Time In Everyday Life Research Articles

„Diena be nuotykių“: kasdienybės laiko tvarkymas vidutiniame Lietuvos miestelyje

The article discusses the peculiarities of daily time management of people living in medium-sized Lithuanian towns. The prevailing concepts of everyday life are examined, focusing on the meanings of everyday life and time that emerge from the emic perspective of the respondents. Aspects of respondents’ daily routine rhythm, coordination of social time and planning of agendas are revealed. It shows how a resident of an average Lithuanian town organises their time in everyday life. The article analyses the data of the field survey conducted in the towns of Josvainiai and Ramygala from January 2020 to October 2020.

Is life going too fast? Exploring the unique and joint contributions of mindfulness, temperament, task load, and metacognitions about time.

Previous research has shown that mindfulness is associated with slower passage of time in everyday life, and with lower self-reported time pressure. This study investigates some of the potential mechanisms behind these relationships. 318 participants submitted their responses to an online survey which collected data regarding passage of time judgments, time pressure, trait mindfulness, temperament, task load, and metacognitions about time. Using commonality and dominance analyses, we explored how these variables contributed, either alone or jointly, to predicting how fast (or slow) time seems to pass for participants, or how pressed for time they felt. Mindfulness and temperament had some overlaps in their ability to predict passage of time judgments and time pressure for durations at the month and 2-month scales. The temperamental trait of extraversion/surgency, as well as the Non-judging and Non-reacting facets of mindfulness were among the best predictors of passage of time judgments and time pressure. Attention-related variables were mainly related to time perception via their involvement in joint effects with other variables. Results also suggested that metacognitions about time interacted with other variables in predicting passage of time judgments, but only at the month scale. Finally, among all the variables included in this study, task load had the highest degree of involvement in predictions of self-reported time pressure at the week and month scales, but it contributed relatively little to predicting passage of time judgments. Results suggest that mindfulness relates to passage of time through its involvement in inferential processes. The data also shows how different factors are related to PoTJ at different time scales. Finally, results suggest the existence of both similarities and differences in how passage of time and time pressure relate to the other included variables.

İleriye Yönelik ve Geriye Dönük Zamanlama Süreçleri: Teoriler ve Yöntemler

We experience a flow of time in everyday life. However, according to modern physics, time does not flow. In the psychology and neuroscience literature, different models and explanations have been made to try to answer the question of what time is besides an illusion of flow and to figure out how time is perceived. Different methods have also been used to learn how time is handled and to test how accurate these models are. People process time in two ways: implicitly and explicitly. We are talking about explicit timing when estimating the time interval length. Another distinction, according to the measurement method of time perception paradigms, is between prospective and retrospective time estimations. Although there are theorists who claim that these two methods involve similar cognitive processes, it is thought that different cognitive processes serve to experience and remember a time, depending on whether time perception is measured by the prospective or retrospective time estimation methods. This brings to mind different method-dependent constraints and advantages. As with any other kind of perception study, the method chosen for time perception research should fit the question being asked. This review presents a selective review of time perception studies to make it easier for a researcher planning to study time perception to choose the appropriate method for the study question. The time perception processes and related evidence were examined using prospective and retrospective time estimation measurement methods. But it's important to note that the time perception models and methods talked about in this review are only a small part of a very large field.

INTERNALIZATION OF RELIGIOUS VALUES THROUGH SOCIAL INTERACTION OF SMKN 1 KLATEN STUDENTS

This research was conducted in order to find out how teachers implement Islamic values in students at SMK N 1 Klaten. This research aims to find out what methods are used to implement values in school activities at SMK N 1 Klaten. This research study uses a qualitative descriptive method. This research is included in the classification of field research carried out at SMK N 1 Klaten. The data obtained from this research is through observations, interviews, and documentation from school principals, PAI teachers, and students of SMK N 1 Klaten. The results of this research show that there are several methods for implementing Islamic values carried out at SMK N 1 Klaten, including the habit of reading the Al-Qur'an before learning, dhuha prayers in congregation, and students' religious activity sheets. In the implementation of school activities there are also supporting and inhibiting factors. Supporting factors include support from parents/guardians and from the school. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors come from the students' different backgrounds. Based on the results of research regarding the implementation of Islamic religious values at SMK N 1 Klaten using the habituation method in school activities, including reading the Al-Qur'an before the first lesson begins, praying Dhuha in congregation, and religious activity sheets for students, The implementation of several of these habits is carried out according to each habit and is carried out at any time in everyday life. In implementing this habituation, supporting and inhibiting factors arise. Supporting factors include support from parents and guardians as well as from the school, which always controls students to always implement Islamic religious values. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors include students' different backgrounds in reading the Al-Qur'an, but teachers at SMK N 1 Klaten have a solution to this by directing students to take part in the BTA extracurricular.

