Time-lag Method Research Articles

IMPACT OF WORKLOAD ON INNOVATIVE PERFORMANCE: MODERATING ROLE OF EXTROVERT

Purpose: The aim of this study was to find the Impact of Workload on Innovative Performance. This study also finds out the moderating Role of extrovert. This study was conducted in service sector in different cities of Pakistan. A time lag design was used in this study because the time-lag method is more suitable method especially in case of theoretical causal study. Methodology: At stage one; the self-reported questionnaire was used to collect the data from employee on workload and extraversion. Moreover, after one month, at stage two; a data from concerned supervisors on employee’s innovative performance were collected. The population of this study consisted of the permanent and contractual employees working in different organizations of Pakistan. A sample size of the study was (n=230) and convenience sampling technique was used. Main Findings: Results show that there is no significant relationship between workload and innovative behavior. Moreover, extraversion was found to have no significant impact on innovative performance. However, it was found that the interaction term of workload and extraversion has a significant negative impact on innovative performance. Implications/Applications: The present study is useful for policymakers and managers in Pakistan. As it has provided insight to employees’ behaviors, the way an employee reacts when he exposed to workload. It is up to the concerned authorities to pay keen attention to their employees and to make sure that extroverts are not embedded with workload.

Application of CH4/N2 separation based on poly(styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene) (SIS)-poly(dimethylsiloxane-co-methylhydrosiloxane) (PDMS-co-PMHS) crosslinked membrane

This work involves the preparation and characterization of poly(styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene)-poly(dimethylsiloxane-co-methylhydrosiloxane) (SIS-c-PDMS-co-PMHS) crosslinked membranes towards CH4/N2 separation. SIS-c-PDMS-co-PMHS was synthesized via a simple hydrosilylation reaction with various PDMS-co-PMHS contents. The structure of crosslinked membranes was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, indicating the degree of hydrosilylation reaction. The morphology of sample membranes was observed in detail by means of Scanning Electron Microscope analysis. Thermodynamic stability and the crosslinked behavior of crosslinked membranes were explored by thermogravimetric analysis and Soxhlet extraction experiments. Furthermore, single gas (CH4, N2) permeability was measured using the time-lag method. The CH4 permeability of crosslinked membranes with 70 wt% PDMS-co-PMHS could reach 503 Barrer at 25 °C and 1 bar, which is significantly greater than that of SIS (25.9 Barrer), while the CH4/N2 ideal selectivity hardly changed. Notably, CH4 permeability further improved by 77.6% (893.4 Barrer) as the temperature increased to 55 °C. For the CH4/N2 (50/50 vol%) mixed gas, the SIS-c-PDMS-co-PMHS-70 sample membrane exhibited ideal gas separation performance relative to that of the pure SIS membrane (CH4: 447.4 vs. 24.2 Barrer，N2: 188.1 vs. 9.46 Barrer).

A finite outlet volume correction to the time lag method: The case of hydrogen permeation through V-alloy and Pd membranes

The time-lag method is a technique to derive the permeability of a membrane from the time-variant outflux of a permeate. The original formulation assumes an invariant outlet pressure; however, for practical reasons, the permeate is often contained in a finite outlet volume, and the outflux is evaluated using the increase in the outlet pressure. The outlet pressure change inevitably introduces an error in the diffusivity and in the solubility, i.e., Sieverts' constant. We demonstrate that when a time lag is obtained from the tangent line at the maximum flux, the error in the diffusivity stays within ca. 2% under usual experimental conditions. On the other hand, Sieverts' constant is underestimated to a larger degree if the outlet pressure change is not considered. To solve this problem, we propose a finite outlet volume correction to the time-lag method for the case of hydrogen permeation. The proposed scheme is an approximate solution that is valid when a linear hydrogen concentration profile is developed across the membrane. When the correction method is applied to characterize V-alloy and Pd membranes, the simulated outlet pressure from the corrected Sieverts’ constant closely approximates the experimental data. The proposed method does not require any additional measurements and greatly improves the accuracy of the permeability measurement.

