Time Management Behavior Research Articles

Relationship between Employees Social Media Addiction and Workplace Procrastination: Preferance for Organization as a Moderator

Workplace procrastination is a major area of concern in the modern workplace especially since there has been an uptrend in the use of social media worldwide. Worsening workplace procrastination is often attributed to increased social media use. However, some studies show positive effects of time management skills on procrastination. As such, this study explores the moderating effect of Preference for Organization (PFO) (a facet of time management behavior) on the relationship between employees' social media addiction (SMA) and workplace procrastination (WP). Employees from both private and public sector organizations residing in Rawalpindi and Islamabad were included in the sample. Convenience sampling was used to ensure a large pool of participants to improve statistical power of findings. Employed (329) men and (171) women between the ages of 22 and 50 (M=39.60, SD=.47) were included in the study. The questionnaire for the study included the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), the Workplace Procrastination Scale (WPS), and the Preference for Organization (PFO) subscale of the Time Management Behavior Scale (TMBS). Results for the moderation analysis, Model 1 of Process macro, show that there was a significant effect of SMA and PFO on procrastination and a significant interaction effect of SMA and PFO on WP, such that an increase in PFO can reduce the effects of SMA on workplace procrastination. The study highlights the importance of improving employee training and introducing programs in organizations that help increase an organized way of working to improve productivity and reduce procrastination.

DETERMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEISURE TIME MANAGEMENT PERCEPTION AND ANXIETY LEVELS OF VETERINARY FACULTY STUDENTS

The aim of this study is to determine whether the perception of leisure time management and anxiety levels of veterinary faculty students are related or not. For this purpose, among students attending veterinary faculties during the spring semester of the 2020-2021 academic year, 822 students (410 females and 412 males) randomly participated in a survey. In study, correlation analyses, the independent two-group t test, ANOVA test, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis are used. In result, a significant positive correlation is detected between the anxiety level and scheduling, whilst significant negative correlations are determined between the anxiety level and leisure time management behavior, anxiety level and goal setting and measurement, and anxiety level and strategy. It is concluded that male students suffer from a higher anxiety level than female students, and both the geographic region and unit of residence affect leisure time management.

Application of the Book Adab Al-'Alim wa Al-Muta'allim to Students' Moral Education

This study examines the application of the book Adab Al-‘Alim Wa Al-Muta’allim in the moral education of students at MTsN 4 Nganjuk. The book, authored by K.H. Hasyim Asy’ari, provides guidelines on the ethics of learning and teaching, aimed at fostering high moral standards among students. The study employed a qualitative research method, utilizing interviews, observations, and documentation to collect data. Findings indicate that the application of the book's teachings significantly improved students' respect for teachers, time management, and overall ethical behavior. However, challenges such as limited understanding of the Pegon script and varying levels of familial support were identified. Despite these challenges, the successful implementation of the book's principles has led to enhanced moral behavior among students, characterized by increased respect for teachers and peers, as well as a stronger commitment to learning.

Effects of time management interventions on mental health and wellbeing factors: A protocol for a systematic review.

Poor employee mental health and wellbeing are highly prevalent and costly. Time-related factors such as work intensification and perceptions of time poverty or pressure pose risks to employee health and wellbeing. While reviews suggest that there are positive associations between time management behavior and wellbeing, there is limited rigorous and systematic research examining the effectiveness of time management interventions on wellbeing in the workplace. A thorough review is needed to synthesize time management interventions and their effectiveness to promote employee mental health and wellbeing. A systematic search will be conducted using the following databases: PsychINFO via OVID (1806-Present), Web of Science, Scopus via Elsevier (1976-Present), Academic Search Complete (EBSCO), Cochrane Library via Wiley (1992-Present), and MEDLINE via OVID (1946-Present). The review will include experimental and quasi-experimental studies that evaluate the effects of time management interventions on wellbeing outcomes on healthy adults in a workplace context. Only studies in English will be included. Two authors will independently perform the literature search, record screening, data extraction, and quality assessment of each study included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Data will be critically appraised using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tools. Depending on the data, a meta-analysis or a narrative synthesis will be conducted. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed in the development of this protocol. The protocol has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD4202125715). This review will provide systematic evidence on the effects of time management interventions on wellbeing outcomes in the workplace. It will contribute to our understanding of how time management approaches may help to address growing concerns for employee mental health and wellbeing.

