Tidal Changes Research Articles

Experiments with Empire: Anthropology and Fiction in the French Atlantic by Justin Izzo

Reviewed by: Experiments with Empire: Anthropology and Fiction in the French Atlantic by Justin Izzo Xavier Lee Experiments with Empire: Anthropology and Fiction in the French Atlantic BY JUSTIN IZZO Duke UP, 2019. ix + 282 pp. ISBN 9781478004004 paper. Justin Izzo’s book Experiments with Empire considers how writers on both sides of the color line adapted anthropological tools—mainly ethnography—in order to document social life in the 20th-century Francosphere and create new spaces for creative intervention. Heeding the particular history of French anthropology and its role in sustaining the at-times contradictory ambitions of the French colonial empire, this book’s impressive project is to propose what Izzo calls “a third interlocutory mode” that mobilizes anthropological forms to envision alternative modes of postcolonial critique (7). The French and Francophone writers he discusses write themselves into a broader system of knowledge-making and worldbuilding while also gesturing toward the particular problems that come with writing from within the ruins of empire. The book’s chapters examine novels, nonfiction, and film from the French Atlantic world that incorporate ethnographic methods into the production of art. Chapter 1 considers the ethnographic writings of Michel Leiris and Amadou Hampâté Bâ during their time as colonial administrators during the Second World War. Izzo attends to the ways that both Leiris and Bâ navigated and articulated their subject positions with French Africa. He avoids prescriptive dichotomies that might otherwise position someone like Leiris—who decried the impact of racism in greater France—as an irredeemable colonizer and someone like Bâ as a misguided collaborant. In chapter 2, Izzo continues this process of positional disentanglement through a study of Jean Rouch’s ethnofictional filmography. Focusing on a triptych of films in Rouch’s lengthy career, this chapter considers how Rouch’s African actors produce a kind of self-knowledge that is inevitably shuttled along by the anthropological gaze of the camera. The result is a kind of fictive détournement wherein the director bends documentary into fiction and storytelling into ethnography. Chapter 3 marks a turn toward the Caribbean, stopping first in Haiti to discuss the legacy of Jean Price-Mars’s Ainsi parla l’Oncle on what Izzo calls Haitian “ethnographic nation building.” Attention is paid here to the relationship between the changing tides of folk culture and the backdrop of the American occupation and the Duvalier regimes in Haitian fiction. Chapter 4 takes us to Martinique, where Izzo examines the trio of Edouard Glissant, Patrick Chamoiseau, and Raphaël Confiant. It is in this chapter that one clearly sees the relationship between literature and the human sciences as more of a dialogue than a process of appropriation. All three of these novelists use what Izzo names “an ethnology of Relation” to illuminate the social problems produced by the afterlives of colonialism and slavery in the French Caribbean. The book then comes to a close in France, where Izzo [End Page 226] considers the crime novels of Jean-Claude Izzo and their counter-cartographies of postcolonial Marseille. Experiments with Empire is well worth considering if you are looking for a way to think about empire and its aftermath without falling into an often dead-ended and retrenched mode of negative political critique. The work straddles a line between a metacommentary on the field of anthropology and the more traditional tool of close reading. Izzo does not agonize over the obvious colonial roots of the modern discipline of anthropology nor does he explore the ethical problems attached to ethnography as a tool of knowledge production. While some readers may find this to be a theoretical shortcoming, it demonstrates that Izzo’s project is more invested in the uses of anthropology to influence both literary and social forms. Experiments with Empire ultimately provides a roadmap in French studies for interdisciplinary scholarship that theorizes alternative possibilities for the study of postcolonial life. Xavier Lee Yale University xavier.lee@yale.edu Copyright © 2020 The Trustees of Indiana University

Application of Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques to Study Sediment Movement along Harwada Beach, Uttar Kannada, West Coast of India

