***). Academic environment have no significant relationship between anxiety (p>0.05) and stress (p>0.05). The study concluded that peer relationship (PR), and time management (TM) have significant predictor towards depression (ΒPR=0.458; ΒTM=0.233), anxiety (ΒPR =0.407; ΒTM =0.209), and stress (ΒPR=0.463; ΒTM=0.212) among final year students. Among the two predictors, peer relationship was found have most significant towards depression, anxiety, and stress of final year student, followed by time management. Study suggested that university should develop intention program, appropriate counselling service to student. Besides, student should learn good time management skills and habit in order to develop positive psychological well-being. Future study are encourage to include more possible sources of student psychological well-being, add more size of sample and apply different data collection tools for deeper investigation.

Gestión del tiempo en alumnado universitario con diferentes niveles de rendimiento académico

Resumen En este trabajo se estudia la relación entre gestión del tiempo y rendimiento académico en el alumnado universitario. La hipótesis de partida es que los estudiantes con alto nivel de habilidades en gestión del tiempo obtienen mejores resultados de aprendizaje. Se ha utilizado una muestra de 494 estudiantes universitarios de primer año, en dos universidades colombianas. A esta muestra se administró una adaptación al español del Time Management Behavior Questionnaire (TMBQ), y se recogieron datos sobre las calificaciones académicas en su primer año en la universidad. De manera complementaria, se han celebrado cuatro grupos focales con alumnado de bajo y alto nivel de rendimiento, accediendo a sus experiencias, opiniones y valoraciones en relación con la gestión del tiempo. Los resultados obtenidos indican la existencia de una cierta relación positiva entre las dos variables analizadas, en línea con los hallazgos de estudios previos. Al comparar la gestión del tiempo entre subgrupos de estudiantes que alcanzan las mejores y peores calificaciones, se observan diferencias a favor de los primeros, particularmente en la sub-escala relativa a sus percepciones sobre el control del tiempo. Los discursos de grupo reflejan también mejores conductas autorregulatorias en el manejo del tiempo por parte del alumnado de alto nivel de rendimiento. De acuerdo con estos resultados, se hacen recomendaciones sobre el entrenamiento del alumnado universitario de primer año en estrategias para la gestión del tiempo.

EVALUATION OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN TIME MANAGEMENT PERCEPTIONS AND TIME MANAGEMENT BEHAVIORS OF SPORT MANAGEMENT STUDENTS

The aim of this study is to examine the correlation between the future perceptions of the students of the sports management department and their time management behavior. For this purpose, Gazi, Selcuk, Mugla and Firat University Sports Sciences Faculty, Sports Management students (n = 770) participated in the questionnaire voluntarily. The socio-demographic information form of the volunteers was applied to the future time perception scale developed by Husman and Shell (1996) and the Time Management Behavior Scale developed by Britton and Tesser (1991). The obtained data was recorded with the package program IBM SPSS 22. Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis, Spearman Correlation Analysis for the Correlation between future time sense and time management behavior were applied as a statistical process. As a result, there was a significant Correlation between gender, university and class, time management behaviors, gender, university and class variables. Furthermore, a too weak Correlation was found between the future time sense and the time management behavior on the positive side. This may be due to the students' personal development, social circles, socioeconomic status difference and the missions and visions of the students differ. Article visualizations:

How Thai and Chinese Young Adults Manage Time?

This paper aimed to investigate the differences in time management behaviors between Thai and Chinese young adults. Two studies were conducted among Thai and Chinese graduate and undergraduate students: a test of Macan’s Time Management Behavior Questionnaire and an experiment investigating time management behaviors. Based on the results, Thai participants self-reported they had more behaviors typically related to managing time, setting goals and sequencing tasks. Chinese participants reported they had more behaviors related to work in an organized method and maintained an organized work environment and Chinese participants perceived they had better time control. On the other side, based on the results of the experiment, Chinese participants performed better in managing time.

Time Management Behavior among Academic Procrastinators in Bangladesh: A Study on Undergraduate Students of Different Private Universities

Procrastination and its impacts on students of various academic levels have been scrutinized for many years, but how the students involved in procrastination are utilizing their hours of a day have not been answered yet. To find out the answer, this study randomly sampled 1000 undergraduate private university students in Bangladesh and found that occasional procrastinators use most of their time for the academic purposes than non academic purposes if were judged against chronic and severe procrastinators. Moreover, it identified that, the academic results of the undergraduate students were negatively associated with their intensity of procrastination. Moreover, the amount of time they used for academic purpose was inversely inclined to their frequency of procrastination. On the contrary, this study also found that, the amount of time used by undergraduate students for non-academic purposes was positively associated with their extent procrastination.Journal of Business and Technology (Dhaka) Vol.10(2) 2015; 37-56

The Mediation Effect of Self-efficacy, Time management and Career preparation behavior for Ｃollege Students

The Mediation Effect of Self-efficacy, Time management and Career preparation behavior for Ｃollege Students

Comparison of Time Management Behavior and Self-Control of the Gifted and Non-Gifted Elementary Student

