Talk Time Research Articles

Statistics of very high frequency sound scattered from wind-driven waves

The amplitude, Doppler spread, and temporal coherence of VHF scattering is important for the performance of high frequency sonars and underwater communications systems in operating scenarios where energy from the sea surface cannot be screened. For this talk, the amplitude and arrival time statistics of very high frequency (50 kHz–2000 kHz) sound scattered from a rough wind-driven wave surface are modeled. Saturation occurs in the normalized second moment of acoustic intensity when the surface correlation length exceeds a Fresnel zone length. Fluctuations in arrival time do not saturate and increase proportionally to the dominant surface wave component. Data collected at 300 kHz agree with the model results. Energy is first detected in the wind-driven surface wave field at wavelengths of 1.7 cm and 3.4 cm. The former wave corresponds to a gravity-capillary wave whose phase speed is at a minimum. The principal appearance of this type of wave has threshold implications for the range of acoustic transmission frequencies susceptible to saturation in amplitude statistics.

Flerstemt forskningssamarbeid innen psykisk helse: erfaringer fra Storbritannia og Norge

Involving people with lived experiences of mental distress in research is on the agenda in many countries. In this paper we discuss the situation in Great Britain and Norway. We offer some concrete examples of user involved research and discuss similarities and differences, opportunities and challenges in our two countries. User involved research encompass a culture-change in the research communities, and challenge the dominant knowledgebase and traditional discourses. Those who have in-depth knowledge of the topic in focus and the phenomena to be explored participate in the whole research process. There are various ways of collaborative working and the funding is often limited. Providing sufficient time and resources for democratic planning and talking through roles and expectations is important.

Talking Time, Seeing Time: The Importance of Attending to Time in Financial Mathematics

Through analysing a critical incident where a small group of pre-service secondary mathematics teachers work together on an annuities problem, we gain insight into the ways in which students make use of timelines and attend to time in their talk. Drawing on Lave and Wenger's notion of transparency, I argue that it was only when time became visible for the students, that they were able to resolve the impasse they had reached in working with the timeline. I propose the notion of pre-visible to describe the ways in which a newcomer makes use of a resource in an intuitive way when s/he still lacks awareness of how the resource is typically used in the practice. I discuss five issues pertaining to the use of timelines in working with annuities: the changing role of the timeline; attending to discrete points in time vs intervals; explicit attention to time on the timeline; explicit attention to time in students’ talk; and potential problems associated with the use of month-names on a timeline. I make recommendations for teaching based on these findings.