Highly Permeable Matrimid®/PIM-EA(H₂)-TB Blend Membrane for Gas Separation.

The effect on the gas transport properties of Matrimid®5218 of blending with the polymer of intrinsic microporosity PIM-EA(H2)-TB was studied by pure and mixed gas permeation measurements. Membranes of the two neat polymers and their 50/50 wt % blend were prepared by solution casting from a dilute solution in dichloromethane. The pure gas permeability and diffusion coefficients of H2, He, O2, N2, CO2 and CH4 were determined by the time lag method in a traditional fixed volume gas permeation setup. Mixed gas permeability measurements with a 35/65 vol % CO2/CH4 mixture and a 15/85 vol % CO2/N2 mixture were performed on a novel variable volume setup with on-line mass spectrometric analysis of the permeate composition, with the unique feature that it is also able to determine the mixed gas diffusion coefficients. It was found that the permeability of Matrimid increased approximately 20-fold with the addition of 50 wt % PIM-EA(H2)-TB. Mixed gas permeation measurements showed a slightly stronger pressure dependence for selectivity of separation of the CO2/CH4 mixture as compared to the CO2/N2 mixture, particularly for both the blended membrane and the pure PIM. The mixed gas selectivity was slightly higher than for pure gases, and although N2 and CH4 diffusion coefficients strongly increase in the presence of CO2, their solubility is dramatically reduced as a result of competitive sorption. A full analysis is provided of the difference between the pure and mixed gas transport parameters of PIM-EA(H2)-TB, Matrimid®5218 and their 50:50 wt % blend, including unique mixed gas diffusion coefficients.

Application of spirobiindane-based microporous poly(ether sulfone)s as polymeric binder on solid alkaline exchange membrane fuel cells

In this report, we introduced spirobiindane group to poly(arylene ether sulfone) (PES) to build the structure of polymers with intrinsic microporosity (PIMs). A novel PESs (QOH-SBIs), which have spirobiindane and tetra(quaternary ammonium) hydroxide pendant moieties, were synthesized for anion-conducting binder material in membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of solid alkaline exchange membrane fuel cell (SAEMFC). The time-lag method was used to check the high gas permeability of the polymers. The high permeability is due to the micro-pores at the molecular level that is formed by the difference in chain thicknesses between two alternating units, thick spirobiindane group and thin arylene ether sulfone group. QOH-SBIs shows a semi-rigid chain conformation in a solution. The inter-chain spacing and chain conformation were measured with wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS), respectively. High gas permeability directly affected the performance of SAEMFC. The MEA with spirobiindane-modified PES shows much higher maximum power density than that of spirobiindane-free PESs.

Sulfonated Polyimide/Ionic Liquid Composite Membranes for CO2 Separation: Transport Properties in Relation to Their Nanostructures

The transport properties of ionic liquid (IL)/sulfonated polyimide (SPI) composite membranes for CO2 separation were explored in relation to their nanostructures. 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide ([C4mim][NTf2]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C4mim]PF6), and 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide ([P14][NTf2]) were selected as the ILs. These composite membranes enable favorable CO2 separation and superior mechanical properties. SPI is plasticized by the IL, which induces a decrease in the elastic modulus; however, due to the formation of bicontinuous nanostructures of IL-rich and SPI-rich phases, a modulus of >10 MPa is retained even with the incorporation of 75 wt % IL. [C4mim][NTf2] and [C4mim]PF6 exhibit stronger plasticization effects on SPI than [P14][NTf2]. The diffusion coefficients of CO2 and N2, which were measured by the time-lag method, abruptly increase with increasing IL content in the [C4mim][NTf2]/SPI composite memb...

A Novel Time Lag Method for the Analysis of Mixed Gas Diffusion in Polymeric Membranes by On-Line Mass Spectrometry: Pressure Dependence of Transport Parameters.

