Tier Architecture Research Articles

Library Management System

- There are books of every sort available at libraries. Web-based software called Intranet Library Management System is used. This system has a list of all the books and allows remote users to view it simultaneously from wherever on campus. However, users need to be signed up for that. Two tiers of architecture make up this system. Students submit requests, which the server receives, processes, extracts data from the database, and then returns the completed request back to the client. This system offers a unique interface and login for students and librarians. Students may look for books online and renew their books. The librarian can change the database. They may simply send messages to the librarian from any location within the campus to propose new books. They may examine the due dates and issuance and return dates for any books. This system produces reports that may be used to evaluate the performance of the library. The management can then take the necessary action to upgrade the facilities. Keywords : Library Management System, Two Tier architecture

Poultry Farm Management Application

The poultry farming industry plays a vital role in meeting the global demand for poultry products. However, traditional farm management practices often face challenges related to data management, resource optimization, and operational efficiency. In response to these challenges, this paper presents the Poultry Farm Management System (PFMS), a web-based application designed to modernize and streamline poultry farm management. PFMS utilizes the Model-View-Controller-Service (MVCS) architecture and a three-tier architectural framework, integrating technologies such as Go (Golang), MongoDB, and React. This paper outlines the methodology, system architecture, software modules, development process, database design, user interface design, implementation details, testing, deployment, security measures, and user training. It also discusses the results, cost- benefit analysis, potential enhancements, and the significant benefits PFMS brings to the poultry farming industry. Key Words: MVCS architecture, three tier architecture, schema design, efficiency, performance

Novel private cloud architecture: A three tier approach to deploy private cloud using virtual machine manager

In Present days, one of the most appealing technologies is cloud computing in the current time. Now a day, different organizations are offering various cloud services concerning their platforms. These organizations are profitable in cost-efficiency to the end-users in various factors that include process, storage, and applications instance. Most of the end-users choose the services from the cloud service provider, whereas some medium-scale organizations are also depending on the service providers even though they have enough resources. This causes the problem due to a lack of knowledge on design and deployment issues. In this paper, we proposed a private cloud that offers cloud services with limited resources so that small and medium scale organizations can be benefited. In this work, we proposed a novel three tier architecture that contains Domain Controller (DC), Virtual Machine Manager (VMM), and Member Servers (MSs) at a different level of functioning and also have their responsibilities. In this Novel three tier architecture was designed in a hierarchal fashion in which the upper layer accesses the lower layer users. The top layer, which deals with the domain controller whose responsibility, is to control the domain-specific issues like adding the member in the network, granting permissions, creating network groups, etc. The middle layer has various administrative users like Virtual Machine Manager (VMM), Storage Area Network (SAN), Disaster Recovery (D/R), and Operational Manager (SCOM), which deals with their responsibilities in cloud services. In the bottom layer, the physical servers exist and are configured by DC and get access by the middle layer users. This architecture was tested with various applications with different instances concerning storage and process utilities.

Implementation of Two Tier Architecture in the Design and Development of Bumdes Administrative Data at the Kelindang Village Office, Bengkulu Tengah

The Kelindang Bengkulu Tengah Village Office is one of the villages located in Merigi Kelindang District, Central Bengkulu Regency. So far, the data management process for Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) has used office application packages, namely Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel. However, not all administrative data processing processes use office application packages, one of which is the 3kg LPG base distribution administration. The Bumdes administration data application at the Kelindang Bengkulu Tengah Village Office is used to make it easier for the village office to process BUMDES administration data, especially regarding the supply and distribution of 3kg LPG Gas to residents within the scope of the Village of Kelindang Bengkulu Tengah. In the data processing process, a network-based two-tier architecture with a WLAN connection has been implemented, to simplify and speed up data input, because many laptops connected to the WLAN can access it. The devices used are 3 units of laptops, namely 1 laptop for the server and 2 laptops for the client. The Bumdes administrative data application at the Kelindang Village Office in Bengkulu Tengah was made using the Visual Basic .Net programming language and SQL Server 2008r2 Database. Based on the tests that have been carried out, the functionality of the Bumdes administrative data application at the Kelindang Village Office in Central Bengkulu is running well and as expected

