Moderate-to-vigorous Physical Activity Time Research Articles

Sedentary behaviour, physical activity, and sleep among office workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparison of Brazil and Sweden

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected the physical behaviours of office workers worldwide, but studies comparing physical behaviours between countries with similar restrictions policies are rare. This study aimed to document and compare the 24-hour time-use compositions of physical behaviours among Brazilian and Swedish office workers on working and non-working days during the pandemic.MethodsPhysical behaviours were monitored over 7 days using thigh-worn accelerometers in 73 Brazilian and 202 Swedish workers. Daily time-use compositions were exhaustively described in terms of sedentary behaviour (SED) in short (< 30 min) and long (≥30 min) bouts, light physical activity (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and time-in-bed. We examined differences between countries using MANOVA on data processed according to compositional data analysis. As Swedish workers had the possibility to do hybrid work, we conducted a set of sensitivity analyses including only data from days when Swedish workers worked from home.ResultsDuring working days, Brazilian office workers spent more time SED in short (294 min) and long (478 min) bouts and less time in LPA (156 min) and MVPA (50 min) than Swedish workers (274, 367, 256 and 85 min, respectively). Time spent in bed was similar in both groups. Similar differences between Brazilians and Swedes were observed on non-working days, while workers were, in general, less sedentary, more active and spent more time-in-bed than during working days. The MANOVA showed that Brazilians and Swedes differed significantly in behaviours during working (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.36) and non-working days (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.20). Brazilian workers spent significantly more time in SED relative to being active, less time in short relative to long bouts in SED, and more time in LPA relative to MVPA, both during workdays and non-workdays. Sensitivity analyses only on data from days when participants worked from home showed similar results.ConclusionsDuring the COVID-19 pandemic Brazilian office workers were more sedentary and less active than Swedish workers, both during working and non-working days. Whether this relates to the perception or interpretation of restrictions being different or to differences present even before the pandemic is not clear, and we encourage further research to resolve this important issue.

Flipping the Script: An Initial Exploration of Flipped Learning as an Enhanced Alternative to Traditional Physical Education Lessons.

Physical activity (PA) is related to a variety of positive outcomes for youth and physical education (PE) represents a primary school-based environment where students can engage in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Limitations exist in secondary schools with low socio-economic status, where MVPA engagement is generally below the recommended 50% of lesson time. Growing evidence suggests that using a flipped learning approach (FLA) may naturally enhance PE lessons as outlined by The Theory of Expanded, Extended, and Enhanced Opportunities for Youth Physical Activity Promotion. The purpose of this study was to compare the impact of the FLA to traditional instruction on student MVPA, lesson context, and teacher involvement during middle school PE lessons. Participants were 56 male students from two 7th-grade classes from a low-SES, suburban school. This study employed the System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time (SOFIT). Data were examined through descriptive statistics. Linear regression models were used to predict SOFIT outcomes as a function of FLA versus traditional instruction. Students in the FLA class spent significantly more class time in MVPA (p < 0.01). Regression models predicted participants in FLA classes would spend 55% more class time in MVPA (p < 0.01). After adjusting for covariates, models showed students in FLA classes would spend almost 18 more minutes in MVPA than students in traditional classes (p < 0.01). The FLA may be a practical lesson enhancement strategy to increase student MVPA and improve PE opportunities for students in low SES schools when compared to the use of traditional instruction. The results of this study demonstrated positive potential of using FLA in PE but should be considered within the context of their limitations. Further examination of the FLA is warranted.

Daily Physical Activity: Associations With Memory and Affect.

Little is known about effects of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and resistance training on daily variations in memory and affect. This study examined the relationship of MVPA and resistance training to memory and affect in daily life. Short-term longitudinal 7-day diary. Northeast; primarily Boston-area communities. Adults aged 25 to 94. For seven days, MVPA was assessed with an Actigraph. and resistance training was self-reported. Each evening, memory failures, positive and negative affect were recorded in a written diary and objective memory performance was assessed by telephone. Multilevel linear regression analyses examined the between and within person associations of MVPA and resistance training with memory performance, memory failures, and affect. Those who engaged in more MVPA had better memory performance across the week (b = 0.0163, SE = 0.0076, f2 = 0.004, p = 0.033). Participants reported higher levels of positive affect on days in which they spent more time in MVPA than usual (b = 0.003, SE = 0.001, f2 = 0.144, p < .001) and on days they engaged in resistance training (b = 0.1547, SE = 0.079, f2 = 0.007; p = 0.049). Those who spent more time in MVPA had better memory performance, and on days with greater than usual MVPA time and resistance training, affect was more positive than on days with less activity. Implications for motivating physical exercise are considered.