Vikram, the Vampire, and the Story

Vikram, the Vampire, and the Story Intizar Husain Translated by Frances W. Pritchett (bio) The future of the short story is dark because there are fewer and fewer trees in the world, and more and more people. In a world containing only people, there is room for journalism to grow, but not for poems and stories. Journalism and oratory are merely the human world’s means of expression. However, poems and stories are expressions that are born from the interaction of the human and the non-human worlds. Story was born in a time when there were more trees on this Earth, and fewer humans. When night fell, there was a handful of men and women around a fire, and beyond them only darkness and more darkness—and trees and more trees. Certain parts of the natural world can be replaced by others. Forest can be replaced by desert, and desert by high mountains or by the shore of the noisy sea. But sky-high buildings cannot replace sky-high mountains or tall forest trees. Meditation—the training of the imagination and creative action—can live in the shade of banyans, in mountain caves, in the expanses of the desert. But nothing can live within the walls of factories. Today, there is no escaping sky-high buildings, noisy factories, and row upon row of houses and apartments. The “mass man” that Jose Ortega y Gasset characterised forty years ago in the context of twentieth-century Europe is now, with the rise of industrial development, spreading in our South Asian cities also. Traffic is so great that trees are continually being cut down and roads expanded. Buses are full of people, and motorcycles and taxis are so loud that normal speech is inaudible. But even so, there are not enough vehicles to carry everyone. The problem with housing is the same. There are many houses, but more people who need them, even though new residential areas are constantly being developed. Where yesterday there was a forest, today there is a forest of houses and apartments. And yet there are not enough. An empty house is a relic of the past. Houses that remained empty for years—so that even their locks grew rusty—no longer exist. Such mysterious houses nourished the imagination and gave birth to stories. Nurturing the imagination was partly the responsibility of vacant, mysterious houses. Dense old trees, birds, and other animals were also responsible. All these were active in the life of the society. Love of humanity, no doubt—but love of humanity was not the only concern of Tulsi, Kabir, and Nasir Kazmi. Their poetry also arose from the mysterious relationship between the human and the non-human, which was the very foundation of the flourishing societies of those days. [End Page 241] But now, with our sky-high buildings, noisy factories, and massive machines, we are entering a new age of barbarism. Thanks to this barbarism, which only seems to be civilisation, the breadth of our experience is shrinking while the metropolis of facts and information is spreading. Man’s relationship with the non-human world is breaking down, and we are becoming industrialised creatures. Today the classic collection Twenty-Five Tales of a Vampire could not be written. Why not? The Vampire says to King Vikram, “It’s good to pass the time in talking of good things while travelling. So, Raja, listen to the stories I’ll tell you. But if you speak on our journey, I’ll go back to where you found me and you’ll have to start all over.” These days, we speak a great deal. Speeches, newspaper statements, conferences, discussions—our thoroughfares are full of noise. While travelling on them, conversations between a human—such as King Vikram—and a non-human are no longer possible. In the midst of constant noise, we have become hard of hearing. There are some voices that we can no longer even hear. When Raja Vikramajit spoke on the journey and the Vampire went back and hung upside down in his tree, social realism replaced storytelling. Social reform, political conditions, revolution, ideologies—these are Raja Vikram creations; or, in the words of...

French lay people's and health professionals' views regarding the acceptability of involuntary treatment of nursing home residents

ObjectivesWe examined the views of lay people and health professionals in France about involuntary treatment of residents in nursing homes. MethodParticipants (101 lay people, 20 nurses, 20 psychologists, and 10 physicians) were presented with a series of stories created by varying the levels of five factors: type of behavioral problem encountered (e.g., night-wandering), associated signs of dementia, physician's effort to explain the reason for treatment, resident's attitude (e.g., lasting reluctance), and physician's decision to prescribe psychotropic drugs or not. Participants were asked to judge the acceptability of the decision in each concrete case. ResultsThree qualitatively different positions were found. The largest group (40% of the participants) viewed treatment of residents' behavioral problems as the most important objective. They felt it also important to respect residents' wishes and, therefore, to spend much time in talking with them about treatment. An almost equally large group (39%)—which included 60% of physicians—viewed respect for residents' autonomy as the most important consideration. A smaller group (21%)—including 40% of the psychologists—focused on the importance of taking time to talk with the residents. They also thought that treating patients against their will was unacceptable. Thus they took autonomy one step further than the preceding group. ConclusionIt is important to reduce as much as possible the conflict between the principles of patient autonomy and perceived beneficence when caring for nursing home patients with behavior problems. This can be done by promoting their decision making abilities.

Reduction of electromagnetic radiation from GSM mobile phone on human brain by the use of Bluetooth headset and earphone

Technology is considered to be the mount to climb up and attain the desired degree of development in a society. Man has been trying to facilitate his life through inventions and innovation. He invaded telecommunication system which leads to invention of mobile phones. In recent years, usage of mobile phone increased drastically. Since the mobile phone comes close to the head, concern about adverse effects of mobile phone radiation on the nervous system increased and this badly affects the human brain. This paper discussed on the analysis done to study the reduced effect of electromagnetic radiation on human brain from mobile phone when we used Bluetooth headset and earphone. The experiment was conducted in a laboratory using five volunteers. The mobile phone used is consist of GSM 2G technology. The period of operation is 10 minutes as talking time on the phone. Electroencephalogram is method which is used to monitor and capture the brain signals during the experimental analysis for 10 minutes interval. The result shows that the effects of electromagnetic radiations are reduced more for earphone use than the Bluetooth headset.