Self-management of Risk for the Prevention of Traffic Accidents from a Health Perspective: A Qualitative Study.

Introduction: In the world, deaths and injuries caused by traffic collisions have been considered a public health problem. In Colombia, 7.238 fatalities were recorded in 2021, with motorcycle riders representing the largest group of victims at 59.7%. Methods: The aim of this qualitative phenomenological study is to describe the risky experiences and deliberate actions of diverse road users that influence the self-management of the risk of traffic collisions. Results: Data were obtained from 22 participants: motorists, pedestrians and drivers. The content analysis describes various human conditions that affect self-management of the risk of traffic accidents, such as unsafe behaviors, non-compliance with traffic regulations by the different road actors, competitive culture among drivers, eagerness, among others. Additionally, factors related to care were determined: healthy recreational activities, promoting the value of one's own life and that of others, adequate time management and preventive behaviors by some road users. Conclusion: This research provides information on social and cultural aspects, experiences and risky behaviors of different road actors that influence the incidence of traffic accidents in Colombia.

Promoting Stress Management among Students in Higher Education: Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Persuasive Time Management Mobile App

In recent years, there has been a notable rise in the development of mobile apps to deliver stress management interventions. However, the prevailing design of most available stress management apps leans towards an emotion-focused coping approach, primarily targeting the regulation of stress-induced negative emotions. Given that the perception of time shortage is a major source of stress among students in higher education, we adopted a problem-focused coping approach that targets tackling student stress via time management. Our work evolved through four main phases. First, we previously conducted a large-scale study involving 502 students, constructing five structural equation models (SEMs) to pinpoint the most effective time management factor in promoting the perception of control over time. Second, based on the findings, we designed and developed a persuasive mobile app (SortOut) to promote effective time management behavior among the target users. Before the development phase, the initial app prototype was evaluated and refined with students (n = 69). In the final phase, this paper focuses on the culmination of our work, wherein we assessed the app’s effectiveness through a 4-week field study involving 34 students. Subsequently, we conducted one-on-one interviews with 11 students to delve into their experiences and feedback. The results revealed that, after using the app, students demonstrated improvement in time management behavior, higher academic self-confidence, and lower stress compared to the baseline. Students in the early and later stages of behavior change (based on the Transtheoretical Model (TTM)) reported similar positive outcomes. Moreover, students perceived the app as straightforward and easy to use; they were not tense or pressured while using the app, which is especially vital for stress management interventions. Thematic analysis showed that the app encouraged organizational thought and behavior and aided students in managing their time and workload, increasing the commitment toward task completion. The study findings suggest that the app helped students engage in effective time management behavior with an improved perception of control over time. Such improved perception is instrumental in promoting student confidence and well-being. Guided by the study findings, we provided actionable design recommendations and future research directions to facilitate the development of impactful persuasive time and stress management interventions.

Procrastinação, Gestão do Tempo e Autoeficácia em Estudantes Universitários

Abstract This study sought to verify whether there are differences in rates of procrastination, time management and self-efficacy among university students when scores are controlled by sex or by period of education, and whether self-efficacy scores have predictive power on time management and procrastination. 800 university students participated in the study. The instruments used were the Academic Procrastination Motives Scale, Time Management Inventory and Self-efficacy Scale in Higher Education. A MANOVA test with post-hoc t tests and a structural equation model were performed. Self-efficacy was able to successfully predict procrastination and time management behaviors. A higher rate of procrastination behavior was identified among women at the end of the course when compared to beginners, and a lower rate of procrastination among male students than among female ones. The study is concluded by underlining the importance of programs to foster these skills among undergraduates.

Exploring the longitudinal impacts of academic stress and lifestyle factors among Chinese students.