Thermal-aware directional and adaptive routing algorithm for 3D network-on-chip

Due to the tier architecture <span lang="EN-US">of 3D network-on-chip (3D-NoC), reducing the thermal hotspot within the chip is challenging as a cooling mechanism that lies merely on the single side of a chip. High power density in 3D NoC is responsible for reliability degradation and thermal difficulties. Thermal-aware routing becomes substantial to handle thermal difficulties and diffusion of heat to the cooler regions. Thermal-aware routing focuses on bypassing hotspot areas by selecting cooler areas. Existing thermal-aware routing algorithms adopt slightly cooler but longer and extended paths, due to lack of ability to know the proximity of the destination's location, which aggravate thermal issues. This work presents a novel thermal-aware directional and adaptive routing algorithm. Objective of the proposed algorithm is to strive to find the best possible neighbour to reach closer to the proximity of the destination. The proposed algorithm can adaptively choose any suitable neighbour that can lead packets closer to the destination at each intermediate node. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated and compared with existing thermal-aware routing algorithm in a simulator environment. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method outperformed its counterpart in terms of average delay with 11-26% improvement, total hop counts with 8-24% reduction under various traffic conditions and improvement in overall thermal profiling of the chip.</span>

Advanced Hospital Management System

Abstract: Advanced Hospital Management System provides the benefits of streamlined operations, enhanced administration & control, superior patient care, strict cost control and improved profitability. IHMS is powerful, flexible, and easy to use and is designed and developed to deliver real conceivable benefits to hospitals. More importantly it is backed by reliable and dependable support. The project 'Advanced Hospital Management System' is based on the database, object oriented and networking techniques. As there are many areas where we keep the records in database for which we are using MY SQL software which is one of the best and the easiest software to keep our information. This project uses JAVA as the front-end software which is an Object-Oriented Programming and has connectivity with MY SQL. Advanced Hospital Management System is custom built to meet the specific requirement of the mid and large size hospitals across the globe. All the required modules and features have been particularly built to just fit in to your requirement This package has been widely accepted by the clients in India and overseas. Not stopping only to this but they are highly satisfied and appreciating. Entire application is web based and built on 3 tier architecture using the latest technologies. The sound database of the application makes it more users friendly and expandable. The package is highly customizable and can be modified as per the needs and requirements of our clients. Prolonged study of the functionalities of the hospital and its specific requirement has given it a wonderful shape both technically and usability wise. It covers all the required modules right from Patient Registration, Medicine details, Doctor, Wards, , Admin, Store, Patient appointment, bill payment, record modification, discharge details etc.

FTS: File Tracking System for Railway Board

Abstract: The aim of this paper proposes a project based implementation File Tracking System (FTS) used in private and mostly in government sector. This project is built on Railway System using three tier architecture. This application is used to prevent corruption. There are a large number of departments in the Railway Department where file transfer is done from one department to another. The number of files moving within the specific time duration, file allocated to any employee and whether the file has been forwarded or not. Sometimes if someone has to do corruption then they does not send that file forward, seeing all this problem we have developed File Tracking System (FTS), which track the movements of the file within the organization. This application will keep track the movement of files from one desk to another inside the department.

A Python-WSGI and PHP-Apache Web Server Performance Analysis by Search Page Generator (SPG)

The web servers (WSGI-Python) and (PHP-Apache) are in middleware tier architecture. Middleware architecture is between frontend tier and backend tier, otherwise it’s a connection between frontend tier and backend tier for three tier architecture. The ELearning systems are designed by two different dynamic web technologies. First is by Python-WSGI and the second is by Personal Home Page (PHP-Apache). The two websites were designed with different open source and cross platform web technologies programming language namely; Python and PHP in the same structure and weight will evaluate perform over two different operating systems (OSs): 1) Windows-16 and 2) Linux-Ubuntu 20.4. Both systems run over the same computer architecture (64bit) as a server side with a common backend MySQL web database for both of them. Nevertheless, the middleware for PHP is a cross Apache MySQL PHP Perl (XAMPP), but the middleware for Python is Pycharm and the web server gateway interface (WSGI). WSGI and Apache are both web servers and this paper will show which of them has a better response time (RT). On the one hand, the experimental results demonstrate that the Python-WSGI is even weightier in Mbyte than PHP-Apache, on the other hand Python is still faster and more accurate than PHP. The designed SPG is by handwriting codes: one time designed the SPG by PHP source code and the other time designed by Python source code. Both Python-WSGI and PHP-Apache results are targeted to compare by the least time in milliseconds and take in to account enhanced performance.

