Time Applications Research Articles

Artificial optoelectronic synapse based on CdSe nanobelt photosensitized MoS2 transistor with long retention time for neuromorphic application.

Optoelectronic synaptic devices have been regarded as the key component in constructing neuromorphic computing systems. However, the optoelectronic synapses based on conventional 2D transistor are still suffering low photosensitivity and volatile retention behavior, which can affect the recognition accuracy and long-term memory. Here, a novel optoelectronic synaptic device based on surface-state-rich CdSe nanobelt photosensitized 2D MoS2 transistor is demonstrated. Benefiting from the excellent light absorption of CdSe and effective charge trapping at the hetero-interface, the device exhibits not only high photosensitivity but also long retention time (>1,500 s). In addition, typical synaptic functions including the excitatory postsynaptic current, paired-pulse facilitation, the transformation from short-term to long-term plasticity, the transformation from short-term to long-term plasticity, spike-amplitude-dependent plasticity, and learning-forgetting-relearning process are successfully simulated and modulated by light stimulation. Most importantly, an artificial neural network is simulated based on the optical potentiation and electrical habituation characteristics of the synaptic devices, with recognition accuracy rates of 89.2, 93.8, and 91.9 % for file type datasets, small digits, and large digits are achieved. This study demonstrates a simple and efficient way to fabricate highly photosensitive optoelectronic synapse for artificial neural networks by combining the merits of specific materials and device architecture.

Distance-Based Localization in Wireless Sensor Network Using Exponential Grey Prediction Model

Localization in wireless sensor network is the key for many applications in which location of occurrence of event is very important. Distance based localization techniques have proved to be more accurate and feasible for the location calculation of the sensor nodes. Moreover, Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) based techniques are well adopted by the researcher to calculate the distance between the sensor nodes. The optimized value of RSSI may estimate the location more precisely. In this paper, Exponential Grey prediction model and weighted predicted RSSI values are utilized to provide estimated values of RSSI which are then optimized using an objective function. The decreasing term used in the differential equation of the Grey prediction model provides better prediction accuracy which if optimized provides efficient result. The conventional Grey prediction model is limited by the sample space and scope of applications. The Exponential Grey prediction model used in the proposed algorithm removes those drawbacks and can be applied in real time applications with larger sample space. The objective function used in the proposed algorithm uses weighting factor to be applied to Grey predicted RSSI and weighted predicted RSSI to estimate the RSSI value more accurately. The objective function calculates more near values of RSSI to localize the node more accurately. The simulation results obtained are compared with the latest techniques of RSSI calculation like weighted centroid method, RSSI quantization, TMA and FRBW algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm outperform the existing methods for RSSI estimation.

Nitrogen fertilization timing and rate influence N recovery efficiency and rice yield

AbstractNitrogen (N) fertilizer management in rice (Oryza sativa L.) varies with production practices. In drill‐seeded, delayed‐flood production systems, the most common production practice in Louisiana N fertilizer is applied at two application timings. The first application timing is just before the permanent flood is established. The second application is at midseason. Nitrogen fertilization before flooding is critical for maximum N uptake, nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE), and yield. Field experiments were conducted from 2017 to 2020 to evaluate N timing effects on N uptake, NRE, and rice yield. The rice cultivar CL153 was drill‐seeded into a stale seedbed at a seed rate of 85 kg ha−1. Fertilizer‐N was applied utilizing multiple application timings and rates adding up to a seasonal rate of 155 kg ha−1 across treatments. A single N application 1‐day before flooding significantly increased grain yield in all trials, ranging from 8523 kg ha−1 in 2019 to 11,322 kg ha−1 in 2018. Compared to post‐flood applications, preflood N increased plant height, N uptake, and NRE. Split N application rates and timings after flooding did not impact rice yield or its agronomics, such as height, aboveground biomass, and time of heading. NRE and yield were significantly correlated (r = 0.805; p < 0.001). Our results indicated that a single N application before flooding has the potential to be an alternative option for N management in the drill‐seeded, delayed‐flood rice system.