Abstract 12294: Gut Microbial Features Associated With Sedentary Time But Not Physical Activity: Results From the Hispanic Community Health Study / Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)

Introduction: Modest experimental and human evidence implicate a role for physical activity or sedentary lifestyle in the perturbation of the gut microbiome, yet large human studies are lacking. Methods: This study included 1846 US Hispanic/Latino adults without diabetes aged 23-82 years (mean age 48 years, 49% women) with gut microbiome data by shotgun sequencing of stools and accelerometer-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time from the HCHS/SOL population based cohort (2014-2017). We examined associations of MVPA and sedentary time with gut microbial features - Bray-Curtis dissimilarity by PERMANOVA, and alpha diversity and centered log ratio transformed relative abundance of species and KEGG pathway modules by a linear regression accounting for the complex survey design. Results: Prolonged sedentary time was associated with higher Shannon index (0.03 per 1 hr of sedentary time, SE=0.02, P=0.077) and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity (R 2 =0.32%, P&lt;0.001), adjusting for age and sex, but MVPA showed no association. Among 197 species with at least 0.01% average relative abundance, sedentary time was positively associated with 30 species including 8 Bacteroides species, Alistipes putredinis and finegoldii , and inversely with 19 species including 7 Prevotella species, Roseburia faecis , and Bifidobacterium adolescentis (FDR &lt;.1, Figure), whereas no species was associated with MVPA. A KEGG pathway module analysis suggested elevated methane metabolism, bacterial secretion, and carbon fixation with higher sedentary time (P&lt;.05) but none after FDR correction (all FDR&gt;.1). Positive associations were observed between MVPA with D-glucuronate degradation and semi-phosphorylative Entner-Doudoroff pathway (gluconate → glycerate-3P, found in halophilic euryachaea and Clostridium species) (P&lt;.05 but FDR&gt;.1). Conclusions: We observed a perturbed overall gut microbiome and relative abundance of species with sedentary time.

Timing of physical activity in relation to liver fat content and insulin resistance

Aims/hypothesisWe hypothesised that the insulin-sensitising effect of physical activity depends on the timing of the activity. Here, we examined cross-sectional associations of breaks in sedentary time and timing of physical activity with liver fat content and insulin resistance in a Dutch cohort.MethodsIn 775 participants of the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity (NEO) study, we assessed sedentary time, breaks in sedentary time and different intensities of physical activity using activity sensors, and liver fat content by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (n=256). Participants were categorised as being most active in the morning (06:00–12:00 hours), afternoon (12:00–18:00 hours) or evening (18:00–00:00 hours) or as engaging in moderate-to-vigorous-physical activity (MVPA) evenly distributed throughout the day. Most active in a certain time block was defined as spending the majority (%) of total daily MVPA in that block. We examined associations between sedentary time, breaks and timing of MVPA with liver fat content and HOMA-IR using linear regression analyses, adjusted for demographic and lifestyle factors including total body fat. Associations of timing of MVPA were additionally adjusted for total MVPA.ResultsThe participants (42% men) had a mean (SD) age of 56 (4) years and a mean (SD) BMI of 26.2 (4.1) kg/m2. Total sedentary time was not associated with liver fat content or insulin resistance, whereas the amount of breaks in sedentary time was associated with higher liver fat content. Total MVPA (−5%/h [95% CI −10%/h, 0%/h]) and timing of MVPA were associated with reduced insulin resistance but not with liver fat content. Compared with participants who had an even distribution of MVPA throughout the day, insulin resistance was similar (−3% [95% CI −25%, 16%]) in those most active in morning, whereas it was reduced in participants who were most active in the afternoon (−18% [95% CI −33%, −2%]) or evening (−25% [95% CI −49%, −4%]).Conclusions/interpretationThe number of daily breaks in sedentary time was not associated with lower liver fat content or reduced insulin resistance. Moderate-to-vigorous activity in the afternoon or evening was associated with a reduction of up to 25% in insulin resistance. Further studies should assess whether timing of physical activity is also important for the occurrence of type 2 diabetes.Graphical abstract

Daily Patterns of Accelerometer-Measured Movement Behaviors in Glaucoma Patients: Insights From UK Biobank Participants.