This paper presents a novel method for transient and steady state mixed gas permeation measurements, using a quadrupole residual gas analyser for the on-line determination of the permeate composition. The on-line analysis provides sufficiently quick response times to follow even fast transient phenomena, enabling the unique determination of the diffusion coefficient of the individual gases in a gas mixture. Following earlier work, the method is further optimised for higher gas pressures, using a thin film composite and a thick dense styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) block copolymer membrane. Finally, the method is used to calculate the CO2/CH4 mixed gas diffusion coefficients of the spirobisfluorene-based polymer of intrinsic microporosity, PIM-SBF-1. It is shown that the modest pressure dependence of the PIM-SBF-1 permeability can be ascribed to a much stronger pressure dependence of the diffusion coefficient, which partially compensates the decreasing solubility of CO2 with increasing pressure, typical for the strong sorption behaviour in PIMs. The characteristics of the instrument are discussed and suggestions are given for even more versatile measurements under stepwise increasing pressure conditions. This is the first report on mixed gas diffusion coefficients at different pressures in a polymer of intrinsic microporosity.

A novel time lag method for the analysis of mixed gas diffusion in polymeric membranes by on-line mass spectrometry: Method development and validation

A novel method to determine the individual diffusion coefficients of gases in a mixture during their permeation through polymeric membranes is described. The method was developed in two independent laboratories, using rubbery Pebax® and glassy Hyflon® AD60X membrane samples as standards, and validated using the Tröger's base containing Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity, PIM-EA-TB. Monitoring of the permeate composition in real time by a quadrupole mass spectrometer allowed the analysis of the permeation transient for gas mixtures. Two operation modes, either with a vacuum in the permeate and a direct connection to the mass spectrometer via a heated restriction, or using a sweeping gas and a heated capillary sample inlet, give excellent agreement with the traditional time lag method for single gases. A complete overview of the method development, identification of the critical parameters, instruments calibration, data elaboration and estimation of the experimental accuracy are provided. Validation with PIM-EA-TB, shows that the method can also successfully detect anomalous phenomena, related to pressure and concentration dependency of the transport properties, physical aging or penetrant-induced dilation. Rapid online analysis of the permeate composition makes the method also very suitable for routine mixed gas permeability measurements.

Temperature and pressure dependence of gas permeation in amine-modified PIM-1

Polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) are among the most promising candidates for the development of novel polymeric gas separation membranes for processes such as carbon capture and storage, natural gas treatment and biogas upgrading. As one of the approaches to optimize their performance, PIMs are functionalized by CO2-philic groups to improve the CO2 separation by the enhancement of specific noncovalent interactions. In this work, we show the preparation of amine-PIM from the archetypal PIM-1, using borane dimethyl sulphide complexes in order to control the degree of conversion. The PIM-1 to amine-PIM-1 conversion was characterized by ATR-IR and NMR analysis. The influence of the amine moiety on the gas transport behaviour was investigated by two complementary techniques: gas permeation measurements by the time lag method and analysis of the sorption kinetics and the equilibrium sorption isotherms by the gravimetric method. Both techniques show that permeability decreases with increasing degree of conversion. The trends in the indirectly calculated solubility confirm those of direct analysis, although quantitative comparison of the two shows fundamental differences. A pressure and temperature study on a fully converted sample indicates that the solution-diffusion model should be expressed in concentration dependent transport parameters to be correct. The experimental work was supported by quantum mechanics studies and by molecular dynamics simulations to confirm the selective non-covalent interaction of CO2 with the amino groups.

Synthesis and Crosslinking of Polyether-Based Main Chain Benzoxazine Polymers and Their Gas Separation Performance.

The poly(ethylene glycol)-based benzoxazine polymers were synthesized via a polycondensation reaction between Bisphenol-A, paraformaldehyde, and poly(ether diamine)/(Jeffamine®). The structures of the polymers were confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), indicating the presence of a cyclic benzoxazine ring. The polymer solutions were casted on the glass plate and cross-linked via thermal treatment to produce tough and flexible films without using any external additives. Thermal properties and the crosslinking behaviour of these polymers were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Single gas (H2, O2, N2, CO2, and CH4) transport properties of the crosslinked polymeric membranes were measured by the time-lag method. The crosslinked PEG-based polybenzoxazine membranes show improved selectivities for CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 gas pairs. The good separation selectivities of these PEG-based polybenzoxazine materials suggest their utility as efficient thin film composite membranes for gas and liquid membrane separation technology.