Nanopore R10.4 metagenomic detection of blaCTX-M/blaDHA antimicrobial resistance genes and their genetic environments in stool

The increasing prevalence of gut colonization with CTX-M extended-spectrum β-lactamase- and/or DHA plasmid-mediated AmpC-producing Escherichia coli is a concern. Here, we evaluate Nanopore-shotgun metagenomic sequencing (Nanopore-SMS) latest V14 chemistry to detect blaCTX-M and blaDHA genes from healthy stools. We test 25 paired samples characterized with culture-based methods (native and pre-enriched). Antimicrobial resistant genes (ARGs) are detected from reads and meta-assembled genomes (MAGs) to determine their associated genetic environments (AGEs). Sensitivity and specificity of native Nanopore-SMS are 61.1% and 100%, compared to 81.5% and 75% for pre-enriched Nanopore-SMS, respectively. Native Nanopore-SMS identifies only one sample with an AGE, whereas pre-enriched Nanopore-SMS recognizes 9/18 plasmids and 5/9 E. coli chromosomes. Pre-enriched Nanopore-SMS identifies more ARGs than native Nanopore-SMS (p < 0.001). Notably, blaCTX-Ms and blaDHAs AGEs (plasmid and chromosomes) are identified within 1 hour of sequencing. Furthermore, microbiota analyses show that pre-enriched Nanopore-SMS results in more E. coli classified reads (47% vs. 3.1%), higher differential abundance (5.69 log2 fold) and lower Shannon diversity index (p < 0.0001). Nanopore-SMS has the potential to be used for intestinal colonization screening. However, sample pre-enrichment is necessary to increase sensitivity. Further computational improvements are needed to reduce the turnaround time for clinical applications.

Novel energy savings method considering extra sensor battery discharge time for fish farming applications

Energy savings in Wireless Sensor Networks for fish farms is necessary and beneficial. We present a novel energy savings method that minimizes the interpolation errors of sensors' measurements. Sensors follow a working cycle in which they are active when measuring data, and inactive or suspended when data is interpolated from the above measurements and consumed energy is reduced. To our knowledge, we are the first to implement interpolation for energy savings. We improved that model to describe the non-linear property of the consumed energy in the batteries, adding a new variable that explains their real behavior. Several experiments with a prototype of a Wireless Sensor Network with pH, water temperature, and ambient temperature sensors are implemented to validate our method. We made a series of measurements to determine the actual energy savings at each sensor and compared these savings with those predicted by each theory model. The results show that the model is more accurate, presenting less than 5 % prediction errors which does not affect fish growth. Furthermore, our paper introduces an energy-saving method for extending WSN lifetime by modeling the non-linear power consumption of sensors' batteries. We propose a new mathematical optimization formulation using an efficient interpolation mechanism that operates in real-time. A real-scale WSN prototype installed over water validates and refines our method. Finally, we showed that the number of interpolated values is of a broader range for aquatic sensors than for outdoor sensors such as ambient temperature. That is, energy savings for fish farming is acceptable.

Unpinning and elimination of spiral waves and turbulence through local optogenetical illumination.

Spiral waves in cardiac tissue have been identified as a significant factor leading to life-threatening arrhythmias and ventricular fibrillation. Consequently, understanding the mechanisms underlying the dynamics of such waves and exploring strategies for their elimination have garnered substantial interest and emerged as crucial research objectives. Spiral waves often become pinned (trapped) at anatomical obstacles in cardiac tissue, resulting in increased stability and posing challenges for their elimination. The unpinning of spiral waves can be achieved through the application of an external electric field and has been the subject of previous research. Recently, optogenetics has emerged as an alternative method to modulate electrical activity by illumination of cardiac tissue. In this paper, we employ mathematical modeling to investigate the potential of utilizing local illumination to unpin and eliminate spiral waves in cardiac tissue. We also extend this methodology to explore the effects of more complex turbulent excitation patterns. We conduct simulations using low-dimensional (Barkley) and ionic (Fenton-Karma) models of cardiac tissue, incorporating optogenetical channels. Our findings demonstrate that local suprathreshold illumination can successfully unpin spiral waves in 100% of cases. Notably, unlike unpinning by electrical field stimulation, this approach does not necessitate precise timing of stimulus application during a specific phase of rotation. Additionally, we demonstrate that periodic optogenetical stimulation can effectively eliminate both unpinned spiral waves and turbulence by moving them toward the boundary via an antitachycardia pacing mechanism.