The purpose of this study is to compare daily patterns of accelerometer-measured movement behaviors between glaucoma patients and those without glaucoma. From 2013 to 2015, 106,053 UK Biobank participants took part in a 7-day accelerometer test. Based on established algorithms, continuous accelerometer data were classified into 4 movement behaviors: moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and sleep. Glaucoma and other covariates were defined according to baseline assessments and inpatient diagnosis records. Negative binomial regression models were used to compare daily patterns of movement behaviors between glaucoma patients and those without glaucoma. Accelerometer data from 1262 glaucoma patients and 81,551 participants without glaucoma were included. Compared with participants without glaucoma, glaucoma patients spent 4.7% less time on MVPA in multivariable models [mean=28.3 vs 31.4min/d; incidence-rate ratio (IRR) 0.953, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.910-0.998; P=0.044], which was mainly attributed to the decreased MVPA time during 18:00-23:59 (IRR=0.863, Bonferroni-corrected 95% CI: 0.768-0.970; P=0.002). Subgroup analyses indicated that compared with those with normal body mass index, the decreased MVPA time was more pronounced in participants with overweight and obesity (IRR=0.912, Bonferroni-corrected 95% CI: 0.851-0.978; P for interaction=0.007). No significant association was found between glaucoma and time spent on other movement behaviors including light physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and sleep. Daily patterns of movement behaviors were significantly changed in glaucoma patients. Compared with those without glaucoma, glaucoma patients spent less time on MVPA, especially in the evening.

Bidirectional associations of accelerometer-assessed physical activity and sedentary time with physical function among older English adults: the EPIC-Norfolk cohort study

To develop healthy ageing interventions, longitudinal associations between objectively assessed physical behaviours and physical function need to be better understood. We assessed associations between accelerometer-assessed total physical activity (PA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), sedentary time and prolonged sedentary bout time, and clinically assessed physical function (grip strength, usual walking speed (UWS), chair stand speed) at two time-points in 3188 participants (≥ 60 years) of the EPIC-Norfolk study. Bidirectional associations were assessed using multivariable linear regression. Over an average of 6.1 years, baseline physical behaviours (greater total PA, MVPA and LPA, and less sedentary time) were associated with better subsequent walking and chair stand speed. Better baseline physical function was associated with better follow-up physical behaviours. There were no bidirectional associations between changes in physical behaviours and grip strength. Improvements in UWS were associated with improvements in all physical behaviours. Improvements in chair stand speed were associated with improvements in total PA, MVPA, and sedentary bout time. Improvements in physical behaviours were associated with improvements in UWS (3.1 cm/s/yr per 100 cpm/yr total PA, 3.6 cm/s/yr per hr/day/yr MVPA, 2.5 cm/s/yr per hr/day/yr LPA, − 2.9 cm/s/yr per hour/day/yr sedentary time, and − 1.6 cm/s/yr per hr/day/yr prolonged sedentary bout time). Only improvements in total PA, MVPA and sedentary bout time were associated with improvements in chair stand speed. In conclusion, we found bidirectional associations between changes in some physical behaviours and physical function and between baseline physical behaviours and subsequent physical function, highlighting the importance of considering the full range of physical behaviours to promote healthy ageing.

Daily Physical Activity in Asthma and the Effect of Mepolizumab Therapy.