Differences in the swallowing process of newborns and healthy preterm infants: first results with a non-invasive bioimpedance and electromyography measurement system

PurposePreterm infants (PI) have difficulty coordinating sucking, swallowing and breathing, and there is a risk of aspiration. The causes of this are not yet sufficiently understood. The aim of this study was to test a novel measurement device to measure breathing and pharyngeal processes involved in swallowing externally in everyday life to identify possible differences in neonates (NB) and PI.MethodsForty healthy NB were studied at 4–8 weeks of age (mean: 6.7 weeks) and 20 healthy PI (mean gestational age 30.5 weeks) at postmenstrual age (PMA) 34/35 weeks (mean PMA 35.1 weeks) during a single feeding. Surface electrodes were used to measure bioimpedance and electromyography reflecting swallow-related changes in the pharynx and muscle activation of the tongue and submental muscles. A respiratory belt was combined with recording of the depth of chest movements and the occurrence of pauses in breathing.ResultsVelocity and extent of pharyngeal closure did not differ significantly across the feeding period (velocity: p=0.09, closure: p=0.17), but during the first two suck–swallow bursts PI had greater velocity (p<0.001*) and extent of pharyngeal closure (p=0.004*) than NB. The duration of swallowing phases was significantly longer in PIs (p<0.001*), their muscle activation decreased faster (p<0.001*), and they had more pauses in breathing than NBs.ConclusionsThe novel measurement device allowed, for the first time in everyday life, the measurement of factors influencing swallowing and breath–swallow coordination in NBs and PIs. PIs showed differences from NBs most likely due to differences in muscle strength and condition.

Why and when choosing child-free life in Sweden? Reasons, influencing factors and personal and societal factors: Individual interviews during 2020–2021

ObjectiveFew studies have examined a voluntarily child-free life in the Nordic countries. The aim of this study was to explore reasons, influencing factors, and personal and social factors in individuals who chose to lead a child-free life in Sweden. MethodsTwenty-three individual interviews were conducted during 2020–2021, and data were analysed through thematic network analysis. ResultsThe organising themes captured how the informants discovered pathways and managed social structures to feel certain in their decision to lead a child-free life. The informants highlighted freedom, independence and governing their own time in everyday life and acknowledged the younger generation as being more open-minded towards child-free individuals. ConclusionsAll the informants, who had chosen to lead a child-free life, were confident in their decision. They appreciated living in a country where it was possible to make this personal and important life choice independently. Further knowledge is needed about remaining child-free.

The Ambulatory Assessment in Research and Individual Case Analysis in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy

The current article introduces a method of data collection that is of particular importance for research and individual case analysis of the experience and behavior of patients with mental disorders. Numerous questions cannot be adequately answered by conventional methods. In particular, the validity of diagnoses and the testing of hypotheses about the functional relationship of disturbed behavior with antecedent or concomitant internal and external conditions cannot be fully examined with traditional tools. In recent decades, psychology has strongly favored the use of the questionnaire (or interviews) in many domains, which, although economical in time, is considered an inappropriate data collection instrument for many types of questions. This is especially true when the aim is to investigate how people are actually feeling, thinking, and behaving at specific points in time in everyday life. For this purpose, Ambulatory Assessment (AA) was developed.The article briefly describes the method, its history, and the conditions under which it is particularly useful or necessary in the field of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. It also offers insight into AA research in the field of psychiatry and clinical psychology with regard to different types of research questions. Finally, limitations, challenges and opportunities in using ambulatory assessment are discussed.