Calibration and validation of APISM-Wheat Model in Mediterranean areas

The Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator-Wheat (APSIM-Wheat) model is one of the most widely used agricultural models. It is a powerful simulator that has been successfully calibrated and tested for many locations in the world, especially in Western Australia (WA). However, there is a noticeable lack of a standard guide for realizing the calibration validation of APSIM-Wheat that could be applied in areas with a Mediterranean climate similar to that of WA. Therefore, this study aims to examine crop simulations reported in published articles and to provide a detailed description of input data and statistical assessment, which represent the two main components of the calibration-validation protocols. The PRISMA (PREFERRED Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) method was used to identify and select relevant papers for this review. Following the analysis of 31 calibration protocols extracted from selected eligible articles, it was found that regardless of the objective of using APSIM-Wheat, the same category of data is required for calibration. As far as meteorological data is concerned, the information essential to this study was daily maximum and minimum air temperatures, rainfall (mm), and solar radiation. In the case of soil data, information about the texture and hydraulic characteristics, especially PAWC, DUL and LL was required. Regarding agricultural management data, this pertains to cultivated crops, Nitrogen fertilization (rate and time of application) and sowing (date and density). For the statistical evaluation, it was observed that 90 percent of studies analyzed in this review revealed the use of RMSE.

Successful School Principalship: A Meta-Synthesis of 20 Years of International Case Studies

This meta-synthesis crosses international borders by analyzing successful principalship across nine countries. With careful, detailed, systematic, and analytic synthesis, it critically explores research-informed understandings of successful principal leadership over the last 20 years. The paper is an interim report of reviews of the 85 articles and 23 chapters produced by the International Successful School Principal Project (ISSPP), the largest, longest-running international research project in this field. In that project, success is defined as the principal’s ability to grow and sustain students’ academic, personal, and social developments and achievements over time. The results add to existing knowledge of how successful school principals achieve success by examining high-quality, published case study evidence from Australia, Cyprus, Israel, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Spain, the UK, and the US. Results suggest common sets of core values, qualities, and practices among school principals, regardless of national contexts, conditions, or cultures. Because the research design is multi-perspective and multi-layered, the case studies also show significant, context-informed differences in timing, pace, and extent of application of improvement strategies. Thus, the findings of this synthesis paint a thorough and cohesive picture of who successful principals are and what they do over time at the global level to achieve success, as they navigate values-led school success in different contexts and improvement phases within complex internal and external ecological chrono-, macro-, exo-, meso-, and microsystems.

Angiogenesis and full thickness wound repair in a cell sheet-based vascularized skin substitute

Skin tissue engineering is undergoing tremendous expansion as a result from clinical needs, mandatory replacement of animal models and development of new technologies. Many approaches have been used to produce vascularized skin substitutes for grafting purposes showing the presence of capillary-like structures but with limited analysis of their in vitro maturation and plasticity. Such knowledge is however important for the development of tissue substitutes with improved implantation success as well as for validation of vascularization in vitro models, including as a readout in pharmacological analyses. For optimal interactions of cells with microenvironment and vasculature, we here used a cell sheet approach consisting in the sole production of matrix by the cells. In this context, we limited the density of endothelial cells seeded for self-assembly and rather relied on the stimulation of angiogenesis for the development of an extensive connected microvascular-like network. After detailed characterization of this network, we challenged its plasticity both during and after establishment of the skin substitute. We show that fine tuning of VEGF concentration and time of application differentially affects formation of capillary-like structures and their perivascular coverage. Furthermore, we performed a deep wound assay that displayed tissue repair and angiogenesis with unique characteristics of the physiological process. These studies demonstrate the importance of cell-derived microenvironment for the establishment of mature yet dynamic vascularized skin models allowing a wide range of pharmacological and basic investigations. Statement of significanceThe significant advancements in organ-on-chips and tissue engineering call for more relevant models including microvascularization with remodeling potential. While vascularized skin substitutes have been developed for years, focus has primarily been on the impact of microvascularization on implantation rather than on its in vitro characterization. We here developed a cell sheet-based vascularized skin substitute relying on angiogenesis, i.e. growth of vessel-like structures within the 3D model, rather than solely on endothelial cell self-assembly. We then characterized :1/ vascularization after modulation of angiogenic factor VEGF during the substitute construction; -2/ angiogenesis associated to tissue repair after deep mechanical wounding. These studies establish a solid physiologically relevant model for further investigation of skin cell interactions and in vitro wound healing.