Waghmare, S.M.; Hanamgond, P.T.; Mitra, D.; Koti, B.K., and Shinde, P.S., 2020. Application of remote sensing and GIS techniques to study sediment movement along Harwada Beach, Uttar Kannada, west coast of India. Journal of Coastal Research, 36(6), 1121–1129. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Beaches, the most dynamic coastal landform on Earth, show dynamic changes over different timescales such as diurnal, tidal, monthly, and seasonal changes. These changes can be constructive or destructive. The long-term studies on beaches help in understanding and planning for any coastal management programs. The present study was undertaken on Harwada Beach located in Karwar of Uttara Kannada district, on the West Coast of India, mainly to understand the morphological changes, sediment movement, and depositional environment through bimonthly beach profiles at five stations. In the present study correlation of the field data along with the remote sensing data (Sentinel 2A multispectral sensor) was carried out to understand the long-term changes. This study shows that the beach has undergone dominant erosion and exhibits cyclic movement of the sediments within the study area. The seasonal and annual study undertaken on Harwada Beach showed that the central part of the study area is most stable during the 4-year observation, while rest of the beach shows erosion.

Multi‐Century Impacts of Ice Sheet Retreat on Sea Level and Ocean Tides in Hudson Bay

AbstractPast and modern large‐scale ice sheet loss results in geographically variable sea level changes. At present, in Hudson Bay, Canada, sea level is decreasing due to glacial isostatic adjustment, which represents a departure from the globally averaged sea level rise. However, there are large uncertainties in future sea level trends with further polar ice sheet retreat in the coming centuries. Sea level changes affect ocean tides considerably because tides are highly sensitive to changes in bathymetry. Here, we present multi‐century sea level projections associated with a suite of past and future ice loss scenarios and consider the impact of these changes on ocean tides using an established tidal model. Modern tides in Hudson Bay are poorly resolved due to large uncertainties in bathymetry. To establish an initial condition for our simulations, we constrain bathymetry in the bay using tide observations. Due to gravitational, Earth rotational and deformational effects, Greenland ice loss will produce a small sea level fall in the bay, while Antarctic ice loss will produce a larger than average sea level rise. Our results show that the response of the Antarctic ice sheet to climate change strongly impacts the magnitude and sign of future sea level and tidal amplitude changes in the region, with the largest changes predicted in Hudson Strait and Foxe Basin. We emphasize that further constraints on bathymetry and accurate projections of sea level and tides in Hudson Bay are imperative for assessing the associated impacts on coastal communities and ecosystems.

Esophageal balloon calibration during Sigh: A physiologic, randomized, cross-over study

Optimal esophageal balloon filling volume (Vbest) depends on the intrathoracic pressure. During Sigh breath delivered by the ventilator machine, esophageal balloon is surrounded by elevated intrathoracic pressure that might require higher filling volume for accurate measure of tidal changes in esophageal pressure (Pes). The primary aim of our investigation was to evaluate and compare Vbest during volume controlled and pressure support breaths vs. Sigh breath. Twenty adult patients requiring invasive volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) for hypoxemic acute respiratory failure were enrolled. After the insertion of a naso-gastric catheter equipped with 10ml esophageal balloon, each patient underwent three 30-min trials as follows: VCV, pressure support ventilation (PSV), and PSV+Sigh. Sigh was added to PSV as 35 cmH2O pressure-controlled breath over 4s, once per minute. PSV and PSV+Sigh were randomly applied and, at the end of each step, esophageal balloon calibration was performed. Vbest was higher for Sigh breath (4.5 [3.0-6.8] ml) compared to VCV (1.5 [1.0-2.9] ml, P=0.0004) and PSV tidal breath (1.0 [0.5-2.4] ml, P<0.0001). During Sigh breath, applying a calibrated approach for Pes assessment, a higher Vbest was required compared to VCV and PSV tidal breath.