Comparison of Time Management Behavior and Self-Control of the Gifted and Non-Gifted Elementary Student

Comparison of Time Management Behavior and Self-Control of the Gifted and Non-Gifted Elementary Student

Comparison of Time Management Behavior and Self-Control of the Gifted and Non-Gifted Elementary Student

Teaching high school students to manage time: The development of an intervention

This article reports the results of a quasi-experimental study conducted to examine the efficacy of a new time management intervention designed for high school students. Participants were 149 students from a highly selective private high school in the northeastern United States who were in the ninth grade. Half of the students participated in a 5-week intervention, which involved an assessment of time management, feedback, and action plans, and 5 weekly homework assignments. After the intervention, academic advisors who were blind to condition rated student time management behaviors. Ratings were higher for the treatment group than for the control group. This difference reached significance for students who began the intervention low in time management skills. Implications and suggestions for improving the intervention are discussed.

El papel de la procrastinación académica como factor de la deserción universitaria

Se presentan las tendencias en el estudio de la procrastinación académica y lo que estas pueden ofrecer a la comprensión de la deserción universitaria. La procrastinación es aplazar aquello que debe ser hecho y está asociado con un fallo autorregulatorio en la gestión del tiempo. Inicialmente, se define qué es la deserción universitaria, las variables y modelos teóricos de los que se ha partido para su explicación y se presentan las principales cifras sobre de deserción y cobertura universitaria. Posteriormente, se presentan los modelos de autorregulación académica desde los cuales se ha abordado el estudio de la procrastinación y, finalmente, se definen los principales hallazgos y perspectivas de intervención de la procrastinación. Para fomentar el aumento de la retención, es conveniente, además del estudio de las variables tradicionales asociadas a la deserción universitaria, incorporar nuevas variables que aporten elementos conceptuales a la explicación y prevención del fenómeno. Este es el caso de la procrastinación académica. Se muestra en este documento, que está demostrada la asociación entre alta procrastinación y bajo rendimiento académico de los estudiantes, que es una competencia que se puede evaluar en los procesos de entrada a la universidad, que es posible entrenarla con éxito y que su mejora, abordada dentro del contexto del aprendizaje autorregulado, acarrea no sólo beneficios académicos sino también ayuda a mejorar la calidad de vida de los estudiantes.

Time Management Behaviors of Healthcare Managers and the Effects of Demographic Variables

Background: Using time effectively has become increasingly important in terms of the successful performance of healthcare managers. Objectives: In this study, the time management behaviors of healthcare managers and the effects of demographic variables on these behaviors are determined. Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive research was carried out on managers from five hospitals in Tekirdag, Turkey. The data was collected with the survey method. The research population of 175 managers were targeted with an initial invitation to participate in the study. However, only 163 managers accepted the invitation to complete a questionnaire. SPSS for Windows 15.0 package software was used to analyze the data. Results: For managers, general planning, meeting management, determining priorities, substitution, table and file folder set up, procrastination, and answering unnecessary phone calls were found to occur frequently; general time management was also found to consume a significant amount of time, whereas saying “no” to visitors was determined to be of only an average level of time consumption. With respect to the scores of women, determining priorities, saying “no” to visitors, table and file folder set up, and procrastination took up more time than they did for men. Conclusions: It was determined that demographic variables do affect the time management behaviors of healthcare managers.

Coping with University Education: The relationships of Time Management Behaviour and Work Engagement with the Five Factor Model Aspects

We examined the construct validity of time management behaviour and work engagement, defined as a positive work-related state of mind. Two-hundred and eighty-one participants completed the Time Management Behaviour Scale, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale — Student Version, and the Big Five Aspect Scales. Linear regression analyses revealed that time management behaviour was positively predicted by the Conscientiousness aspects, Industriousness and Orderliness. Work engagement variables were also predicted by Industriousness, and both aspects of Openness/Intellect. Openness significantly predicted vigor and dedication, while Intellect predicted absorption. These findings indicate that those higher in both time management behaviour and work engagement are more likely to use time effectively and minimise distractions. While individuals higher on time management behaviour are more likely to work in an orderly fashion, individuals higher in work engagement might be quicker to understand information. The implications for supporting students at university to learn more effectively are discussed in light of these findings.