Motifs enable communication efficiency and fault-tolerance in transcriptional networks

Analysis of the topology of transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs) is an effective way to study the regulatory interactions between the transcription factors (TFs) and the target genes. TRNs are characterized by the abundance of motifs such as feed forward loops (FFLs), which contribute to their structural and functional properties. In this paper, we focus on the role of motifs (specifically, FFLs) in signal propagation in TRNs and the organization of the TRN topology with FFLs as building blocks. To this end, we classify nodes participating in FFLs (termed motif central nodes) into three distinct roles (namely, roles A, B and C), and contrast them with TRN nodes having high connectivity on the basis of their potential for information dissemination, using metrics such as network efficiency, path enumeration, epidemic models and standard graph centrality measures. We also present the notion of a three tier architecture and how it can help study the structural properties of TRN based on connectivity and clustering tendency of motif central nodes. Finally, we motivate the potential implication of the structural properties of motif centrality in design of efficient protocols of information routing in communication networks as well as their functional properties in global regulation and stress response to study specific disease conditions and identification of drug targets.

A three tier system architecture design for factors affecting students' performance analysis in the Western region in Jeddah Universities

Objectives: To study different factors influencing the academic performance of students at Jeddah University in Saudi Arabia. Method: The study sample included 164 participants from university of Jeddah, composed of 127 females and 37 males. A survey was conducted by using a questionnaire containing the different factors that could affect academic performance of university students. The questionnaire data were collected and analyzed by using SPSS version 25 statistical program. Descriptive and correlation analysis was made. Three-tier architecture is developed to enable us to make better decisions faster by analyzing data, shared data sources that are centralized and can be stored on different types of servers. Findings: A significant correlation between gender (female) and students `scores with Spearman correlation coefficient (r) value of 0.33. A significant correlation was noted between friendship/peer relation and students\' scores with (r) value of 0.80. Family education, family relation and friendship/peer relation play an important role in Saudi student academic performance indicating that student culture and environment affect academic performance significantly. Novelty: The multitier architecture on which presentation, application processing and data management functions are physically separated: ; we are able to update and use a large data without any application update. Keywords: Three tier architecture; academic performance; student; gender; Saudi Arabia; Family education; family relation

Real Time Monitoring of Environmental Parameters Using IOT

A novel system to monitor environmental parameters using multilevel IOT architecture is proposed. The proposed system will monitor the changes of environmental parameters in Hyderabad region. The proposed instrumentation operates in II tier architecture in IOT. The Proposed System consists of different sensors grouped into 5 sensor nodes which are invoked by switches in the gateway or from the webpage. The sensors acquire the data and sent to a slave controller (PIC). In turn the slave controller sends the acquired data to Master controller (Raspberry pi). The Master acts as a Gateway between sensor nodes and the cloud. The data is pushed by Master onto the cloud and displayed as webpage using HTTP. The data is also received in the form of SMS through GSM. Using the proposed system few experiments were conducted on different environment and altitude. The obtained results were compared with a standard weather data. It was found that the acquired data from the system was very closer to standard weather data obtained from internet. The experiments were conducted for 15 days in June 2018 and changes in climatic conditions of Hyderabad region were studied and information was handed over to local farmers in terms of indicators which can be used as an assist to decide which crop (cotton, jowar, redgram) has to be cultivated/reaped.

Deployment of Web Application in LAN based 3 Tier Architecture

In the Client-Server architecture, any of web and desktop application that can be deployed with the help of 3-tier application architecture. It is consist of a presentation layer, an application layer and a data layer. All there layers does play vital role in the 3-tier architecture for performing variety of operations including business logic, storage of data and handling request. In this paper, we presented deployment process of any web application in the local area network where database and application is located on the remote or web server. Other clients only access the application via specific IP address and valid credentials. The entire request transmitted through the client application and send to the web server. Web server does provide resulted data to the requested client via the web application. We identified several loopholes from the 3-tier architecture adoption perspective and we highlighted the web application deployment interoperability issue that deserves substantial further research and development. In this paper, we investigate several tools and techniques including web server, database server and front-end tools for the successful deployment of the web application in the LAN based 3-tier architecture.