치과위생사의 스케일링시 구강보건교육의 의사소통분석

구강보건교육 과정에서 67명의 대상자 중 63명(94%)이 치아모형을 이용하였고, 65명(97%)이 회전법을 교육하였다. 구강관리용품을 권유한 경우는 33명(49.3%)이었다. 전체 치과위생사 중 14명(21%)만이 간단한 인사, 관리의 중요성, 스케일링의 부작용 등의 마무리 과정을 하였다. 평균 교육시간은 161.3초이고, 이중 치과위생사가 말하는 시간의 평균은 155.0초, 환자가 말하는 시간의 평균은 6.3초이다. 교육시간은 1분에서 2분 미만으로 교육한 경우가 가장 많았으며 3분 미만으로 교육한 치과위생사가 전체의 61.2%였다. 환자가 말하는 시간이 없는 교육이 24건(35.8%)으로 가장 많았다. 교육 중 환자의 안부를 묻지 않는 치과위생사는 64명(95.5%)이었고, 환자에게 호칭을 하지 않은 경우는 45명(67.2%)이었다. 치과위생사의 최종학력과 대화빈도에 유의한 결과(p<0.05)가 있었으며, 치과 병 의원 특성과 의사소통의 상관분석 결과 환자수와 스케일링 시간을 제한 두는 것, 총 질문수와 환자가 말하는 시간은 양의 상관관계가 있었다. 총 대화시간과 스케일링 시간을 제한 두는 것, 총 대화시간과 하루 스케일링 환자 수는 음의 상관관계가 있었다. 치과 병의원의 특성과 대화내용의 독립성 검증 결과 스케일링 시간에 제한을 두는 것에 따른 안부 묻기(p<0.05)에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 치과위생사의 특성과 의사소통과정의 관계를 분석한 결과 최종학력과 대화빈도(p<0.05)가 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 본 연구 결과 스케일링 시에 치과위생사의 구강보건교육은 치과위생사가 일방적으로 대화를 이끌어 가며, 환자의 행동 변화를 위한 적극적 대화를 하지 않았다. 또한 치과위생사들은 환자의 구강상태에 따라 교육하기보다는 기계적이며, 일률적으로 교육하고 있다고 판단된다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the actual condition of communication of dental hygienist in oral hygiene instruction during scaling. The research was intended for 67 dental hygienists who worked dental hospitals and clinics. Oral hygiene instruction during scaling was audiotaped. Pearson correlation analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and chi-squared test were conducted. The results gained by the research were as follows. An analysis of 67 dental hygienists has found that 63 dental hygienists (94%) educated the patients with dentiform and 65 of them (97%) did rolling method. Thirty-three of them (49.3%) recommended oral care products to the patients. Only 14 of all educators (21%) said simple greetings and educated importance of care of subjects' teeth, side effect of scaling, when they finished all the scaling stage. The average time of oral hygiene education was 161.3 seconds. In detail, the dental hygienists told 155.0 seconds, the patients did 6.3 seconds on average. The percentage of education time without patients' comments and dialogue each other were 35.8% and 37.3% respectively. The conversation frequency according to the education level of dental hygienist showed significant difference (p<0.05). There was a negative correlation between total education time and patients coming for scaling per day and there was a positive correlation between total number of questions and patient talking time. The result of chi-squared test showed that there was significant difference on asking regards depending on setting a limitation of scaling time (p<0.05). The research showed that the dental hygienists seem to educate the patients mechanically, uniformly rather than educate them according to their oral hygiene condition.