Comparison of the efficacy of Er,Cr:YSGG laser on oral biofilm removal from implant surfaces with various application times for the treatment of peri-implantitis defects: ex vivo study

PurposeThe major struggle in peri-implantitis therapy is the availability of successful decontamination of the infected implant surface. The main hypothesis of this study was the Er,Cr: YSGG laser decontamination efficacy investigation on the infected implant surfaces with various peri-implantitis defects. The primary objective of this study was to decide the efficacy of Er,Cr:YSGG laser as a decontamination tool at various peri-implantitis simulating defects. The secondary objective was to compare the efficacy of the Er,Cr: YSGG laser on oral biofilm removal between two protocols the first protocol (4 cycles at 2.5 min) and the second protocol (5 cycles at 5 min) at various peri-implantitis simulating defects.Materials and methodsA total of 3 subjects whose plaque biofilms formed in-vivo on twenty-four tested implants were divided into four tested groups. Two native implants were tested as controls.The in vitro defect model was computer‐aided designed and printed into a 3D-printed model with various anulations in peri-implant infrabony defects, which were 15,30,60,and 90 degrees.ResultsBoth Er, Cr: YSGG decontamination protocols at 50 mJ (1.5 W/30 Hz), 50% air, and 40% water were effective at reducing the total implant surface area/ biofilm ratio (%), but the second protocol had a markedly greater reduction in the duration of application (5 cycles at 5 min) than did the first protocol (4 cycles at 2.5 min).ConclusionThe Er, Cr: YSGG laser is an effective decontamination device in various peri-implantitis defects. The second protocol(5 cycles at 5 min) with greater application time and circles is more effective than the first one. The defect angulation influence the decontamination capability in peri-implantitis therapy.Clinical relevance (Scientific rationale for study)Clinicians anticipate that the exploration of suitable therapeutic modalities for peri-implantitis therapy is limited by the obvious heterogeneity of the available evidence in the literature and need for a pre-clinical theoretical basis setup. The major challenges associated with peri-implantitis therapy include the successful decontamination of the infected implant surface, the absence of any damage to the treated implant surface with adequate surface roughness, and the biocompatibility of the implant surface, which allows osteoblastic cells to grow on the treated surface and is the key for successful re-osseointegration. Therefore, these are the expected empirical triads that need to be respected for successful peri-implantitis therapy. Failure of one of the triads represents a peri-implantitis therapeutic failure. The Er, Cr: YSGG laser is regarded as one of the expected devices for achieving the required triad.Trial registration"Efficacy of Er,Cr YSGG Laser in Treatment of Peri-implantitis". ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT05137821. First Posted date: 30 -11–2021.

Estimating soil mineral nitrogen from data-sparse field experiments using crop model-guided deep learning approach

Sandy soils are susceptible to excessive nitrogen (N) leaching under intensive crop production which is linked with the soil’s low nutrient holding capacity and high-water infiltration rate. Estimating soil mineral nitrogen (SMN) at the daily time-step is crucial in providing fertilizer recommendations balancing plant nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and N losses to the environment. Crop models [e.g., Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT)] can simulate SMN trend under varied fertilizer application rates and timings but struggle with accuracy in high-water table conditioned sub-irrigated soil. Alternatively, time-series deep learning (DL) models based on a long short-term memory (LSTM) are promising in understanding nonlinearity among complex variables. Yet, purely data-driven DL models for crops are challenging to develop due to limited field data availability and the excessive costs to collect more field data. Hence, a hybrid model (hybrid-LSTM) was developed by leveraging both the DSSAT and LSTM models to estimate daily SMN primarily using daily weather, applied fertilizer rates-timings, and the SMN sparse observations. This study used the observations from field trials conducted between 2011–2014 in Hastings, FL. The first step was to calibrate the DSSAT-SUBSTOR-Potato model to produce reliable SMN of the topsoil for treatments with varied N applied fertilizer rates split among the pre-planting, emergence, and tuber-initiation stages of the potato. Thereafter, the hybrid-LSTM model was trained on the calibrated DSSAT simulated SMN time-series and fine-tuned its predictions using the observed SMN to improve DSSAT simulated SMN. The hybrid-LSTM model was then tested on both calibrated and uncalibrated DSSAT SMN simulations where it outperformed the DSSAT model (improvement ranged ∼18–30 % on comparing the normalized root mean squared error) in providing reliable estimates of SMN across most of the farms and years. This novel hybrid modeling approach could guide stakeholders and farmers to build sustainable N management with improved crop NUE and yield and help in minimizing environmental losses.