A novel four-tier architecture for delay aware scheduling and load balancing in fog environment

Fog computing paradigm is located between IoT devices and cloud paradigm that aim is to minimize the latency in terms of task scheduling and load balancing. To deal with the huge amount of data sensing from different IoT devices, in this paper we propose a four tiers architecture for delay aware scheduling and Load Balancing in the fog environment. Tier-1 is the bottom tier which consists of IoT devices. In the second tier, the applications (workloads) are categorized into two categories: High Priority (HP) and Low Priority (LP) by router based on the Dual Fuzzy Logic Algorithm. Fuzzifier considers four input metrics: task size, arrival time, minimum execution time and maximum completion time. A task with high priority is transmitted to the third tier (fog tier). In the third tier, a novel fog structure has been invoked namely Artificial Fractals consists of nodes. The fog nodes are clustered using K-means++ clustering algorithm. Each fog node is carried out several actions such as scheduling, monitoring, and communication. To schedule tasks within the fog node, we propose the Earliest Deadline First (EDF) task scheduling algorithm. The current usage of fog node is determined by Artificial Neural Network (ANN). If an IoT device does not get the required resource then the request is forwarded to the cloud tier. Our proposed work has been validated over a real-time VSOT (Video Surveillance/Object Tracking) application using iFogSim and the performance is evaluated in terms of response time, scheduling time, load balancing rate, delay, and energy consumption.

Effective Key Distribution Scheme using Paillier Cryptosystem in Wireless Sensor Networks

Main problem is when setting up Wireless(W)-Sensor(S)-Network(N) intended for node communication arises for security. Discussed here is a three-tier architecture with two polynomial pools containing wireless routers, key generation center and few access points which are also sensor nodes that can be mobile devices that intend to get better security. The crucial feature of three tier architecture authentication, where communication between WN to access(A) point(P) is established from AP to the sensor node, resulted by pair(P)wise(W) key(K) pre-distribution (PD) methodology and the nodes are authenticated utilizing polynomial keys and Paillier cryptosystem algorithm. Presently, the WN attacks the duplication, such as seeing the nodes in the network. In the event that a nasty node is found and if you want to send packets within the network, you need to store many of keys from both pools for validation. But because there are no sufficient keys available and therefore can't communicate with other nodes in the network. This paper describes an effective contrivance for accomplishing security between node communications by formulating three-level security architecture.

Performance Measurement for Distributed Systems using 2TA and 3TA based on OPNET Principles

This paper presents a comparative study of two designs and analysis: Two Tier Architecture (2TA) and Three Tier Architecture (3TA). By using Optimized Network Engineering Tool (OPNET) modeler network-efficiency is done evaluation. OPNET, a professional simulation tool, is relied on to check the system with many clients from networks for both 2TA and 3TA. The outcomes demonstrate that 3TA is more capable than 2TA in term of data assessment is done utilizing OPNET modeler, which gives a convenient and easy-to-utilize platform for simulating extensive criterion networks. So, it will give more achievement when extended with many clients from networks with eight or sixteen clients. The models are utilized to study how the performance of the network is influenced by the different design decisions that are made to upgrade the system. This paper likewise examines ways in which the OPNET modules have been produced so that students could learn computer network concepts, and not exactly how to use OPNET software.

Online Job and Candidate Recommendation System

To develop an enhanced web application, using web services for both online job and candidate recommendation system. By using Professional Social Recommender (PSR) and Text field filtering the recommendation of jobs and candidates will be classified. Three tier architecture designs have been implemented for efficient data retrieval and data transfer. They are Job seeker interface, Candidate recruitment interface and Recommendation database will be the architecture taken for developing this application. The primary architecture will be the job seeker interface, in followed with candidate recruitment interface and Recommendation database will be interconnected. The professional social recommender will works as a third party agent and the agent will retrieves all the recommended job and candidate profiles. A panel will be designed for displaying the recommended job and candidate details. All the displayed jobs will be more relevant to the user’s profile. The generated user and candidate profile will be encrypted in order to overcome the privacy breaches.