STUDENT – TEACHER INTERACTION: A CASE OF THE SECOND YEAR OF STATE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS IN CEPU

Abstract The purposes of the study are to Dnd out the amount of lan- guage produced by the teacher (Teacher Talking Time) and by the students (Student Talking Time) and to identify the characteristics of the classroom interaction in the Senior High School English classes. The study involved the second year students and the English teachers of SMA N I Cepu and SMA N II Cepu as the object of the study. Observation method is utilized in the study to collect the data. The study is supported by one thousand four hundreds and forty data which are categorized into the ten categories of Flanders (FIAC). In details, the Drst result of the analysis shows that 70.5 % of the classroom available time was taken by the teacher and the stu- dents only took 21.6 % of the available time during the interaction in SMA N I Cepu. Meanwhile, during the interaction in SMA N II Cepu the teacher took 69.6 % of the classroom available time while the students only took 22.2 % of the available time. The second result shows that the dominant characteristic of the classroom interaction in SMA N I Cepu was Teacher Talking Time while the dominant characteristic in SMA N II Cepu was Con- tent Cross. Keywords : Classroom Interaction, Flanders Interaction Analyze Categories (FIAC), Teacher Talking Time, Student Talking Time, The Characteristics of Classroom Interaction

CTL MODEL TO ACTIVATE STUDENTS’ PARTICIPATION IN SPEAKING CLASS AT ENGLISH EDUCATION PROGRAM

In English Education Program Speaking Class starts at Semester I until Semester V. It starts from imitative, intensive, responsive, interactive and extensive speaking. In semester IV the students are expected to be able to communicate in local, national, or even inter- national settings about economic, social, environmental and politic issues.However, speaking skill is not easily obtained. There are some factors that make speaking class is not maximal. It might be caused by class setting, teaching method, teaching materials, students’ knowledge or even students’ interest. Further, getting speaking skills for all students in the classroom is not easy as they often face uneven participation, little talking time as certain students dominate the class. So, it is the lecturer’s role to set the speaking activity that can facilitate both the active speakers and silence speakers. The silence speakers need to practice speaking in low-pressure situation such as in small group before practicing in high-pressure situation like presentation in class.This research aims to describe the way to apply CTL model to activate students’ participation in Speaking Class. Through CTL the lecturer relates the learning materials and students activities that are relevant to their needs in their real life. The reseacher choses issues on economy, social, and environment for the topic of the discussion and she used prolem-solving approach.The population of the research is the fourth semester of English Education Program in the academic year 2013/2014. The total number of population is 210 students which consists of 6 classes. The researcher took 65 students (30%) from class A and B as the sample. The instrument used in the research were classroom observation and questionaire . The data were analyzed through descriptive analysis.Based on the finding and the discussion, the conclusion can be drawn that CTL model is able to activate students’ participation in Speaking Class of the fourth Semester of English Education Program in academic year of 2013/2014.

Family member involvement in audiology appointments with older people with hearing impairment

Objective: This study aimed to investigate family members’ involvement in audiology rehabilitation appointments. Design: Audiology appointments were video-recorded and analysed using quantitative coding and conversation analysis (CA). Study sample: The study sample included 13 audiologists, 17 older adults with hearing impairment, and 17 family members. Results: Initial coding showed that family members participated in 12% of the total talk time during audiology appointments. The CA results demonstrated that family members were not typically invited to join the conversation. However, family members would self-select to speak by: (1) responding to questions from the audiologist which were directed at the client; (2) self-initiating expansions on clients’ turns; and (3) self-initiating questions. When family members did participate in the interaction, audiologists typically responded by shifting the conversation back to the client. Conclusion: While family members currently have minimal participation in audiology appointments, they display a strong interest in being involved and sharing their experiences of the client's hearing impairment. The findings suggest support for implementing family-centred care principles in audiology practice.

Book Review: The Great Indian Phone Book: How the Cheap Cell Phone Changes Business, Politics, and Daily Life, by Assa Doron and Robin Jeffrey