Several cross-sectional and longitudinal investigations have demonstrated a robust association between academic stress, physical activity, mental health history, and time management skills. However, the existing literature exhibits inconsistencies in the relationship between academic stress and its predictive effects on physical activity and mental health history. In addition, there is a scarcity of scholarly research that concentrates on the significance of time management skills within this particular context. Furthermore, limited research has investigated these variables' longitudinal associations and causal pathways. Therefore, the present research explores the longitudinal relationships among academic stress, physical activity, mental health history, and time management skills among university students. The data were gathered from Wuhan University, China, employing a two-wave longitudinal survey methodology with an annual interval. A cohort of 980 university-level students engaged in the completion of questionnaires, which encompassed measures of academic stress via the Educational Stress Scale for Adolescents (ESSA), physical activity ascertained through Cho's five-item questionnaire, mental health history assessed by the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and time management skills evaluated using the Time Management Behaviour Scale (TMBS). Subsequently, a cross-lagged path model was utilised to examine the prospective associations among these constructs. The outcomes of the cross-lagged path analysis indicated the presence of significant bidirectional relationships between academic stress and physical activity, mental health history, and time management skills. In addition, bidirectional interconnections existed between physical activity and mental health history. Furthermore, unilateral correlations were detected between physical activity and time management skills. These findings underscore the importance of an integrated approach to student health initiatives and highlight the need for comprehensive support systems that address student well-being's psychological and physical aspects.

Perceived Control Over Time Among College Students with and without Attention Deficits and/or Specific Learning Disorders.

Background: College students cope with a variety of activities that demand organizational skills which may increase stress. Perceived control over time is the perception of having enough time to finish one’s work meet one’s deadlines. This influences time management behaviors, satisfaction, independent engagement in daily activities, academic success and stress. Aim: To evaluate the self-perception of daily functions and control over time among college students with and without Attention Deficits and/or Specific Learning Disorders, who were seeking support, correlated with their demographic characteristics. Method: Participants: Thirty-six students (3 males, 33 females), mean age 23.42 + 4.80, who approached the college's student support center. Instruments: Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Functions (BRIEF- A) and Time Organization and Participation Scale (TOPS). Results: Significant correlations were found between the BRIEF - A and the TOPS subscales. Comorbidity of SLD and ADHD was associated with a lower perceived performance as measured in those scales while the demographic variables did not. Conclusions: Occupational therapists may have an important role in students' support centers and are encouraged to evaluate perceived control over time, of students, facilitate time management skills, and guide a discovery of strategies for balancing between demanding academic and extra curriculums tasks.

Mediating Effect of Major Satisfaction between Time Management and Career Preparation Behavior of Nursing Freshmen

Mediating Effect of Major Satisfaction between Time Management and Career Preparation Behavior of Nursing Freshmen

PERCEIVED SUPPORT FROM INSTRUCTOR & PEERS AND STUDENTS’ SELF-REGULATED LEARNING DURING TEMPORARY ONLINE PIVOTED LEARNING

The third wave of the Covid-19 pandemic has made every higher education institution in Taiwan implement online learning. Given the circumstance, supporting students in their online self-regulated learning (SRL) became more critical to enabling students’ learning maintenance and learning success. The present study explores the impact of instructor support and peers support on students’ SRL during temporary online pivoted learning. 123 undergraduate and graduate students in Taiwan were surveyed on two scales The Instructor Support and Peers Support Questionnaire and The Self-Regulated Online Learning Questionnaire (SOL-Q). The descriptive results indicated that students had relatively good perceptions of instructor support, peers support and the online SRL. Additionally, the correlation analysis revealed that both instructor support and peers support had positive and moderate relationships with dimensions of the online SRL. Furthermore, the regression analysis substantiated the importance of instructor support to dimensions of metacognitive skills, persistence, and environmental structuring. In contrast, peer support was essential to metacognitive skills, persistence, and help-seeking. Lastly, there was a negligible impact of provided support on time management behaviors. The research suggested that educators and institutions should provide adequate support for students and facilitate interactive online learning environments for peer-to-peer support.

Time Management Behavior Structural Equation Model Predicts Global Sleep Quality in Traditional Entry University Students

ABSTRACT Background Poor sleep is commonplace among traditional entry university students. Lifestyle modifications, such as time management behaviors, may improve sleep quality by allocating sufficient time for sleep and mitigating stress-associated sleep latency inefficiencies. Purpose The purpose of our study was to evaluate time management behaviors as predictors of sleep quality in traditional entry university students. We hypothesized that time management behaviors would predict perceived control of time, which in turn, would predict global sleep quality. Methods A cross-sectional convenience sample of university students (n = 302) completed a 73-item instrument comprised the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Time Management Behavior scale. Model building procedures included exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling. Results Our specified model identified significant paths between setting goals and priorities (β = .261; p = .012), mechanics of time management (β = .210; p = .043) and preference for organization (β = .532; p < .001) for perceived control of time (R2 = .300 p < .001). We further identified a significant path between perceived control of time and global sleep quality (R2 = .196, p = .022). Discussion Our study suggests that time management behaviors are associated with global sleep quality. Translation to Health Education Practice Health education interventions addressing sleep quality of traditional entry university students should consider incorporating time management behaviors.