Impact of Measuring Devices and Data Analysis on the Determination of Gas Membrane Properties

The time-lag method, using a gas permeation experiment, is currently the most popular method for determining the membrane properties: diffusivity coefcient and permeability coefcient, and from which the solubility coefcient can be calculated. In this investigation, the impact of systematic, random (noise), resolution and extrapolation errors associated with gas permeation experiments on the determination of the membrane properties using the time-lag method is investigated. A comprehensive error analysis for each type of errors and their combination is presented. Random and resolution errors have a greater impact on the determination of the time lag for low rates of downstream pressure accumulation which can be alleviated by increasing the capacity parameter. Increasing the feed pressure lowers the resolution errors, but has no effect on random errors. Extrapolation errors associated with the time-lag method, which increase with time, can be reduced by increasing the number of evaluation points and the length of the evaluation window. Because of their strong correlation, it is difcult to decouple solubility and diffusivity coefcients accurately without using the time-lag. A judicious balance between data precision, the drop in the driving force and the duration of an experiment must be considered in the design of a constant-volume membrane system and in the selection of experimental operating conditions to minimize the impact of pressure variability. The necessity of a small capacity parameter for the accurate determination of membrane properties needs to be reconsidered in the presence of experimental noise.

Selective Separation of Co<Sub>2</Sub> Using Novel Mixed Matrix Membranes Based on Pebax and Liquid-Like Nanoparticle Organic Hybrid Materials

Pebax1657 is known as a promising polymeric membrane material for CO2 separation. In order to further improve its gas separation performance, different polymers containing ethylene oxide (EO) groups were incorporated into the Pebax1657 matrix to form mixed matrix membranes. Liquid-like nanoparticle organic hybrid materials (NOHM-I-HPE, “I” stands for “ionic bond” and “HPE” refers to polyetheramine (“PE”) with a high (“H”) ether group content), which were made of polyetheramine chains tethered onto functionalized silica nanoparticles, have shown high solubility of CO2. In this study, the homogenous NOHM-I-HPE/Pebax1657 mixed matrix membranes with different NOHM-IHPE loadings were prepared and investigated. The results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated that the addition of NOHM-I-HPE resulted in a decrease in glass transition temperature of Pebax1657 and an increase in EO content of the mixed matrix membrane. Single gas permeabilities of CO2, N2 and CH4 at 23 °C and 1 bar were measured using the time-lag method. For the NOHM-I-HPE loading ranging from 0 to 60 wt.%, solubility coefficients of the mixed matrix membranes for CO2 greatly increased from 1.16 to 3.84 cm3 (STP)/(cm3·bar), while those for CH4 and N2 only slightly increased from 0.078 to 0.094 cm3 (STP)/(cm3·bar) and from 0.013 to 0.026 cm3 (STP)/(cm3·bar), respectively. CO2 permeability increased four times compared to the pure Pebax1657 membrane after the incorporation of 60 wt.% NOHM-I-HPE in Pebax1657. Although the CO2/N2 selectivity slightly decreased with an increase in the NOHM-I-HPE loading, the CO2/CH4 selectivity was improved in the newly developed NOHM-IHPE/Pebax1657 mixed matrix membranes. These results indicate that the NOHM-I-HPE/Pebax1657 mixed matrix membranes are very promising candidates for selective CO2 separation for various energy related applications.