For the various asthma-specific beneficial effects of physical activity, daily physical activity (DPA) and the potential of asthma therapies on DPA require better characterization. Hence, we aimed to determine (a) the DPA of asthma patients, and (b) the effect of add-on mepolizumab on the DPA of severe asthma patients. Methods: Adult outpatients with mild-to-moderate or severe asthma had accelerometer assessment of DPA. Severe asthma patients who were commenced on mepolizumab had their DPA reassessed after 12 months. Results: For the total cohort (n = 36), daily step count, time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), MVPA volume and Movement Intensity (MI) were 7806 ± 3823 steps, 123 (interquartile range, 63) min, 657 ± 255 MET·min and 1.96 (0.45) m/s2, respectively. All patients met at least one recommendation for DPA but less than half met recommendations for vigorous DPA. Patients on mepolizumab therapy increased daily step count (646 steps; 9%), time in MVPA (20 min; 21%), MVPA volume (87 MET·min; 17%) and MI (0.11 m/s2; 6%) for the same amount of moving time; lung function, asthma control and health-related quality of life also improved. Conclusions: Analysis of the first national data on DPA in asthma and novel comparison against current applicable guidelines and identified beneficial thresholds showed borderline levels of DPA with room for improvement especially for severe asthma patients. In a non-sedentary cohort of severe asthma patients, mepolizumab conferred significant and meaningful improvements in DPA.

Individual- and Environmental- Level Predictors of Recess Activity and Sedentary Behavior: Findings from the I-CAN! study.

Recess represents a prime opportunity for physical activity during the school day. However, evidence is mixed with regard to factors associated with activity during recess. Data were collected as a part of the Texas Initiative for Children's Activity and Nutrition (I-CAN!) program from 14 elementary schools and 1,049 4th-grade students. Percent of time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior during recess was measured using GT3X+ accelerometers. Students' demographics, aerobic fitness, and body mass index (BMI) were collected from school records and FITNESSGRAM® data. Aspects of the playground environment supporting activity (e.g. soccer goals) or sedentary behavior (e.g. benches) were calculated following the procedures of the System for Observing Play and Leisure Activity in Youth (SOPLAY), with recess spatial area calculated via the polygon measurement tool in Google™ Earth Pro software. Recess time was collected from school data. Weather during recess was determined using time-stamped archived weather data from Weather Underground. Two-level, linear mixed model regression examined associations between individual- and school-level characteristics and percent time in MVPA. At the student-level, boys were more active than girls (effect size (ES)=0.50) and percent time in MVPA was directly associated with aerobic fitness (ES=0.35). At the school-level, recess infrastructure was associated with percent time in MVPA (ES=1.45), except for factors related to sedentary behavior, which were indirectly associated with percent time in MVPA (ES=-1.98). Patterns for sedentary behavior mirrored these effects. This is one of the few studies to test the associations of fitness and sedentary upgrades to play areas with MVPA and sedentary behavior. The results suggest that recess is most likely to support MVPA in boys and those who are already most fit (i.e., those who would not be the target of intervention). This is not surprising because the focus of recess is on free choice of play, and thus recess might be supported more for social and emotional benefits than the impact on physical activity.

Associations between the composition of daily time spent in physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep and risk of depression: Compositional data analyses of the 1970 British cohort Study

BackgroundThe benefits of moderate to vigorous physical activity(MVPA) in lowering depression risk are well established, but there is mixed evidence on sleep, sedentary behaviour(SB), and light-intensity physical activity(LIPA). These behaviours are often considered in isolation, neglecting their behavioural and biological interdependences. We investigated how time spent in one behaviour relative to others was associated with depression risk. MethodsWe included 4738 individuals from the 1970 British Cohort study (age 46 wave). Depression status was ascertained using self-reported doctor visits and prescribed anti-depressant use. MVPA, LIPA, SB and sleep were ascertained using thigh-worn accelerometers worn consecutively for 7 days. Compositional logistic regression was used to examine associations between different compositions of time spent in movement behaviours and depression. ResultsMore time spent in MVPA, relative to SB, sleep or LIPA, was associated with a lower risk of depression. When modelling reallocation of time (e.g. replacing time in one behaviour with another), replacing sleep, SB or LIPA with MVPA time was strongly associated with lower depression risk. Reallocating time between SB, sleep or LIPA had minimal to no effect. LimitationsData was cross-sectional, therefore causality cannot be inferred. Accelerometers do not capture SB context (e.g. TV watching, reading) nor separate biological sleep from time spent in bed. ConclusionsDisplacing any behaviour with MVPA was associated with a lower risk of depression. This study provides promising support that increasing MVPA, even in small doses, can have a positive impact on prevention, mitigation and treatment of depression.