The Nexus between Time Management Behaviors and Work-Life Balance of Employees

This research is envisioned to explain the impact of individual time management behaviors on the work-life balance of banking employees. Using the positivist paradigm, a self-administered survey was chosen to collect responses from bank employees across Sindh, Pakistan. The presented hypotheses were supported by quantitative analytical techniques that tested causal links between all constructs. A total of 450 questionnaires were administered, out of which 320 valid responses were analyzed using PLS-SEM. The findings validated that individual time management behaviors do contribute to attaining work-life balance in the banking sector. Results revealed a positive effect of goal setting and priorities, time management mechanics, and organization preference on employees’ work-life balance. Among all, mechanics of time management (MTM) substantially impact achieving work-life balance. This research will aid in the identification of time management practices that are better capable of balancing work and life.JEL Classification: M12How to Cite:Shaikh, S., Khoso, I., &amp; Channa, N. (2023). The Nexus Between Time Management Behaviors and Work-Life Balance of Employees. Etikonomi, 22(1), 119–130. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v22i1.22385.

Distance Learning with a Safety Net

Distance Learning (DL) courses have become ubiquitous, especially since the pandemic. Having had some experience with DL in high school, first-year students might be inclined to enroll in DL courses. Other students take DL because of completing demands on their time, such as work, family, or athletics participation, and some students just like the flexibility afforded by DL courses. However, many college students are unprepared for the self-regulative practices, including time management and assistance-seeking behaviors, required for success in a DL course.

But I have no time to read this article! A meta-analytic review of the consequences of employee time management behaviors

ABSTRACT Time management is a beneficial tool for both individuals and their organizations. In this study, we conduct a meta-analytic review of the consequences of employee time management behaviors. Our results suggest that time management is associated with a variety of beneficial employee outcomes such as increased job satisfaction, job performance, and lower levels of stress and burnout. In addition, we found that the relationship between time management and employee outcomes is partially mediated by work-family conflict. Finally, relative weight analyses results indicated that perceived control over time exhibits incremental validity in predicting job satisfaction, job performance, and stress vis a vis conscientiousness. Directions for future research and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

Using Instructor-Implemented Interventions to Improve College-Student Time Management

Time management difficulties are prevalent among undergraduate students and very few practical and effective instructor-implemented interventions exist. This study empirically tested two multicomponent interventions targeting time management in undergraduates enrolled in introductory and upper-level psychology courses. Students in the Schedule and Goals intervention were taught about the usefulness and importance of time management and shown how to use scheduling and goal setting strategies. Students in the Schedule Only intervention were only shown how to use the scheduling strategy. Students in both interventions also submitted either a weekly schedule and time management goals (Schedule and Goals) or only a weekly schedule (Schedule Only) on their course Learning Management System for 8 weeks. No significant post-intervention differences in time management behavior were found between the intervention conditions. However, students in the introductory course experienced a significant increase in post-intervention time management behavior. Post-intervention time management behavior was also positively correlated with final course grades. Results support the use of instructor-implemented interventions to improve college student time management.&#x0D; Keywords: Time management, self-regulated learning, college teaching, instructor-implemented interventions

Perspectives on knowledge management capabilities in universities: A qualitative identification of organisational factors

AbstractPrior research has had a limited approach to identifying organisational factors related to knowledge management (KM) practices of higher education institutions (HEIs), the centre for knowledge creation. This qualitative study explored such factors affecting KM capabilities from the perspectives of 30 full‐time academics in public universities, and identified the dimensions of the KM capabilities framework. Results revealed that physical conditions, budget, human and technological resource management, division of labour, workload, time management, communication, bureaucracy, structural differentiation, motivation, individualism, and organisational behaviour affect KM infrastructure capabilities; bureaucracy, KM teams, institutional platforms, organisational structure, knowledge maps, vision, individual attitudes, academic collaboration, process management, budget, decision‐making processes, sustainable academic KM, transparency, labour force, knowledge security, organisational culture, accessibility, and archiving affect KM process capabilities. These results contribute to identifying the organisational factors influencing KM that are critical to guiding practitioners and administrators of HEIs in developing more effective KM strategies and practices.