Unmasking the racism of orthodox international relations/international political economy theory

This article emerges out of the racism debate in Security Dialogue (May 2020). It takes its cue from the passing claim that Orientalism/Eurocentrism is different from racism and that the former is deemed to be relatively innocuous while the latter is viewed as egregious. Here I reveal how Eurocentrism is equivalent to cultural racism. I show how racism has outwardly shapeshifted through time in everyday life and world politics, and how orthodox international relations theory’s racist trajectory has mirrored this. Since 1945, modern orthodox international relations theory has covered its racism with a non-racist mask through a sublimated discourse that focuses on cultural difference but is white racism in disguise. Unmasking modern international relations/international political economy theory exposes this sublimated racist discourse by revealing its racist double move: first, it whitewashes racism and denies its presence in the conduct of world politics and the global economy in the last three centuries, thereby providing an apologia for racist practices; second, it advances subliminal cultural-racist analytical/explanatory frameworks. I close by solving the conundrum as to how white orthodox international relations scholars who are most probably non-racist (though not anti-racist) in their personal lives embrace, albeit unwittingly, racist theories of world politics and the global economy.

L’informalità del capitale: tempi, lavoro e capitalismo delle piattaforme

The outsourcing movement of the second half of the 20th century had fueled informality on its edges: illegal workers in European construction companies or sweatshops of subcontractors from developing countries with unsanitary buildings and degraded working conditions. Digitization in the 21st century has reconfigured this movement in an original way, shifting work towards the home or towards the sphere of everyday life. The article attempts to explain the ways in which capitalism invades spheres and areas that sometimes remained relatively unspoiled or free: random mobility of the driver or the rider of the platforms; interstitial temporality of the “turkers” or “click workers”, space for staging oneself or for gaming on YouTube; amateur management at Lego. The informality of capital is here the effect of the original process of market colonization of the interstitial time in everyday life.

Investigation of Preliminary Motions from a Static State and Their Predictability

Humans observe the actions of others and predict their movements slightly ahead of time in everyday life. Many studies have been conducted to automate such a prediction ability computationally using neural networks; however, they implicitly assumed that preliminary motions occurred before significant movements. In this study, we quantitatively investigate when and how long a preliminary motion appears in motions from static states and what kinds of motion can be predicted in principle. We consider this knowledge fundamental for movement prediction in interaction techniques. We examined preliminary motions of basic movements such as kicking and jumping, and confirmed the presence of preliminary motions by using them as inputs to a neural network. As a result, although we did not find preliminary motion for a hand-moving task, a left-right jumping task had the most preliminary motion, up to 0.4 s before the main movement.

On the Concept of Time in Everyday Life and between Physics and Mathematics

In this paper I consider the concept of time in a general way as daily human time and then within physics with relation to mathematics. I consider the arrow of time and then focus the attention on quantum mechanics, with its particular peculiarities, examining important concepts like temporal asymmetry, complexity, decoherence, irreversibility, information theory, chaos theory. In conclusion I consider the notion of time connected to a new theory in progress, called “Primordial Dynamic Space” theory.

Implementation of Character Education to Improve the Students Discipline Through Habituation of Nadzam Asmaul Husna Recitation at Grade IV

Character education should take place through habituation and all the time in everyday life. This study aims was to determine (1) Implementation of character education (2) Barriers to Reading Asmaul Husna's Habits (3) Supporting reading habits Asmaul Husna (4) Influence of Asmaul Husna on student character. The research was conducted in SDN Purwoyoso 01 Ngaliyan with research subject of fourth-grade students, religious teachers and class teachers on Implementation of Student Discipline Character Education through Reading Asmaul Husna Habituation. The approach used was a qualitative single-case study type. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis was done by using content analysis technique. The result of this research shows that: (1) the discipline of students is good, (2) the implementation of character education through reading habits of Asmaul Husna is good (3) the influence of reading habits of Asmaul Husna has an effect on the character of the students of class IV.

Times of Corona: Investigating the Temporalities of Everyday Life during Lockdown

How did the corona lockdown affect the practising of time in everyday life? And how did new experiences of time challenge the established rhythms, pasts, presents, and futures that permeate daily life? During spring 2020, most of us tried to synchronise with new kinds of time in order to protect family members, avoid anxiety, and continue on as best we could. Many of the everyday micro-practices that sequence time into tacit and taken-for-granted rhythms came to a standstill during lockdown, and new daily routines and ideas of past and future were invoked. Through the prism of the Danish lockdown, this article investigates how contemporary lives unfold through multiple temporalities, and how that shapes and changes how we practice and experience time.