The association of physical activity, sleep, and screen time with mental health in Canadian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal isotemporal substitution analysis

BackgroundThe impact of COVID-19 on adolescent mental health is a global concern. Increased screen time and reduced physical activity due to the lockdown measures have been linked to detrimental mental health outcomes; however, the literature remains limited by cross-sectional and retrospective designs, and consideration of behaviours in isolation. Prospective evidence is necessary to examine whether moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sleep and screen time influenced changes in mental health. MethodAnalyses used data from a prospective cohort study of secondary school students in Canada with baseline data from the 2018–2019 school year and linked follow-up data from online surveys completed during the initial COVID-19 outbreak (May–July 2020). Multilevel linear regression models were used to evaluate the within- and between-person isotemporal substitution effects of sleep, MVPA and screen time behaviours on depression, anxiety, subjective well-being, and trait emotional dysregulation. ResultsLinked longitudinal data from 2645 students attending 44 schools were available. Between-person effects indicated that individuals who engaged in more MVPA and sleep while minimizing screen time had lower depression scores, less severe emotional dysregulation, and better subjective well-being. While controlling for between-person effects, within-person year-on-year change suggests those who increased screen time while decreasing either MVPA or sleep experienced mental health decline on all outcomes. ConclusionMVPA and sleep were associated with youth mental health during the early COVID-19 lockdown. Increasing MVPA and sleep (or at least mitigating the increase of screen time) compared to the prior year was associated with better mental health during the early pandemic. A limitation to consider is that the screen time measure represents a combination of screen behaviours, and effects of replacing screen time may have varied if distinctions were made.

Association between childcare movement behaviour compositions with health and development among preschoolers: Finding the optimal combinations of physical activities and sedentary time

ABSTRACT Little is known about how wake-time movement behaviour compositions while in childcare relate to children’s health and development. This study aimed to use compositional analysis to examine how childcare movement behaviour compositions were associated with standardised body mass index (zBMI) and physical and psychosocial functioning among children in the preschool setting. A total of 405 preschoolers wore accelerometers during childcare hours to measure their moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light intensity physical activity (LPA) and sedentary time. Compositional regression, isotemporal substitution models, and the “Goldilocks” approach was used to examine how wake-time childcare movement behaviour compositions related to each of the outcomes. Engaging in greater LPA relative to MVPA and sedentary time was associated with higher BMI z-scores, replacing sedentary time or time spent in MVPA with LPA was associated with greater physical functioning, and spending more time in sedentary behaviours relative to overall physical activity was related with greater psychosocial functioning. It is not clear what the optimal wake-time movement behaviour composition while in childcare is for health and development; however, LPA and sedentary time while in childcare may have some benefits. More research is needed to aid the development of childcare-specific guidelines for physical activity and sedentary behaviours.

Reallocating Time Between Sleep, Sedentary Time, And Physical Activity On Quality Of Life In Cancer Survivors

PURPOSE: Increasing time in moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and reducing time in sedentary behaviors (SB) can improve quality of life (QOL) in cancer survivors (CS). However, these behaviors only account for a small portion of the day, neglecting other important health behaviors like sleep and light PA. When examining the effects of these behaviors on QOL, it is important to account for their interdependent nature within the confines of the 24-hour day (i.e., you must decrease time in one activity to increase time in another). This study examined the effect of reallocating time between sleep, SB, light PA and MVPA on QOL in a mixed sample of CS. METHODS: A cross-sectional evaluation of adult CS within five-years of completing active cancer treatment(s). Participants concurrently wore the activPAL™ accelerometer to measure SB, light PA and MVPA, and the Actiwatch-2 to measure sleep duration for 7-days, 24-hours per day. QOL was measured using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G). FACT-G scores range from 0-108, a difference of 4 points is considered clinically meaningful, and higher scores indicate better QOL. Isotemporal substitution methods in linear regression models were used to examine the effect of 30-minute time reallocations on total QOL. RESULTS: Participants (N=73) were M=53±13 years old, mostly female (75.7%), and diagnosed with colorectal (33.8%) breast (29.7%), leukemia/lymphoma (9.5%), or other (27.0%) cancer. Average QOL score was 87.0±15.3 (range = 41-107). No time reallocations were statistically significant, however, clinically meaningful associations (i.e., lower QOL) were observed for reallocating 30 minutes from MVPA to sleep (-4.42), SB (-4.32), or light PA (-5.06). CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that moving time away from MVPA may negatively impact QOL but did not reach statistical significance. These findings are congruent with previous literature which has established the important role of MVPA for QOL in CS. Future studies should evaluate reallocating time among a sample of survivors presenting with poor versus good QOL to guide intervention development.