Social Upheaval and a Dean’s Vision for Professional Nursing: The Work of Dorothy M. Smith

Dorothy Mary Smith (1913–1997) was a visionary leader and innovator in nursing education. She was the founding dean of the University of Florida College of Nursing and played a key role in the design of an early academic medical center model. This article will discuss her education and early years, and the formation of Smith’s perspective on nursing education, exemplified by the implementation of her unification model of nursing, which was later adopted by numerous other academic nursing programs. During her deanship, significant events included the intrusion of the Johns Committee, an offshoot of the McCarthy investigations. The changing tides and times, such as the civil rights movement, also brought controversy and struggle to southern universities. In the end, financial downturns in state funding brought an end to the vision of Smith and her colleagues, leading her to ponder the outcome “if I had stayed.” Smith was an innovative leader whose legacy inspired graduates and faculty long after her academic career ended.

Impact of long-duration CSO events under different tidal change conditions on distribution of microbial indicators and PPCPs in Sumida river estuary of Tokyo Bay, Japan.

The Sumida river estuary of Tokyo bay is often affected by fecal contamination from combined sewer overflows (CSOs). This study monitored the surface water quality from the upstream of the Sumida river to the estuary in October 2017, June 2018, and July 2018 after three long-duration rainfall events. Several types of sewage markers, including fecal bacteria and two types of bacteriophages as microbial markers, and five pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) as chemical markers were used to evaluate fecal contamination. CSO discharge was estimated separately from pumping stations and overflow chambers. The dominant contribution from overflow chambers was estimated to be as high as 86-91% of total discharge volume indicating their significance in controlling CSO pollution. High concentrations of sewage marker were observed in a wide area due to CSO discharge of more than 30h in all 3 events. Escherichia coli was found to be as high as 4.00-4.57 log10 (CFU/100mL). Meanwhile, caffeine showed the highest concentration of 2105ng/L among PPCPs. It was found to be a useful indicator of recent contamination that captured a unique spatial distribution tendency. On the other hand, crotamiton, a conservative PPCP, was found to be highly diluted and might not be appropriate for tracking pollutants under heavy rainfall events. The effect of CSO discharge pattern and tidal change on the distribution of sewage markers, including dispersion degree and pollutants travel time, was described. CSO pollutants were found to accumulate in the river mouth areas during high tide before being discharged into the estuary.

Feeding and digestion periodicity of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in natural intertidal and subtidal zones estimated from the morphological condition of the crystalline style

ABSTRACT Feeding periodicities and rhythms of suspension-feeding bivalves in coastal waters are closely related to diel and tidal cyclic environmental changes, such as food availability and predation risk. Although such feeding periodicities of bivalves are important for understanding how their feeding strategies adapt to localized habitats, the feeding periodicity in bivalves in the field remains to be clarified, especially in infaunal species. The present study focused on the morphological condition of the crystalline style as an indicator of the feeding activity of the infaunal bivalve Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, and estimated their feeding periodicity in the field. First, the effects of feeding (siphon-extending) behaviour, food and the light/dark cycle on the condition of the crystalline style (defined based on its morphology and hardness) were investigated in the laboratory. Results of the ordered logistic models and model selection showed that clams extending their siphons kept their crystalline styles hard. Furthermore, the effects of the light/dark cycle and tidal phase on the condition of the crystalline style were investigated in natural intertidal and subtidal zones and assessed using the results of the ordered logistic models. In the intertidal zone, the effect of the tidal phase was significant, whereas the effect of the light/dark cycle was not, and feeding was estimated to be active at ebb and flood tides, when the density of food particles was likely to be high. On the other hand, in the subtidal zone, the results of the model selection were not clear because of significant effects of interactions between the light/dark cycle and tidal phase. However, when the interactions were removed from the models, the effect of the light/dark cycle was significant, and feeding was estimated to be active at night when the predation risk from visual predators would be relatively low. These results confirm that R. philippinarum possesses behavioural plasticity in feeding periodicity, which is adaptable to both intertidal and subtidal zones.