A fog based load forecasting strategy for smart grids using big electrical data

Internet of things (IoT) enables the smart electrical grids (SEGs) to support a lot of tasks throughout the generation, transmission, distribution and consumption of energy. Large amounts of data are generated through these smart devices, which can be sent to the cloud for further processing. Hence, appropriate actions can be taken based on the cloud processing. However, sending the complete captured data directly to the cloud would lead to resource wastage. To overcome the cloud challenges, fog computing tier acts as a bridge in the middle between the IoT devices embedded in SEG and the cloud. Thus, a 3-tiers architecture is proposed to replace 2-tiers one. The added fog tier offers a place for collecting, computing, storing smart meter data before transmitting them to the cloud. In this paper, a new electrical load forecasting (ELF) strategy has been proposed based on the pre-mentioned three tiers architecture. The proposed strategy consists of two phases; which are; (i) data pre-processing phase (DP2) and (ii) load prediction phase (LP2). Both phases take place at a cloud data center (CDC) on the collected data, which is received from all fogs connected to the entire cloud. The aim of the data preprocessing phase is to; (i) reject outliers from the collected data, and (ii) feature selection. The main contribution of this paper lied on the feature selection, which elects only the effective features for the next load prediction phase. Features selection is an essential pre-processing operation to reduce the dataset dimensions from all irrelevant features leading to enable the ELF from taking fast and correct decision for other electrical subsystems. A new feature selection methodology called fuzzy based feature selection (FBFS) is presented, which involves two stages; feature ranking stage (FRS) and feature selection stage (FS2). FBFS is a hybrid method based on both features selection methods filter and wrapper providing fast and more accurate significant features. Then, during LP2, the filtered data is used to give a fast and accurate load prediction. Experimental results have shown that the proposed FBFS promotes the load forecasting efficiency in terms of precision, recall, accuracy and F-measure compared with recent features selection methodologies. FBFS provides the highest precision, recall, and accuracy results. On the other hand, it provides the lowest error value.

Healthcare Monitoring System Based on Wireless Sensor Network for Cardiac Patients

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the major cause of mortality globally, as well as in India. Most of the deaths caused by CVD are sudden and without giving any chance to provide any medical help. To avoid such impulsive accidental deaths precautions are always required. Due to this heart patients require continuous monitoring of certain vital body parameters such as heart rate, pulse rate and electrocardiogram (ECG) showing current health status clearly. In this paper we are presenting 3 - tier architecture of our prototype healthcare monitoring system using wireless sensor network (WSN) which is developed to continuously monitor certain body parameters of patient. Different biosensors available to measure heart rate, body oxygen level and temperature are attached to Arduino Nano board and recorded signals are sent to server using Node MCU ESP8266 wireless communication. Data is made available on remote servers for doctors and caregivers using ThingSpeak, an internet of things (IOT) application. In case of emergency caregivers can be notified using smart phone alerts. The system is useful for cardiac patients and can be used for infant or baby care and elderly care in home and hospitals. Accuracy of the system is found 95% with the response time of 10 seconds.

Analysing Signal Strength and Connection Speed in Cloud Networks for Enterprise Business Intelligence

Signal strength and speed connection data which are collected and available in a company have not been optimally and beneficially processed and stored for more added value business purposes. Therefore, the collected data need to be utilized in more strategic way for business intelligent in the company that enables management to conduct better and smarter decision making. This research is aimed to develop a business intelligence system based on cloud computing platform which is more flexible and manageable in terms of cost and resources. The developed system adopts the three tier architectures of data warehouse that provides data extraction, transform, and load (ETL) functions and the creation of dimensional models and visualization in dashboard forms. Business intelligence solutions have been created based on cloud computing using Microsoft Azure SQL Database as database storage of data warehouse and Power BI as a dimensional model and dashboard visualization. The developed system prototype has been implemented and tested for its functionalities and capabilities in a web platform.

Web-enabled data extraction system for cotton pests

Under Online Pest Monitoring and Advisory Services (OPMAS) program, huge information/data on cotton pest along with weather were collected in three intensive cotton growing zones, viz. the North Zone (Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan), the Central Zone (Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat), and the Southern Zone (Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu), in India. Based on pest monitoring weekly advisory services were issued to extension agencies and farmers for control measures of pests in the cotton crop. Under the project extraction system was developed which was based on three tier architecture, i.e. presentation, application and data tier to reduce the effort for searching a huge set of data for desired information on real time points. In the system, the central value of pest (mean, maximum and minimum) and spread of the pest in terms of variance and standard deviation may be obtained. These results can provide the epidemic status of the pest based on the threshold values which can be utilized to issue advisories to farmers about the pest control. In future the data extracted from this system can be used for pattern development using pest population as a character under study and time variable as an independent/explanatory variable.