P10-11 The effect of a pedometer-based intervention across two years, in people with type 2 diabetes and prediabetes - a compositional data analysis

BackgroundFor people with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes it is important to be regularly physical active. Increasing and maintaining physical activity (PA) can be challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a pedometer-based intervention on PA, with a compositional data analysis (CoDA) approach, in individuals with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes.MethodsLongitudinal data on 188 participants with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (40% female, mean age = 64.1 years) from a three-armed randomized controlled trail, the Sophia Step Study, was used. The three groups were a multi?component group (self?monitoring of steps with a pedometer, together with group (12 occasions) and individual counselling (10 occasions)), a single?component group (self?monitoring of steps with a pedometer, without counselling) and a standard care group. PA (moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), light-intensity PA (LIPA) and sedentary behaviour (SB)) during the awake time were measured with ActiGraph GT1M accelerometer at baseline, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. Relative time in MVPA, LIPA and SB for each participant at each measurement point was calculated by using the CoDA approach. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate the intervention effect between the three groups on the relative time in MVPA, LIPA and SB over the two-year period.ResultsIn total, 41% had ≤30 min MVPA at baseline. Significant group by time interactions were found for the multi-component group and the standard care group for the relative time in MVPA, at 6, 18 and 24 months. Differences in predicted group means between the groups were 1.2% at 6 months, 1.3% at 18 months and 0.9% at 24 months. Significant group by time interactions were also found for the single-component group and the standard care group for the relative time in MVPA at 24 months, with a difference in predicted group means of 0.8%. No significant interactions for LIPA or SB were found.ConclusionsThe multi-component group and the single-component component group maintained their relative time in MVPA, while the standard care group decreased their relative time in MVPA over the two-year period. This indicate that the Sophia Step Study intervention can prevent a decrease in MVPA in people with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.

S07-2 Variability in physical activity levels in adolescent Gaelic football players across a competitive season

Abstract Background Gaelic football is the most popular team-based sport among Irish adolescents, yet research examining the physical activity (PA) levels attained during this sport is limited. Moreover, no research has examined the PA levels of participants across a competitive season, limiting the data collection to one, often undisclosed time point. Therefore, the aim of this study was to objectively measure changes in PA levels attained by adolescents during Gaelic football participation across two time points in a season and determine if these changes had an effect on the overall daily PA levels. Methods A total of 131 adolescents (67 male, 64 female; mean age 14.5 yrs.) were recruited from a convenience sample of three local clubs. Participants wore an activPAL3M accelerometer to determine total sitting/lying time, standing time, light intensity physical activity (LIPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during a seven-day measurement period, including Gaelic football participation. Physical activity measurement was completed at two separate time points, in line with the ?preseason? (round 1) and ?in-season? (round 2) periods of the Gaelic football calendar. Results Males accumulated significantly less time in MVPA during games in round 2 when compared to round 1 (round 1 = 36%; round 2 = 30%; p &amp;gt; 0.05). In contrast, females accumulated significantly more time in MVPA during both practices (round 1 = 19%; round 2 = 26%; p &amp;gt; 0.05) and games (round 1 = 27%; round 2=35%; p &amp;gt; 0.05) during round 2. The average daily minutes spent in MVPA by males significantly decreased between the two time points (round 1 = 36.5±12.9min; round 2 = 30.8±13.5min; p &amp;gt; 0.05), while daily MVPA in females significantly increased (round 1 = 26.3±8.9min; round 2 = 30.6±11.6min; p &amp;gt; 0.05). No significant differences in daily MVPA levels were observed between the genders during round 2 (p &amp;gt; 0.05). Conclusion The results demonstrate that the PA levels attained during Gaelic football participation change significantly across a competitive season. These changes may be a direct result of different coaching strategies implemented as the season progresses. The overall daily PA levels of the participants also changed significantly across the time points, resulting in males and females accumulating equal amounts of MVPA daily. This change in daily PA levels may be a consequence of the changes in PA levels attained during Gaelic football participation.