Constructing cultural identity through weaving among Ri-Bhoi women weavers: a symbolic interactionist approach

With this interpretive study, we sought to understand how weaving as an activity contributed to constructing women handloom weavers’ cultural identity in the region of Ri-Bhoi, a district in Meghalaya, India, by exploring weavers’ experiences through changing tides of modernization in the handloom industry of the region. We adopted a lens of symbolic interaction to consider the ways in which interactions within the Ri-Bhoi cultural context contributed to meanings about the women’s weaving activities and their cultural identities. An ethnographic approach was implemented using participant observation, field notes/journaling, and informal and formal interviews to collect relevant data. Analyses revealed four themes representing the value that Ri-Bhoi women weavers attached to various aspects of their weaving tradition, which in turn, supported their cultural identities: (a) maintaining the tradition of weaving through acquisition and exchange of knowledge, (b) securing social support from family and community, (c) maintaining the tradition of weaving through creation of textiles that symbolize tribe and culture, and (d) achieving a sense of fulfillment (i.e., joy, happiness, and pride). Further exploration revealed that the modernization of the Ri-Bhoi handloom industry increased engagement of women in weaving and their passion to preserve their tradition, which further strengthened their connection to weaving. Implications and future research directions are discussed.

Early Inspiratory Effort Assessment by Esophageal Manometry Predicts Noninvasive Ventilation Outcome in De Novo Respiratory Failure. A Pilot Study.

Rationale: The role of inspiratory effort still has to be determined as a potential predictor of noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) failure in acute hypoxic de novo respiratory failure.Objectives: To explore the hypothesis that inspiratory effort might be a major determinant of NIV failure in these patients.Methods: Thirty consecutive patients with acute hypoxic de novo respiratory failure admitted to a single center and candidates for a 24-hour NIV trial were enrolled. Clinical features, tidal change in esophageal pressure (ΔPes), tidal change in dynamic transpulmonary pressure (ΔPl), expiratory Vt, and respiratory rate were recorded on admission and 2–4 to 12–24 hours after NIV start and were tested for correlation with outcomes.Measurements and Main Results: ΔPes and ΔPes/ΔPl ratio were significantly lower 2 hours after NIV start in patients who successfully completed the NIV trial (n = 18) compared with those who needed endotracheal intubation (n = 12) (median [interquartile range], 11 [8–15] cm H2O vs. 31.5 [30–36] cm H2O; P < 0.0001), whereas other variables differed later. ΔPes was not related to other predictors of NIV failure at baseline. NIV-induced reduction in ΔPes of 10 cm H2O or more after 2 hours of treatment was strongly associated with avoidance of intubation and represented the most accurate predictor of treatment success (odds ratio, 15; 95% confidence interval, 2.8–110; P = 0.001 and area under the curve, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.91–1; P < 0.0001).Conclusions: The magnitude of inspiratory effort relief as assessed by ΔPes variation within the first 2 hours of NIV was an early and accurate predictor of NIV outcome at 24 hours.Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 03826797).

Tidal effects on intra-continental earthquake initiation in the Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent areas*

To investigate the tidal effects on intra-continental earthquake initiation in the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas, we selected over 1,500 focal mechanism solutions of inland earthquakes (epicenter locates at least 100 km to the coastlines) from Global Centroid Moment Tensor (GCMT) project and analyzed the p-values of tidal normal and shear stress as well as tidal Coulomb failure stress. For Coulomb failure stress calculation, we used Coulomb 3.40 software. We find that: (1) p-values of tidal stress change suggests a high tidal correlation of earthquake imitations with tidal normal stress change; (2) when tidal normal stress reached the local maximum values of compression and when tidal shear stress were closed to the positive peaks, earthquakes generated more frequently; (3) particular seismogenic environments such as strong continental plate interactions and the existence of fluids or rheologic substance possibly raise the tidal correlations and (4) higher sensitivity of earthquake initiation to earth tide presents along with higher seismicity, suggesting the rate of rain energy accumulation somehow has a dominating effect on the tidal correlation of earthquake initiation.