Could Putting the Mesenchymal Stem Cells Technology into Practice Be an Optimistic Therapy for The Critically Ill COVID-19?

COVID-19 comes to light, quickly developing status. Daily, we know more about the human new coronavirus (HCoV19), which is extremely infective with heavy pneumonia connected with fast virus reproduction. Emerging in Wuhan China 31 December 2019, the contemporary COVID-19 outbreak has quickly overripe taking place directly between individuals so contagion extending to be a world health emergency at present on pandemic level. The pandemic has had deep impacts on everyday lifetime towards numerous of the world. Presently no therapy, no specified remedies or inoculations are ready to treat the patients with COVID-19 pollution and investigators here and there the globe are jostling to recognize present medication or synthesis that could be functional versus it. Therefore, there is a great unmet requirement for a secure and efficient therapy for COVID-19 contaminated cases, particularly the serious cases. What types of therapies might now assist? What are the lab craft strategies to restraining coronavirus? Ago mid-February, one tactic that has acquired rising attraction is stem cell therapy, curing that have often been saw as a potential magic bullet by despairing patients suffering from degenerative incurable conditions. In plentiful of these diseases, truth has so far to coincide with the hype. The cell based-therapy doings by supporting the body’s precocious refractory reply in an orientation that could goal the coronavirus. Now stem cell-based therapy for COVID-19 is earning incentive in China. The tally of the world emergency has visible governments frequently proclamation the company global to develop in the search for a cure, and the Australian corporate Mesoblast – a global commander in cell-based therapies for a lot of illnesses – are earned recently the approval to start clinical trials of their possess stem cell based product against COVID-19. Taking into consideration that generality of the dead sick people were produced by serious inflammation reaction, it is extremely demanding to advance efficient curative factors and strategies for that cases. I present an accurate lab modality in preparing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) which might be a perfect option to cure the seriously sick novel COVID-19 cases. Beneath this situation, I suppose that blood derived MSCs generated from the critically ill novel COVID-19 patient itself (autologous) suggested as a treatment for him. Therefore, my viewpoint spots a modern curative strategy.

Waiting and the Duration of Time: The Critique of Everyday Life in Jia Zhangke’s Platform

This paper examines the duration of time in everyday life as depicted in Jia Zhangke’s 贾樟柯 second feature film, Platform 站台 (Zhantai) (2000). In light of the Bergsonian notion of time and Deleuze’s creative application of this notion in the realm of cinema, it demonstrates how the duration of time – the core of the experience of waiting depicted in the film – is brought out in the film’s narrative structure, cinematic devices, and acting style. Fundamental to the film’s creative endeavour is the attempt to capture the resistance of the present moment against the weight of its own virtual double, which is to say, to unearth the gaps and lacunae that lie beneath the temporal continuum assumed in our habitual way of living. On the basis of this particular vision of time, the film offers a critique of everyday life as the very site where the platitude of existing norms of culture is laid bare and where the unbearable pressure of time forces us to question the value of all existing possibilities.

The motivation and opportunities for weight loss related to the everyday life of people with obesity: A qualitative analysis within the DO:IT study

Background Unsuccessful weight loss or weight loss maintenance is due to different barriers and physical limitations related to participation in everyday life. It will, therefore, be relevant to investigate the field from an occupational therapy perspective, since occupational therapists are uniquely trained in focussing on people’s resources, meaningfulness and participation in everyday life. Aim The aim was to explore what motivates people to lose weight from an OT perspective and which opportunities people with obesity experience in their everyday lives to achieve and maintain lost weight. Material and Methods A descriptive phenomenological study including 21 semi-structured individual interviews was conducted as part of the DO:IT study. Results The data analysis led to the identification of three main themes: The influence of external circumstances on the desire for weight loss; use of time in everyday life; and changes in habits, routines and structure. Conclusion People who are overweight or obese are motivated to lose weight because of health issues and feeling more comfortable with their body. The opportunities for weight loss lie in creating habits, routines and structuring everyday life activities to facilitate a healthier lifestyle. Significance The findings indicate that an occupational therapist should be part of weight-loss interventions.