Optimal nitrogen management for high yield and N use efficiency of ratoon sorghum

Sorghum ratooning, a time and labor-saving cultivation practice, is increasingly being adopted by farmers in Southwest China as an alternative. Efficient N fertilizer management is critical for economical production of sorghum and the long-term protection of the environment. To investigate the impact of N management on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiencies (NUEs) of ratoon sorghum system, a three-year field experiment was conducted for Jinyunuo3 (a hybrid cultivar) and Guojiaohong1 (an inbred cultivar) using 12 combinations of N rates and splitting ratios. The results showed that increasing N rate and splitting application times led to improvements in various growth parameters such as dry matter weight, crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area index (LAI), and photosynthetic potential (PP). The main, ratoon, and annual yields increased with N rate increase, but there was no significant difference between 225 and 150 kg N ha−1 in the ratoon and annual yields. Splitting the application of N fertilizer enhanced grain yield compared to a single dose application method, especially three-split applications yielded higher than two-split applications. Compared with N rates of 225 and 150 kg ha−1, N rate of 75 kg ha−1 increased apparent recovery rate of applied nitrogen (REN), agronomic efficiency of applied nitrogen (AEN), and partial factor productivity from applied nitrogen (PFPN) in both main season and whole year. But through splitting application methods at high N rates could achieve similar or even higher levels of NUEs compared to all applied as basal fertilizer at low N rates. Therefore, it could be recommended that applying 150 kg N ha−1 with a basal-jointing-heading fertilizer ratio of 2:4:4 represented an efficient N management practice to synchronously obtain high grain yield and NUEs in ratoon sorghum system in Southwest China.

Photoidentification as a potential tool for individual recognition of Dendropsophus elegans (Anura: Hylidae)

Marking-recapture techniques are essential in the study of wild animal populations, and the use of accessible, easy to apply, and less invasive methods is preferable. Several studies have reported negative effects of more invasive or inaccurate techniques when studying animal behaviour and survival, which raised the alert for the encouragement of affordable and less invasive techniques, such as photoidentification using natural markings. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of the promising use of photoidentification with the application of visible elastomers in the field, verifying application time and presence of stress behaviours in the model anuran species Dendropsophus elegans (Wied-Neuwied, 1824), which has an evident dorsal spotting pattern. In addition, we checked the subsequent performance of individual recognition by software-assisted photoidentification, code recognition of visible elastomers, and manual photoidentification, considering accuracy (error types) and recognition time. We found that software photoidentification had a similar performance to the manual one and elastomer combination for identifying recaptures, but its execution time was the shortest among the three and it was more accurate. There was no association between the presence of stress behaviours and any technique applied in the field. These results suggest that software-assisted photoidentification combined with a field protocol may be an efficient technique in the study of this species, and its applicability may be extended to other species with natural markings.