Contaminant Transport Characteristics through Double Vertical Hydraulic Barrier at Offshore Containment Facility Considering Tidal Change

Vertical hydraulic barrier is essential component to prevent leachate leakage in offshore containment facilities. Double steel pipe sheet pile is one of effectively used as vertical hydraulic barrier in Japanese offshore waste landfill sites. In this study, two-dimensional finite element analysis was performed to evaluate contaminant transport characteristics considering advection-dispersion-diffusion through double steel pipe sheet pile according to tidal fluctuation and different water level in landfill by using SEEP/W and CTRAN/W. Numerical analysis results indicate that water level in landfill should be maintain similar or lower compared with sea water level to prevent the leakage from landfill to sea. In addition, double steel pipe sheet pile was effective to prevent contaminant leakage to outside sea since filling zone between two barrier act as buffer zone for spreading contaminant.

Resolving marine dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) composition in a coastal estuary

AbstractA mechanistic understanding of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) utilization, and its role in the marine P cycle, requires knowledge of DOP molecular composition. In this study, a recently developed approach coupling electrodialysis and reverse osmosis with solution 31P‐NMR analysis was used to examine DOP composition within a tidally dominated salt‐marsh estuary (North Inlet, South Carolina) over seasonal and tidal time frames. The isolation technique allowed for near complete recovery of the DOP pool (90% ± 13%; n = 12) with six broad compound classes quantified: phosphonates, phosphomonoesters, phosphodiesters, pyrophosphate, di‐ and tri‐phosphate nucleotides (nucleoPα), and polyphosphate. Our results indicate that phosphomonoesters (ca. 61%) and phosphodiesters (ca. 31%) comprise the majority of the DOP pool, with relatively small contributions from pyrophosphates (ca. 4%), phosphonates (ca. 2%), nucleoPα (ca. 1%), and polyphosphates (ca. 1%). The study found no significant differences in DOP composition or concentration between tidal stages, despite significant tidal changes in dissolved organic nitrogen (DON):DOP stoichiometry. Significant seasonal variation was observed, with higher concentrations of phosphonates, nucleoPα, and monophosphates and lower phosphomonoester concentrations in Fall relative to all other seasons. We hypothesize that these seasonal variations reflect the balance between specific compound class seasonal production, lability, and local P demands associated with marine vs. terrestrial sources. Our results indicate that DOP composition exists at a dynamic equilibrium that is strongly conserved across diverse marine environments.

Seasonal and tidal variability of the hydrology and suspended particulate matter in the Van Uc estuary, Red River, Vietnam

Abstract This study explores the seasonal and tidal changes in flow and suspended matter dynamics in the tropical and macrotidal Van Uc River estuary (North Vietnam) and aims at understanding, among others, the sediment delivery to the ocean and the processes behind the estuarine siltation. Four campaigns took place during the contrasting high flow and low flow seasons, for each during neap and spring tides. Water and suspended matter fluxes, salinity, turbidity and particle size distribution (PSD) were measured for 24 h at three cross sections along the estuary. During the high-flow season, the estuary was mixed, with seaward sediment flux during neap tide and ephemeral up-estuary sediment flux at spring tides due to tidal distortion. During the low-flow season, the system transitioned from partially mixed to highly stratified with salty waters intrusions, salt wedge presence and up-estuary sediment flux varying with the tidal regime. The highest up-estuary sediment flow occurred during low-flow at spring tides and represented ⅔ of the outflow. The lower river discharge, the higher PSD variation. The increasing proportion of microflocs with increasing salinity as compared to primary particles and flocculi was observed at both seasons. Higher tidal variations of PSD at spring tides indicate the strong effect of turbulent shear. These findings also provide a new benchmark for hydro-sedimentary model calibration/validation.