The Great Indian Phone Book: How the Cheap Cell Phone Changes Business, Politics, and Daily Life. Assa Doron and Robin Jeffrey. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2013. 293 pp. $29.95 hbk.In 1994, I traveled to India where telephone connections were difficult at best due to the lack of decent landlines. Out of a population (at the time) of 840 million, there were only 5.1 million telephones because the task of getting lines to people in some 600,000 villages was overwhelming. In 1995, mobile phones were first sold in India. I returned to India twelve years later to find a 180-degree change in how people connected. Nearly everyone-rich or poor-had a cell phone. The first thing my guide made me do is drop by a local Nokia shop in New Delhi to plunk down $75 for a new phone and SIM (Subscriber Identity Mobile) card.India, a country of 1.2 billion people, has 900 million cell phone subscribers. Starting in 1998, when there were about 88 million users, India added 880 million users in less than ten years, a stunning rise. Here was an invention that did not depend on one being literate. Some 57% of the population cannot read or write, but cell phone users only needed an elementary understanding of numbers and keypads to comprehend an instrument that worked by voice instead of printed word. The Great Indian Phone Book tells how the humble mobile phone has been the sole agent that has brought the biggest change to Indian society since Mahatma Gandhi in the 1940s. The reason? It was an immensely disruptive device that empowered the Dalits (aka the untouchables), giving them the knowledge and connections for the first time in the country's history to outwit the upper castes.There is a lot of information in the book about the backstage politicking among government officials and telecom companies scrambling to get large shares of the huge Indian market. By 2010, eight major companies, two of them owned by the government, emerged as the controllers of the cell phone industry. Names like Bharti Airtel, Reliance Telecom, and Vodaphone Essar were at the top of the market. The Gujarati businessman who founded Reliance had a saying: make a phone call cheaper than a post card (about half a rupee) and you will usher in a revolutionary transformation in the lives of millions of Indians (two rupees equals one U.S. cent). A minute of cell phone time went from sixteen rupees in the mid-1990s to one-quarter rupee in 2010 for four minutes of talk time. Plus, the mobile was a lot more private and quicker than the postal service.The book explains how the phone was perfect for the small businessman on which much of the Indian economy rests. Its cities are not built for large box stores, but they do allow for tiny shops where the owners can give individual instruction to first-time users. Most of the time, the local shopkeeper-who already had the trust of the neighborhood-simply added cell phones to his lineup. The cell phone industry opened up new occupations for millions of these new entrepreneurs in a country where there are many overeducated but underemployed young men and women. …

Measuring the Customer Satisfaction Level of 3G Services in Bangladesh

The telecommunication industry of Bangladesh has been observing a dynamic shift from talk time based business to data based business. The intervention of 3G services has opened up newer ways to satisfy the consumers. This study tries to measure the level of customer satisfaction of 3G services in Bangladesh. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors that result in greater customer satisfaction. Findings of previous studies related to this issue are taken into consideration in this article. Fifteen (15) correlated variables are selected from related literatures. Factor analysis has been conducted to reduce the number of total variables. Bartlett’s test of Sphericity has been used along with the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) statistic. Apart from factor analysis, some other frequency tables and various diagrams are also developed to describe the market scenario. SPSS 16.0 has been used to analyze the data collected from primary sources through stratified sampling technique.

Provider interaction with the electronic health record: The effects on patient-centered communication in medical encounters

ObjectiveThe computer with the electronic health record (EHR) is an additional ‘interactant’ in the medical consultation, as clinicians must simultaneously or in alternation engage patient and computer to provide medical care. Few studies have examined how clinicians’ EHR workflow (e.g., gaze, keyboard activity, and silence) influences the quality of their communication, the patient's involvement in the encounter, and conversational control of the visit. MethodsTwenty-three primary care providers (PCPs) from USA Veterans Administration (VA) primary care clinics participated in the study. Up to 6 patients per PCP were recruited. The proportion of time PCPs spent gazing at the computer was captured in real time via video-recording. Mouse click/scrolling activity was captured through Morae, a usability software that logs mouse clicks and scrolling activity. Conversational silence was coded as the proportion of time in the visit when PCP and patient were not talking. After the visit, patients completed patient satisfaction measures. Trained coders independently viewed videos of the interactions and rated the degree to which PCPs were patient-centered (informative, supportive, partnering) and patients were involved in the consultation. Conversational control was measured as the proportion of time the PCP held the floor compared to the patient. ResultsThe final sample included 125 consultations. PCPs who spent more time in the consultation gazing at the computer and whose visits had more conversational silence were rated lower in patient-centeredness. PCPs controlled more of the talk time in the visits that also had longer periods of mutual silence. ConclusionsPCPs were rated as having less effective communication when they spent more time looking at the computer and when there was more periods of silence in the consultation. Because PCPs increasingly are using the EHR in their consultations, more research is needed to determine effective ways that they can verbally engage patients while simultaneously managing data in the EHR. Practice implicationsEHR activity consumes an increasing proportion of clinicians’ time during consultations. To ensure effective communication with their patients, clinicians may benefit from using communication strategies that maintain the flow of conversation when working with the computer, as well as from learning EHR management skills that prevent extended periods of gaze at computer and long periods of silence. Next-generation EHR design must address better usability and clinical workflow integration, including facilitating patient-clinician communication.