The Effects of Non-TIDAL Components, Depth of Measurement and the Use of Peak Delays in the Application of Tidal Response Methods

The efficacy and applicability of tidal response methods (TRMs) were assessed in terms of the techniques used, the, data used in the analysis, and the implementation of the methods under different conditions. The tidal efficiency (TE) and time lag (TL) methods were applied to directly measured groundwater head (GWH) values in the Motril-Salobrena coastal aquifer and compared with the same pre-filtered time series after eliminating the non-tidal signals through the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) procedure. The use of maximum and minimum groundwater peaks and sea-level peaks in combination to obtain different delay values and the effects of asymmetries in tidal fluctuations were assessed. Application of the TE method yields different D values when a complete groundwater head time series is considered, instead of the net induced tidal oscillation. Moreover, when the asymmetry of tidal oscillations is not taken into account, the application of TL may yield a higher uncertainty. In unconfined coastal aquifers, hydraulic diffusivity can be overestimated by the TE method if the non-tidal components are not removed from the measured time series of groundwater head. However, prior filtering provides better diffusivity results when the TE method is applied. The depth of the water head measurements leads to different D values when applying the TE method as a consequence of the changes in the specific storage with depth, which result from changes in pressure. The results of the application of the TL method depend on whether maximum or minimum peaks are used. Since the use of maximum peak delays can overestimate D, minimum peak delays are recommended, as they yield D values that are closer to the values obtained using the TE method.

Synthesis and characterization of fluorinated polyimide/TiO2 nanocomposites: enhancement of separation of four gases, thermal, optical and mechanical properties

Nanocomposite gas transport and thermally stable membrane-based fluorinated polyimide/TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared via in situ sol–gel fabrication. PI/TiO2 nanocomposites containing 4, 8, and 12% TiO2 were successfully fabricated by in situ sol–gel fabrication. The obtained PI/TiO2 nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetry analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Thermogravimetric analysis data indicated an increased thermal stability of the PI/TiO2 nanocomposites compared to the pure polymer. The results of gas permeation showed the permeability of ethylene and propylene increased in PI/TiO2 nanocomposites compared to the pure PI. The diffusion coefficients of prepared hybrid membranes were determined by the time lag method. The results showed an increase in the solubility coefficient and a decrease in the diffusion coefficient of gases while increasing the TiO2 nanoparticle mass fraction.

Enhanced CO2 selectivities by incorporating CO2-philic PEG-POSS into polymers of intrinsic microporosity membrane

The urgent demand of capturing CO2 from energy relevant applications stimulated researchers to develop novel high-performance membrane materials. PIM-1, a representative class of polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs), possesses high permeability but low selectivity due to its highly twisted ladder-like structure. A facile approach to improve CO2 separation performance of PIM-1 is to implant CO2-philic fillers. In this study, a novel nano-sized filler Poly(ethylene glycol) functionalized Polyhedral oligomeric (PEG-POSS), with PEG anchored on POSS was incorporated into PIM-1 membrane at nanoscale level to increment CO2 selectivities of the membrane. The as-prepared PIM-1/PEG-POSS mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Single gas permeabilities of N2, CH4 and CO2 were measured by the time-lag method. PIM-1/PEG-POSS membranes showed enhanced CO2 selectivity over CH4 and N2 at high PEG-POSS loadings. Specifically, the PIM-1/PEG-POSS membrane with 10wt% PEG-POSS nanoparticles exhibited the optimal separation performance, of which the CO2 permeability reached 1300 Barrer and CO2/CH4 selectivity increased by 150% compared with the pristine PIM-1, which surpassed the 2008 Robeson upper bound. The as-prepared PIM-1/PEG-POSS MMMs show great potential for CO2 capture.

Role of Psychological Capital in the Curvilinear Relationship between the Autonomy and Performance

As an ice breaking attempt, the curvilinear relationship between job autonomy and job performance with moderation of psychological capital was the endeavour. The time lag method was followed to col...

A Survey of Nanoflare Properties in Active Regions Observed with the Solar Dynamics Observatory

Abstract In this paper, we examine 15 different active regions (ARs) observed with the Solar Dynamics Observatory and analyze their nanoflare properties. We have recently developed a technique that systematically identifies and measures plasma temperature dynamics by computing time lags between light curves. The time lag method tests whether the plasma is maintained at a steady temperature, or if it is dynamic, undergoing heating and cooling cycles. An important aspect of our technique is that it analyzes both observationally distinct coronal loops as well as the much more prevalent diffuse emission between them. We find that the widespread cooling reported previously for NOAA AR 11082 is a generic property of all ARs. The results are consistent with impulsive nanoflare heating followed by slower cooling. Only occasionally, however, is there full cooling from above 7 MK to well below 1 MK. More often, the plasma cools to approximately 1–2 MK before being reheated by another nanoflare. These same 15 ARs were first studied by Warren et al. We find that the degree of cooling is not well correlated with the reported slopes of the emission measure distribution. We also conclude that the Fe xviii emitting plasma that they measured is mostly in a state of cooling. These results support the idea that nanoflares have a distribution of energies and frequencies, with the average delay between successive events on an individual flux tube being comparable to the plasma cooling timescale.