A unified call to action from Australian nursing and midwifery leaders: ensuring that Black lives matter

Nurses and midwives of Australia now is the time for change! As powerfully placed, Indigenous and non-Indigenous nursing and midwifery professionals, together we can ensure an effective and robust Indigenous curriculum in our nursing and midwifery schools of education. Today, Australia finds itself in a shifting tide of social change, where the voices for better and safer health care ring out loud. Voices for justice, equity and equality reverberate across our cities, our streets, homes, and institutions of learning. It is a call for new songlines of reform. The need to embed meaningful Indigenous health curricula is stronger now than it ever was for Australian nursing and midwifery. It is essential that nursing and midwifery leadership continue to build an authentic collaborative environment for Indigenous curriculum development. Bipartisan alliance is imperative for all academic staff to be confident in their teaching and learning experiences with Indigenous health syllabus. This paper is a call out. Now is the time for Indigenous and non-Indigenous nurses and midwives to make a stand together, for justice and equity in our teaching, learning, and practice. Together we will dismantle systems, policy, and practices in health that oppress. The Black Lives Matter movement provides us with a ‘now window’ of accepted dialogue to build a better, culturally safe Australian nursing and midwifery workforce, ensuring that Black Lives Matter in all aspects of health care.

Sediment organic matter source estimation and ecological classification in the semi-enclosed Batan Bay Estuary, Philippines

The large organic matter flow in tropical coastal areas is recognized as an important process in the global carbon (C) cycle. However, the nature of organic matter flow in semi-enclosed tropical estuaries remains unclear due to the various environmental processes (tidal change, river flow, waves from the sea, and internal circulation) and organic matter sources therein. Thus, sediment organic matter (SOM) sources, and their distribution pattern, are key to understanding ecosystem material flow. Our research in the Batan Bay Estuary, Philippines, a semi-enclosed estuary under large mangrove deforestation, was conducted to determine ecosystem properties through analysis of C and nitrogen stable isotope ratios and environmental factors. First, we determined that mangrove litter, microphytobenthos, and phytoplankton are the main SOM sources in the Batan Bay Estuary. Second, the estuary was classified into three ecological zones (the Bay zone, Back-barrier zone, and River zone). In addition, we estimated SOM source ratios using the Stable Isotope Analysis in R package and determined different organic matter sources in different zone. The high ratios of mangrove litter as SOM indicate that a large amount of terrestrial plant organic matter remains despite the heavy mangrove deforestation that has occurred since the 1980s, and that the Back-barrier zone consists of a different type of ecosystem that promotes accumulation of C from mangrove litter and microphytobenthos.

Circulation and Tides in a Cooler Upper Atmosphere: Dynamical Effects of CO2 Doubling

AbstractThermosphere cooling is a known effect of increasing CO2 in the atmosphere. In this study, we explore the changes of thermosphere circulation and tides in the cooled thermosphere via a doubled CO2 numerical experiment using the Ground‐to‐topside Atmosphere Ionosphere model for Aeronomy (GAIA). The results reveal three major features. (1) The thermosphere cools about 10 K more around solstices than equinoxes, more at the summer pole than the winter pole. (2) The meridional circulation shifts downward and strongly accelerates by 5–15 m s−1. (3) The tidal activity experiences dramatic changes, with a 40–60% reduction in the semidiurnal tides (SW2) throughout the thermosphere but an 30–50% enhancement in diurnal tides (DW1) below 200 km altitude. The nonmigrating tide DE3 has only minor changes. These changes in temperature, meridional circulation, and tides are persistent features in all seasons and can profoundly affect the spatial distribution and diurnal cycles of the ionospheric responses to CO2 doubling via atmosphere composition and electrodynamics.

Three-Dimensional Dynamic Visualization of Coastal Zones for Sea-land Integration