간호대학생의 학습유형, 시간관리 행동 및 자기주도적 학습능력

본 연구는 간호 대학생과 그들을 지도하는 교수자가 학생 스스로가 학습유형을 정확하게 파악하여 올바른 시간관리를 통해 학업을 계획하고 준비하는 것에 대한 중요성을 확인 할 수 있는 근거를 마련하기 위해 간호대학생을 대상으로 학습유형, 시간관리 행동이 자기주도적 학습능력에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 자료수집은 2013년 11월 1일부터 12월 2일까지 한 달 간 이루어졌으며 D시 및 C도의 4곳의 4년제 대학교의 간호대학생을 대상으로 하였다. 연구도구는 일반적 특성, 학습유형, 시간관리행동, 자기주도학습을 사용하였으며 대상자는 246명으로 연구목적으로 이해하고 설문에 동의한 대상자에게 설문 조사하였다. 수집된 자료는 IBMSPSS/WIN 19.0을 이용하여 기술통계, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, Stepwise regression으로 분석하였다. 연구결과 자기주도적 학습능력을 설명하는 모형은 시간관리 행동( ${\beta}=.629$ , p ${\beta}=.153$ , p 【The purpose of this study is to find the grounds for nursing students and teaching professors to confirm the importance of planning and preparing academic careers according to proper time management by determining the learning style exactly for themselves. For this purpose we investigated the learning style and time management behavior of the nursing student in university. The data was collected for 1 months from Nov. 1 to Dec. 2, 2013 in four universities which located in D city and C province. The research tool were used to measure of the learning style, time management behavior and self-directed learning. The participants were 246 nursing students at university who understand the purpose of study and agree to answer it. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, stepwise regression using the IBMSPSS/WIN 19.0 program. The result of this study was that the predicting factors for self-directed learning were time management behavior( ${\beta}=.629$ , p ${\beta}=.153$ , p】

The Effects of the High School Students’ Time Management Behavior on Satisfaction with Educational Consumption and School Life

This study aims to examine the effects of high school students’ time management behaviors on their satisfaction with educational consumption and school life. Three hundred seventy-six high school students in Seoul participated in this investigation. The SPSS ver. 19.0 program was adopted for the descriptive analysis, factor analysis, Cronbach’s α, and multiple regression analysis. The results of the present study can be summarized as follows: first, the levels of time management behavior, satisfaction with educational consumption at school, and satisfaction with school life were relatively high. Second, an analysis of the relative influence on satisfaction with educational consumption revealed that the students’ time management behavior was the most influential factor, followed by academic achievement. As the levels of time management behavior and academic achievement were high, the level of satisfaction with educational consumption was high. Finally, an analysis of the relative influence of satisfaction with school life also revealed that the students’ time management behavior was the most influential factor, followed by academic achievement. Based on the findings, that is, the effects of high school students’ time management behavior and other involved variables on their satisfaction with educational consumption and school life, a future study can present specific ways to enhance the level of satisfaction with educational consumption and school life. Keywords: education consumption satisfaction, school life satisfaction, time management, study management, time management behavior

Evaluation of time management behaviors and its related factors in the senior nurse managers, Kermanshah-Iran.

Background and Objective:Time management is an extensive concept that is associated with promoting the performance of managers. The present study was carried out to investigate the time management behaviors along with its related factors among senior nurse mangers.Materials and Methods:In this descriptive-analytical study, 180 senior nurse managers were selected using census method. The instrument for data collection was a standard time behavior questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics.Results:The findings showed that among the dimensions of time management behaviors, setting objectives and prioritization, and mechanics of time management dimensions obtained the highest and lowest frequency, respectively. Comparison of the mean scores of time management behaviors indicated a significant difference in the gender (p<0.05), age (p<0.001), education (p=0.015), job experience (p<0.001), managerial experience (p<0.001) and management rank management (p<0.029).Conclusion:On the whole, senior nurse managers enjoyed a favorable time management skill. Given the importance of time management behaviors, it seems that teaching these behaviors more seriously through regular educational programs can effectively promote the performance of senior nurse managers.

How does e-mail use affect perceived control of time?

It is well established in the psychology literature that personality predicts performance to some degree. However, personality neither solely nor directly predicts outcomes. Rather, performance and outcomes unfold through context-specific mediating constructs. This study identified two constructs that mediate the relationship between proactivity and perceived control of time in e-mail use and tested the model with data from 251 knowledge workers. The results show that proactivity predicts the perceived control of time in e-mail use through both e-mail-specific time management behavior and e-mail self-efficacy. Further, greater e-mail self-efficacy leads to improved e-mail-specific time management behavior.

간호사의 시간관리 행동 유형, 직무만족 및 직무몰입

간호사의 시간관리 행동 유형, 직무만족 및 직무몰입

Regulatory modes and time management: How locomotors and assessors plan and perceive time

This research investigated the relationship between regulatory mode orientations (locomotion and assessment), time management behaviours and the perceived control of time. "Locomotion" refers to the aspect of self-regulation involving the movement from state to state, whereas "assessment" is the comparative aspect of self-regulation that refers to the critical evaluation of alternative goals and the means for achieving them. The Italian versions of the Time Management Behavior Scale and the Perceived Control of Time Scale, as well as the Locomotion and Assessment Regulatory Modes Scales were administered to 339 Italian participants (249 students and 90 employees). The results supported the notion that locomotors and assessors differ in the ways they perceive the control of time. Locomotion was found to be positively related to perceived control of time. In contrast, assessment was negatively related to perceived control of time. Furthermore, the two time management dimensions of setting goals and priorities and preference for organisation were shown to mediate the relationship between locomotion and perceived control of time, whereas assessment proved to be unrelated to all time management behaviours. These findings highlight the importance of regulatory modes for human behaviour regarding time management and perceived control of time.