Membranes of Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM-1) Modified by Poly(ethylene glycol).

Until now, the leading polymer of intrinsic microporosity PIM-1 has become quite famous for its high membrane permeability for many gases in gas separation, linked, however, to a rather moderate selectivity. The combination with the hydrophilic and low permeable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(ethylene oxides) (PEO) should on the one hand reduce permeability, while on the other hand enhance selectivity, especially for the polar gas CO2 by improving the hydrophilicity of the membranes. Four different paths to combine PIM-1 with PEG or poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) were studied: physically blending, quenching of polycondensation, synthesis of multiblock copolymers and synthesis of copolymers with PEO/PPO side chain. Blends and new, chemically linked polymers were successfully formed into free standing dense membranes and measured in single gas permeation of N2, O2, CO2 and CH4 by time lag method. As expected, permeability was lowered by any substantial addition of PEG/PEO/PPO regardless the manufacturing process and proportionally to the added amount. About 6 to 7 wt % of PEG/PEO/PPO added to PIM-1 halved permeability compared to PIM-1 membrane prepared under similar conditions. Consequently, selectivity from single gas measurements increased up to values of about 30 for CO2/N2 gas pair, a maximum of 18 for CO2/CH4 and 3.5 for O2/N2.

Molecular mobility and gas transport properties of nanocomposites based on PIM-1 and polyhedral oligomeric phenethyl-silsesquioxanes (POSS)

Polymers with intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) are of great interest in the field of gas separation membranes. Already the first synthesized PIM-1 shows extraordinary permeability and selectivity. Unfortunately, PIM-1 is susceptible to physical aging and thus gradually loses its outstanding properties. In this study a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane with phenethyl substituents (PhenethylPOSS) was used as a nanofiller (0–40wt%) in the PIM-1 matrix to potentially improve the gas transport properties and prevent physical aging. The molecular mobility of the solution-cast nanocomposite films was analyzed by Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS). Furthermore, gas permeability was determined with the time lag method (0–20bar upstream pressure) at 35°C for N2, O2, CH4 and CO2.

Characterization of a Polymeric Membrane for the Separation of Hydrogen in a Mixture with CO2

Hydrogen is expected to play an important role as a clean, reliable and renewable energy source. A key challenge is the production of hydrogen in an economically and environmentally sustainable way on an industrial scale. One promising method of hydrogen production is via biological processes using agricultural resources, where the hydrogen is found to be mixed with other gases, such as carbon dioxide. Thus, to separate hydrogen from the mixture, it is challenging to implement and evaluate a simple, low cost, reliable and efficient separation process. So, the aim of this work was to develop a polymeric membrane for hydrogen separation. The developed membranes were made of polysulfone via phase inversion by a controlled evaporation method with 5 wt % and 10 wt % of polysulfone resulting in thicknesses of 132 and 239 micrometers, respectively. Membrane characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and ASTM D882 tensile test. Performance was characterized using a 23 factorial experiment using the time lag method, comparing the results with those from gas chromatography (GC). As a result, developed membranes exhibited dense microstructures, low values of RMS roughness, and glass transition temperatures of approximately 191.75 °C and 190.43 °C for the 5 wt % and 10 wt % membranes, respectively. Performance results for the given membranes showed a hydrogen selectivity of 8.20 for an evaluated gas mixture 54% hydrogen and 46% carbon dioxide. According to selectivity achieved, H2 separation from carbon dioxide is feasible with possibilities of scalability. These results are important for consolidating hydrogen production from biological processes.