Ai, B.; Xia, Y.; Li, Z.; Yang, F., and Ji, M., 2020. Three-dimensional dynamic visualization of coastal zones for sea-land integration. In: Zheng, C.W.; Wang, Q.; Zhan, C., and Yang, S.B. (eds.), Air-Sea Interaction and Coastal Environments of the Maritime and Polar Silk Roads. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 99, pp. 85-91. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The three-dimensional visualization of coastal zones for sea-land integration faces difficulties such as multisource terrain data fusion, tidal dynamic changes, and sea surface simulation. This paper proposes a method to convert the depth reference of water depth data into the 1985 national elevation benchmarks, which integrates multisource sea-land terrain data by vertical datums, converts rectangular coordinates and establishes a digital elevation model for sea-land terrain integration. Based on the dynamic characteristics of the sea surface with tides, this paper calculates the tidal level of the nearshore tide station using numerical tidal harmonic analysis and a prediction model. The dynamic sea surface height field away from the mainland is established by inverse distance weighted spatial interpolation. The paper simulates the sea surface by Phillips spectrum analysis and fast Fourier transform and achieves dynamic effects for the sea surface by concave-convex mapping and wave mapping, enhancing the reality of dynamic sea surface expression. In addition, this paper designs and develops the Coastal Zone Terrain Three-Dimensional Dynamic Visualization System, which realizes functions such as sea-land integrated three-dimensional terrain roaming, sea surface simulation visualization and the automatic generation of instantaneous coastlines at any time.

Tidal Deformations of Hybrid Stars with Sharp Phase Transitions and Elastic Crusts

Abstract Gravitational wave astronomy is expected to provide independent constraints on neutron-star properties, such as their equation of state. This is possible with the measurements of binary components’ tidal deformability, which alter the point-particle gravitational waveforms of neutron-star binaries. Here, we provide a first study of the tidal deformability effects due to the elasticity/solidity of the crust (hadronic phase) in a hybrid neutron star, as well as the influence of a quark-hadronic phase density jump on tidal deformations. We employ the framework of non-radial perturbations with zero frequency and study hadronic phases presenting elastic aspects when perturbed (with the shear modulus approximately 1% of the pressure). We find that the relative tidal deformation change in a hybrid star with a perfect-fluid quark phase and a hadronic phase presenting an elastic part is never larger than about 2%–4% (with respect to a perfect-fluid counterpart). These maximum changes occur when the elastic region of a hybrid star is larger than approximately 60% of the star’s radius, which may happen when its quark phase is small and the density jump is large enough, or even when a hybrid star has an elastic mixed phase. For other cases, tidal deformation changes due to an elastic crust are negligible ( ) and, therefore, unlikely to be measured even with third generation detectors. Thus, only when the size of the elastic hadronic region of a hybrid star is over half of its radius, could the effects of elasticity have a noticeable impact on tidal deformations.

Rapid changes in the near-bottom temperature of the bottom aquaculture area around the Zhangzi Island in summer

Rapid changes in the near-bottom water temperature are important environmental factors that can significantly affect the growth and development of species in the bottom culture. The object of this research is to investigate the mechanism causing these rapid changes within a bottom culture area near the Zhangzi Island. The hydrographic transects observations in the North Yellow Sea (NYS) suggest that our mooring station is very close to the tidal mixing front. The horizontal advection of the tidal front has induced the observed tidal change of bottom temperature at the mooring station. Analysis of the mooring near-bottom temperature and current measurements show that the angle between the tidal current horizontal advection and the swing of the tidal front is crucial in determining the variation trend of temperature. When the angle equals 90°, the horizontal tidal current advects along the isotherms so the temperature remains the same. When the angle is between 0° and 90°, the seawater moves from deep water to the warmer coastal zone and the temperature decreases. In contrast, the horizontal tidal advection moves the coastal warm water to the mooring station and the water temperature increases when the angle is between 90° and 180°. The amplitude of the temperature change is proportional to the magnitude of the horizontal temperature gradient and the tidal excursion in the direction of the temperature gradient. This study may facilitate the choice of culture area in order to have a good aquaculture production.

What Are the Benefits for Organisations Who ‘Create Space’ That Empowers the People They Lead, Physically, Psychologically, Emotionally and Spiritually?

This paper explores the benefit to leaders of Organisations who intentionally 'create space' to empower the 'whole self' in those they lead. I have illuminated the conjoining factors of human empowerment as being physical, psychological, emotional and spiritual as they appear in the Organisational Development map of the Field. I conclude the benefits are manifold and as leaders we are wise to harness them during tides of change.