Emotional affinity towards cell phones among university students in UAE

Background and objectives: Over the last few decades, cell phones have grown to be an innovative and developing technology in the world. It acts as a tool for communication and emotional interaction among people of various ages. It has become an integral part in our lives making us more dependent. Cell phones have also not failed to lure the young generation. This study aims to investigate the factors that may influence the behaviour of students with regard to cell phone usage, the emotional affinity towards their cell phones and determine the attitude and etiquette followed using cell phones among students. Material and methods: The present study is a cross sectional survey conducted among all the students enrolled in the entry level courses in the Gulf Medical University using a self administered questionnaire, after obtaining an approval from the University Ethics Committee. Data collected was entered in Excel worksheet and analysed using SPSS 20 version. Results and conclusion: The study showed differences between age groups, gender, nationality and number of cell phones used in the reasons for possessing cell phones, emotional affinity, dependence and attitude towards them. These were generally not significant except for fights with parents over talk time and phone bills that were significantly * Corresponding author. Tel.: +0-000-000-0000 ; fax: +0-000-000-0000 . http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2014.05.3 The European Proceedings of Social & Behavioural Sciences eISSN: 2357-1330 European Proceedings of Social & Behavioural Sciences eISSN: 2357-1330 6-19 7 higher amongst Middle Eastern students and fights over poor academic performance were more in ≤ 18 years age. Differences in the responses received for the etiquettes observed by cell phone users were not significant, except for the avoidance of intimate conversations in public which was more observed by those in age group ≤18 years. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Cognitive – crcs under responsibility of the Author(s).

A novel analytical strategy for patient–physician communication research: The one-with-many design

ObjectiveWe aimed to demonstrate how a novel analytic strategy – the one-with-many (OWM) design – can provide unique information about patient–physician communication that cannot be obtained using traditional analytic strategies. MethodsUsing an OWM design we conducted a secondary analysis of behavioral (talk time) and self-reported (perceived teamness) data from a study of patient–physician communication, and examined variance decompositions of these variables. ResultsTalk time was largely relational, suggesting that there is no behavioral consistency on the part of physicians across patients or behavioral similarity among patients who see the same physician. In contrast, there was significant actor variance in perceived teamness, suggesting that some physicians consistently reported higher teamness with their patients than others. However, those physicians’ positive perceptions of the communication are not necessarily reciprocated by their patients. ConclusionsOWM design provides researchers with the opportunity to take full advantage of rich non-independent data and explore interesting communication patterns (e.g., behavioral continuity, similarity, reciprocity unique to specific dyads) that have been omitted in prior literature. Practical implicationsOWM can be used to determine the relative differences in how patients and physicians influence communication patterns and identify which aspects of physician–patient communication are relational and which are not.