S08-4 In terms of individual fitness, people with low cardiorespiratory fitness are physically the most active

Abstract Background Depending on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), people may perceive differently the exertion of incident physical activity (PA). It has been proposed to use thresholds relative to individual fitness in PA monitoring when it is feasible. Methods 1952 adults (803 men, 1149 women), aged 20-69 years participated in the FinFit2017 (EUPASMOS) -study. Their VO2max was predicted with 6 min walking test and they had accelerometer wear time at least four days with minimum of 24 h/day during seven consecutive days of measurement period. The participants were divided into CRF thirds by age groups and sex. Acceleration data was analyzed in 6s epochs and intensity in MET (metabolic equivalent) values was calculated for each epoch. MET values were smoothed with 1min exponential moving average. The epoch activity was classified into moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) using both absolute (3.0MET) and individual (40% of the oxygen uptake reserve) thresholds. The accumulated MVPA time was calculated for bouts at least 0.1, 1.5, 3.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 30.0 and 60.0 minutes. Population-weighted average of accumulated PA times in CRF-thirds and partial Spearman correlations controlled by age and sex between bout lengths and VO2max were calculated for both absolute and relative thresholds. Results Participants in the lowest CRF-third accumulated the most (p &amp;gt; 0.05) MVPA time with relative threshold (22min (low); 15min (middle); 12min (high)) and the highest third (40min (low); 50min (middle); 56min (high)) with absolute threshold. The correlations were negative with individual thresholds, if short bouts were counted into accumulated time, and significant positive correlation (r = 0.048) was achieved only with at least 60.0min bouts. The correlations were significantly positive for all bout lengths with absolute thresholds and the highest correlation was achieved with at least 0.1min bouts (r = 0.295). Conclusions The lowest fitness third was the most active when the PA intensity was analyzed using relative thresholds. Their PA was mostly accumulated from short, few minute bouts. Thus, they had to utilize more of their aerobic capacity on daily basis just to keep up with their daily routines and the peers.

O5-6 The relation between domain-specific physical behavior and cardiorespiratory fitness: a compositional data analysis on the physical activity health paradox using accelerometer-assessed data

BackgroundIn contrast to leisure time physical activity (LTPA), occupational physical activity (OPA) does not have similar beneficial health effects. These differential health effects, also known as the physical activity health paradox, might be explained by dissimilar effects of LTPA and OPA on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). This study aims to investigate the association between device-worn measures of physical behaviors during both work and leisure time and CRF among workers with high level of OPA.MethodsOur results are based on a sample of 309 workers employed within the service and production sector from the cross-sectional FEPA (Flemish Employees' Physical Activity) study. OPA and LTPA were measured using two Axivity AX3 accelerometers, worn on the back and right thigh for 2 to 4 consecutive working days. CRF levels were obtained by the Harvard step test. Compositional multiple linear regression analyses were used to analyze the relations, adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking, BMI, moderate-to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and physical work demands.ResultsDuring work time, more sedentary behavior (SB) was associated with higher CRF when compared relatively to time spent on other work behaviors, while more SB during leisure time was associated with lower CRF when compared to other leisure time behaviors. Reallocating more time to MVPA from the other behaviors within leisure time was positively associated with CRF, which was not the case for MVPA during work.ConclusionOur results emphasize the need for taking the domain-specific nature of physical activity into account to understand its relation to CRF. Guidelines usually do not differentiate between OPA and LTPA in their recommendation to participate in at least 150 min of physical activity per week, regardless of the OPA level. Workers already meeting this recommendations through OPA might therefore mistakenly think that they already meet the recommendations on physical activity and think they can spend their leisure time in a sedentary fashion. In reality, these types of workers might benefit from recommendations to take more sitting breaks during their work and to participate in leisure time MVPA to maintain or improve their CRF in order ‘to be fit for the job'.

Physical Activity, Energy Expenditure, Screen Time and Social Support in Spanish Adolescents-Towards an Explanatory Model about Health Risk Factors.