Make Time for Employees to Be Sustainable: The Roles of Temporal Leadership, Employee Procrastination, and Organizational Time Norms

Extended work availability (EWA) captures the experience of an employee who needs to be available for job demands during nonworking hours. It is a ubiquitous phenomenon because of the prevalent use of information and communication technology (ICT) such as mobile devices and internet services for work purposes. Although it has been found to impair employee health and well-being, evidence that delineates how to mitigate employee EWA is sparse. Thus, an important research question is: How can managers alleviate employee EWA in the ICT-prevalent work environment? Given EWA has a close connection with the time-based work–nonwork conflict, the present study addresses this question by taking a temporal lens and focusing on the roles of three time-related determinants of employee EWA. Particularly, we first include temporal leadership as a predictor of employee EWA, which concerns a particular type of time management behavior in which a manager aims at helping employees to achieve effective use of time while performing job duties. Then, we incorporate both the individual tendency to delay an intended course of action (i.e., procrastination) and the time management environment in an organization (i.e., organizational time norms) into our research model to further reveal how employee EWA could be shaped. Drawing on spillover theory, the goal of the present study was to examine the effect of temporal leadership in determining employee EWA, as well as the roles employee procrastination and organizational time norms play. Analyses of cross-sectional survey data from a sample of 240 full-time employees showed that temporal leadership has a U-shaped association (β = 0.32, p &lt; 0.001) with employee EWA. Both employee procrastination (r = 0.40, p &lt; 0.001) and organizational time norms (r = 0.30, p &lt; 0.001) are positively related to employee EWA, respectively. Moreover, the U-shaped association between temporal leadership and employee EWA becomes more salient when the organizational time norms is strong, with a standardized regression coefficient of 0.24 (p &lt; 0.05) for the interaction between temporal leadership squared and organizational time norms. These findings contribute to a more comprehensive view of how managers can alleviate employee EWA in today’s ICT-prevalent work environment.

Time Management, Quality of Life, and Work-Life Balance Based on Temperament of Workers

Background: Temperament plays an important role in adapting to different environments. The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences between temperament clusters, time management behavior, quality of life, and work-life balance.Methods: A total of 216 participants (male=56, female=160, mean age: 31.92 years) completed questionnaires measuring temperament, time management behavior, quality of life, and work-life balance.Results: Data from the study shows that temperamental profiles are classified into three groups. The profile of “Adaptive Solver” was associated with the most beneficial traits, and that of “Chronic Worrier” was associated with the most disadvantageous traits.Conclusions: The findings of this study confirm that temperaments are related to psychological adjustment. This study provides an implication for considering individual differences in the intervention for psychological adaptation of workers.

후기청소년 대상 온라인 학습코칭 적용 사례 연구 : 자기주도학습능력, 시간관리행동, 자기효능감 변화를 중심으로

The purpose of this study was to explore the quantitative and qualitative changes of self-directed learning ability, time management behavior, and self-efficacy of late adolescent who started their college in the Covid 19 era, while they were participating in the online learning coaching offered by their university. For this, 10 college students participated in the online learning coaching program designed with 7 sessions through zoom meeting based on GROW model. In order to explore quantitative changes, differences of pre- and post-test results of self-directed learning ability, time management behavior and self-efficacy were compared with paired t-test and they showed significant increases in all three factors. In order to find out qualitative changes, participant observation and interview data were collected and analyzed based on constant comparison method. Major results were as follows. First, participants’ career goals were changed from vague to more detailed ones. Second, participants’ study plans were from rudimentary to more specialized with individual situation. Third, participants’ time management behavior were from disordered to ordered based on priority with college class. Fourth, participants’ confidence were from low to high through successful experiences with implementing their own plans. Based on these results, several issues were discussed for extending and activating online learning coaching for the college youths.