Evaluation of selected biochemical parameters in the saliva of young males using mobile phones

The biochemical status in the saliva of 12 males before/after using mobile phone has been evaluated. Radio frequency signals of 1800 MHz (continuous wave transmission, 217 Hz modulate and Global System for Mobile Communications [GSM – non-DTX]) with 1.09 w/kg specific absorption rate (SAR) value were used for 15 and 30 min. Cell phone radiation induced a significant increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD); there was a statistically significant effect of talking time on the levels of SOD, F(2, 33) = 8.084, p < 0.05, ω = 0.53. The trend analysis suggests a significant quadratic trend, F(1, 33) = 4.891, p < 0.05; indicating that after 15 min of talking the levels of SOD increased, but as talking time increased the SOD activity started to drop. In contrast to this, there was no statistically significant effect of talking time on the level of salivary albumin, cytochrome c, catalase or uric acid. Results suggest that exposure to electromagnetic radiation may exert an oxidative stress on human cells as evidenced by the increase in the concentration of the superoxide radical anion released in the saliva of cell phone users.

Sexuality Talk During Adolescent Health Maintenance Visits

Physicians may be important sources of sexuality information and preventive services, and one-on-one confidential time during health maintenance visits is recommended to allow discussions of sexual development, behavior, and risk reduction. However, little is known about the occurrence and characteristics of physician-adolescent discussions about sexuality. To examine predictors of time spent discussing sexuality, level of adolescent participation, and physician and patient characteristics associated with sexuality discussions during health maintenance visits by early and middle adolescents. Observational study of audio-recorded conversations between 253 adolescents (mean age, 14.3 years; 53% female; 40% white; 47% African American) and 49 physicians (82% pediatricians; 84% white; 65% female; mean age, 40.9 years; mean [SD] duration in practice, 11.8 [8.7] years) coded for sexuality content at 11 clinics (3 academic and 8 community-based practices) located throughout the Raleigh/Durham, North Carolina, area. Total time per visit during which sexuality issues were discussed. RESULTS One hundred sixty-five (65%) of all visits had some sexual content within it. The average time of sexuality talk was 36 seconds (35% 0 seconds; 30% 1-35 seconds; and 35% ≥ 36 seconds). Ordinal logistic regression (outcome of duration: 0, 1-35, or ≥ 36 seconds), adjusted for clustering of patients within physicians, found that female patients (odds ratio [OR] = 2.58; 95% CI, 1.53-4.36), older patients (OR = 1.37; 95% CI, 1.13-1.65), conversations with explicit confidentiality discussions (OR = 4.33; 95% CI, 2.58-7.28), African American adolescents (OR = 1.58; 95% CI, 1.01-2.48), and longer overall visit (OR = 1.07; 95% CI, 1.03-1.11) were associated with more sexuality talk, and Asian physicians were associated with less sexuality talk (OR = 0.13; 95% CI, 0.08-0.20). In addition, the same significant associations between adolescent, physician, and visit characteristics were significantly associated with greater adolescent participation. Our study may be the first to directly observe sexuality talk between physicians and adolescents. We found that one-third of all adolescents had annual visits without any mention of sexuality issues; when sexuality talk occurred, it was brief. Research is needed to identify successful strategies physicians can use to engage adolescents in discussions about sexuality to help promote healthy sexual development and decision making. clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01040975.

School Matters: Banish the Mid-Year Blahs

School Matters: Banish the Mid-Year Blahs

Examining Lesson Plan Use Among Instrumental Music Education Majors During Practice Teaching

Undergraduate instrumental music education majors ( N = 18) taught a series of 5-minute lessons to an ensemble of their peers. Investigators compared participants’ written lesson plans with activities demonstrated during teaching, and calculated frequencies and durations of teacher episodes, student episodes, and overall rates of pacing. Results suggest that although written plans tended to contain vague and nonspecific language, participants relied on their lesson plans during teaching in terms of general content. Analysis of teacher time use indicated that participants were able to significantly reduce teacher talk time and reduce latency time at the beginning of lessons. Findings are similar to previous research in some areas of time use but contrast with results of previous research in relation to participants’ reliance on lesson plans during teaching. The authors use these results to recommend deeper investigation into the nature of transfer of learned lesson-planning skills across various teaching contexts.

It's Time for a Talk About Measuring Cost and Corrections

It's Time for a Talk About Measuring Cost and Corrections