Youth obesity has been a pandemic for decades. One of its causes is a low level of physical activity. It is necessary to know the specific situation of adolescents and the factors that influence it in order to be able to act accordingly. The first aim of the current study is to create an explanatory model to establish the relationships between light physical activity time, light physical activity energy expenditure, screen time and social support. The second aim is to propose a theoretical model specifying the relationships between moderate–vigorous physical activity time, moderate–vigorous physical activity energy expenditure, screen time and social support. The study design was non-experimental (ex post facto), descriptive-correlational and cross-sectional. A total of 694 adolescents from the region of Soria (12–17 years) participated in the study. The instruments administered were the Four by One-Day Physical Activity Questionnaire, Parent Support Scale and Peer Support Scale. Two structural equation models were developed to analyse the relationships between the variables that comprised the explanatory models. The results show that social support had a negative influence on screen time in the proposed model in relation to light physical activity (r = −0.210; p ≤ 0.001) and in the proposed one regarding moderate–vigorous physical activity (r = −0.173; p ≤ 0.05). Social support was negatively related to light physical activity time (r = −0.167; p ≤ 0.05). Family support had a greater influence than did peer support. In conclusion, the models for light and moderate–vigorous physical activity are useful to describe the relationships between time, energy expenditure, screen time and social support.

Correlates of the Physical Activity Decline during Childhood.

This study aimed to describe longitudinal trends in children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and to investigate associations with individual, familial, and school characteristics. A sample of 341 Portuguese children age 5-10 yr (173 girls) from six age cohorts was followed over 3 yr using a mixed-longitudinal design. Physical activity, body mass index (BMI), gross motor coordination, and musculoskeletal fitness were assessed annually. Information on socioeconomic status and school characteristics was collected and analyzed with mixed models. MVPA shows a similar declining trend in both sexes, but on average, boys exceeded the World Health Organization recommendations of 60 min·d -1 . The best model showed that boys spend, on average, more time in MVPA than girls. Children with lower BMI are less prone to the decline in MVPA, whereas higher levels of musculoskeletal fitness were associated with lower declines in MVPA. Of all school characteristics, only playground dimension was related to MVPA decreasing trajectories. MVPA systematically declines from 5 to 10 yr of age in both boys and girls, but boys remained more active than girls across the age range. The best predictors of MVPA decline are sex, BMI, musculoskeletal fitness, and school playground dimension.

Physical activity measured by accelerometry among adolescents participating in sports clubs and non-participating peers

ABSTRACT The purpose of this descriptive cross-sectional study is to describe the amount and intensity of physical activity (PA) measured by accelerometry among adolescents participating in organized sports (SCP) and age-matched non-participating peers (NP). SCPs (332) and NPs (139) wore an accelerometer on the hip for seven days. PA was reported using the 1-min exponential moving average. The current moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) recommendation of at least an average of 60 min of MVPA daily was reached by 85% of SCPs and 45% of NPs (p < .001). During training days, the MVPA times among SCPs ranged from 153 ± 39 min in males and 109 ± 35 min in females participating in basketball to 113 ± 33 min in males participating in floorball and 83 ± 32 min in females participating in gymnastics. Sports participation contributes rather strongly to the accumulation of the recommended amount of MVPA. During training days, SCPs, except for females participating in gymnastics, accumulated more MVPA than NPs. During non-training days, only males participating in cross-country skiing and females participating in track and field accumulated more MVPA than NPs. HIGHLIGHTS PA of Finnish adolescents participating in nine different organized sports and age-matched non-participating peers was measured by accelerometry for one week and the results are reported using the 1-min exponential moving average. Adolescents participating in many organized sports accumulated more PA than non-participants; this was observed in meeting the PA recommendations, total amount of PA at different intensities, and step count. The current PA recommendation of at least an average of 60 min of MVPA per day was reached by 85% of SCPs and 45% of non-participating peers. Vigorous physical activity at least three times per week was incorporated by 96% of SCPs and 81% of NPs. During training days, males participating in soccer, basketball, and cross-country skiing spent more time in MVPA than females participating in the same sports. During non-training days, the time spent in MVPA was similar between males and females participating in sports clubs.