Duration, not timing during the photoperiod, of far-red application determines the yield increase in tomato

Supplementary far-red light may increase fruit yield in greenhouse tomato cultivation. Apart from end-of-day applications, research has focussed on the effects of far-red light during the entire photoperiod, while few studies focused on the timing of far-red application. In this study, we assessed the impact of timing and duration of far-red application on fruit yield and quality in a high-wire tomato crop. Two commercial tomato cultivars were grown under 226 μmol m−2 s−1 of red and white supplementary LED lighting. Far-red light (63 μmol m−2 s−1) was additionally supplied during either the first or the second half of the photoperiod. These treatments were compared to a negative control, where no far-red light was supplied, and a positive control, where far-red light was supplied during the whole photoperiod. A yield component analysis was conducted to identify the parameters responsible for changes in fruit yield. We determined that fruit yield, total fruit dry weight and fruit production per unit of supplementary PAR light (400–700 nm) increased linearly with the duration of far-red application. Fruit yield was increased to a similar extent whether far-red was supplemented in the first or in the second half of the photoperiod. While different light treatments included 0, 14, or 28 % far-red in their cumulative supplementary photon flux density, there were no significant differences in their fruit production per unit of supplementary radiation (400–800 nm). Supplementary far-red increased fruit dry weight per unit of cultivation area by 23 % to 25 % as a result of increasing both plant dry weight (10 % to 12 %) and dry weight partitioning to the fruits (10 % to 14 %). The increase in fruit yield was less than the corresponding increase in total fruit dry weight due to a simultaneous increase in fruit dry matter content. Total soluble solids and pH of the fruits were hardly affected by far-red application. We concluded that supplementary far-red increased tomato fruit yield without compromising fruit quality, with this increase being determined by the duration of far-red application, not by its timing during the photoperiod.

Usability testing of a novel interlocking three-dimensional miniplate for mandibular angle fractures.

We developed a novel interlocking three-dimensional (3D) miniplate design with an adjustable configuration. As this device is new, surgeons must become familiar with its application. This study evaluated the usability and learning curves associated with the novel interlocking 3D miniplate for mandibular fracture fixation. The study participants, nine plastic surgeons, were asked to apply an interlocking 3D miniplate and a standard miniplate to polyurethane mandible models. The participants had completed the Basic Craniomaxillofacial Osteosynthesis course during residency and had operated on craniomaxillofacial fractures within the past 5 years. They were instructed to place the interlocking 3D miniplate three times and the standard miniplate once. We assessed the time required for implant placement, the comfort level of the surgeons, and the biomechanical stability of the plates. Biomechanical testing was conducted by subjecting the mandible to forces ranging from 10 to 90 N and the displacement was measured. The results indicate increasing comfort with each attempt at placing the interlocking 3D miniplate, with a significant difference between the first and third attempts. Additionally, a reduction in application time was noted with repeated attempts, suggesting improved efficiency. Biomechanical tests showed comparable stability between the tested plates. Multiple attempts at applying the interlocking 3D miniplate resulted in increased comfort and reduced application time. These findings indicate that, despite its novelty, the interlocking 3D miniplate is relatively straightforward to apply and has a short learning curve. However, surgeons must have specific qualifications to ensure proper training and minimize errors during placement.

Applying Different Conditions in the OphthalMimic Device Using Polymeric and Hydrogel-Based Hybrid Membranes to Evaluate Gels and Nanostructured Ophthalmic Formulations.

The OphthalMimic is a 3D-printed device that simulates human ocular conditions with artificial lacrimal flow, cul-de-sac area, moving eyelid, and a surface to interact with ophthalmic formulations. All tests with such a device have used a continuous artificial tear flow rate of 1 mL/min for 5 min. Here, we implemented protocol variations regarding the application time and simulated tear flow to increase the test's discrimination and achieve reliable performance results. The new protocols incorporated the previously evaluated 0.2% fluconazole formulations containing or not chitosan as a mucoadhesive component (PLX16CS10 and PLX16, respectively) and novel moxifloxacin 5% formulations, either in a conventional formulation and a microemulsion (CONTROL and NEMOX, respectively). The flow rate was reduced by 50%, and a pre-flow application period was also included to allow formulation interaction with the membrane. The OphthalMimic model was used with both polymeric and hydrogel-based hybrid membranes, including a simulated eyelid. Lowering the flow made it feasible to prolong the testing duration, enhancing device discrimination potential. The hydrogel membrane was adequate for testing nanostructure formulations. The OphthalMimic device demonstrated once again to be a versatile method for evaluating the performance of ophthalmic drug formulations with the potential of reducing the use of animals for experimentation.