DOES THE INTERNET CHANGE PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE? – EMPIRICAL SURVEY MEASURES FOR GERMANY AND CHINA

Digital media have shown to alter how people deal with and plan time in everyday life. Quantitative research on the subject is scarce. In this paper, I address this by providing a survey design to measure temporal change in two cultural contexts, namely the German and Chinese one as they were previously two different temporal cultures which are now assumed to homogenize. Drawing upon a theory of habitualization, the theory of the social construction of reality and triadic causes I sketch how digital temporal change can be tackled through a bilingual questionnaire, i.e., German, and Simplified Mandarin, presented here in English. Internet-mediated communication is measured alongside personal factors, social and situative influences as independent variables. Temporal understanding as the dependent variable is a nine-dimensional construct, consisting of emic German and Chinese time notions.

Breaking Up Sedentary Behavior Optimally to Enhance Mood.

Experimental evidence shows that breaking-up sedentary behavior is positively associated with positive mental health outcomes. However, whether sedentary breaks influence mood in everyday life is largely unknown. Moreover, it is unclear which break patterns are most beneficial to enhance mood. To investigate the degree to which sedentary break patterns influence mood dimensions in everyday life, we conducted an Ecological Momentary Assessment study in 92 university employees over 5 d. We continuously measured physical behavior (physical activity and sedentary behavior) objectively via accelerometers and assessed mood 10 times a day on smartphone diaries. We defined distinct break patterns, such as variations in frequency (number of breaks), duration (length of breaks), intensity (metabolic equivalent), and context (home or work) and used multilevel modeling to analyze the within-subject effects of sedentary break patterns on mood. Break intensity was positively associated with subsequent valence (P < 0.01), energetic arousal (P < 0.01), and calmness (P < 0.05). Break frequency was positively associated with subsequent valence and energetic arousal (all P's < 0.01), but break duration was not associated with mood. Exploratory analyses indicated that breaking-up sedentary behavior was more beneficial at home than at work. These ecologically valid findings suggest breaking-up sedentary behavior as a promising strategy to enhance mood in everyday life. In particular, breaking-up sedentary behavior frequently and intensively, for example, by walking instead of standing, may be most beneficial. We call for future studies to substantiate these accounts and to identify both practical and optimal break patterns among different samples. This evidence informs official public health recommendations aiming to "minimize sedentary time in everyday life."

Autonomy in Relatedness: How Need Fulfillment Interacts in Close Relationships.

A driving force of relationship maintenance is the fulfillment of basic psychological needs, in particular, the needs for relatedness and autonomy. Until now, research has considered the fulfillment of relatedness and autonomy needs as independent determinants of relationship functioning or as one merged construct called need fulfillment. Little is known about how motivational states interact, even though partners possess and pursue multiple needs at a time in everyday life. Combining theoretical insights from self-determination theory and family systems theory, we test the hypothesis that relatedness and autonomy need fulfillment interact to affect relationship maintenance behavior. In three studies (N = 388, N = 241, and N = 220), we found that relatedness was positively related to accommodation, but especially (or only) when participants reported high, rather than low, autonomy. This research emphasizes the importance of maintaining a sense of self while being closely connected to the partner.

Students’ non-medical use of pharmaceuticals to manage time in everyday life crises

This article examines students’ narratives of lived experiences with non-medical uses of prescription pharmaceuticals (NMUP) and analyzes how their experiences of time in everyday life influence the meanings they ascribe to their NMUP. The analysis draws on sociological notions of time and 28 in-depth qualitative interviews with young adults (age 20-30), who have used pharmaceuticals non-medically while enrolled at a university or college in Denmark. The article focuses on how a majority of students associate their NMUP with situations in which they experience urgency and a crisis of temporal agency due to their inability to pursue perceived necessary rhythms of studying or resting. It examines how these students consider NMUP a normative exception yet employ pharmaceuticals to manage their embodied and everyday life rhythms in order to relief senses of urgency and re-gain temporal agency. The article suggests the notion ‘everyday life crises’ to account for how students reflect that the time pressure associated with the experience of urgency relate to their everyday lives’ temporal practices, structures and norms. In conclusion, the article suggests that the analysis of NMUP as a practice embedded in everyday living highlights the relevance of conceptualising NMUP as ‘time work’ and suggests that future prevention campaigns should focus on students’ experiences of temporal conflicts in everyday life.