An affordable, field-deployable detecting system for cyanide ion – Investigating applications in real time uses

A highly efficient system that incorporates the instantaneous visualization of the cyanide ion in water was synthesized by keeping the fluorophore system (electron donor) as a julolidine-coumarin conjugate and changing the electron acceptor unit. The probes exhibit a notable color change in normal and UV light. The probe interaction modalities are based on the ICT process. With a detection limit in the nM range, it may preferentially react with cyanide, which is less than the tolerable level of 1.9 μM. According to 1H NMR data, the probes detect cyanide ions by nucleophilic addition reaction mechanism. Furthermore, current probe successfully determines real resources, including cyanide containing cassava powder, sprouted potatoes and various water samples. Besides the test strips, an electronic Arduino device was also employed to detect the cyanide ion. As such, the developed probes exhibit outstanding practical application with respect to the cyanide ion.

Connected smart elevator systems for smart power and time saving

Smart elevators provide substantial promise for time and energy management applications by utilizing cutting edge artificial intelligence and image processing technology. In order to improve operating efficiency, this project designs an elevator system that uses the YOLO model for object detection. Compared to traditional methods, our results show a 15% improvement in wait times and a 20% reduction in energy use. Due to the elevator’s increased accuracy and dependability, users’ qualitative feedback shows a high degree of pleasure. These results imply that intelligent elevator systems can make a significant contribution to more intelligent building management. Due to the elevator’s increased accuracy and dependability, users’ qualitative feedback shows a high degree of pleasure. These results imply that intelligent elevator systems can make a significant contribution to more intelligent building management. The successful integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and image processing technologies in elevator systems presents a promising foundation for future research and development. Further advancements in object detection algorithms, such as refining YOLO models for even higher accuracy and real-time adaptability, hold potential to enhance operational efficiency. Integrating smart elevators more deeply into IoT networks and building management systems could enable comprehensive energy management strategies and real-time decision-making. Predictive maintenance models tailored to elevator components could minimize downtime and optimize service schedules, enhancing overall reliability. Additionally, exploring adaptive user interfaces and personalized scheduling algorithms could further elevate user satisfaction by tailoring elevator interactions to individual preferences. Sustainable practices, including energy-efficient designs and integration of renewable energy sources, represent crucial avenues for reducing environmental impact. Addressing security concerns through advanced encryption and access control mechanisms will be essential for safeguarding sensitive data in smart elevator systems.

Expert consensus on the clinical application of aromatase inhibitors to improve adolescent height

Aromatase inhibitors have been widely used to improve height in the world and China. However, due to their off-label use and relatively short application time, there is a lack of consistent understanding and expert consensus on the indications, efficacy, and side effects of the drugs at home and abroad. Therefore, the Growth and Development and Gonadal Diseases Committee of Chinese Aging Well Association and the Adolescent Medicine and Health Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized 28 domestic experts in growth and development, based on the clinical evidence level classification and recommendation level of the Oxford University Evidence-Based Medicine Center to establish some preliminary recommendations on the efficacy, adverse reactions, precautions, dosage, and course of use of aromatase inhibitors in treating children with short stature and improving their year-end height. Combined with the Delphi method evaluation, 14 recommendations were finally formulated to standardized the clinical application of aromatase inhibitors in improving adolescent height.

Simulation‐Training‐Based Deep Learning Approach to Microscopic Ghost Imaging

Herein, deep learning‐ghost imaging (DLGI) based on a digital micromirror device is realized to avoid the difficulties of a charge‐coupled device (CCD) scientific camera being unable to obtain the sample images in extremely weak illumination conditions and to solve the problem of the inverse relationship between imaging quality and imaging time in practical applications. Deep learning for computational ghost imaging typically requires the collection of a large set of labeled experimental data to train a neural network. Herein, we demonstrate that a practically usable neural network can be prepared based on the simulation results. The acquisition results of the CCD scientific camera and the simulation results with low sampling are used as the training set (1000 observations) and we can complete the data acquisition process within one hour. The results show that the proposed DLGI method can be used to significantly improve the quality of the reconstructed images when the sampling rate is 60%. This method also reduces the imaging time and the memory usage, while simultaneously improving the imaging quality. The imaging results of the proposed DLGI method have great significance for application in clinical diagnosis.