To The EditorRecent review articles have presented advances and strategiesfor tick vaccine discovery (1–5). However, the importance ofsugar epitopes as tick vaccine antigens, briefly discussed byNuttall et al. (1) and Willadsen (3), has been little investigatedand largely overlooked. Recent studies of tick–pathogeninteractions suggest that the glycan–protein conjugates areinvolved in pathogen infection of tick cells (6). Although sugarepitopes have been recognized as potential immunogens forpathogen transmission-blocking vaccines (6,7), their rolein tick vaccine development and performance is poorlyunderstood.The first preliminary evidence that sugar epitopes may beinvolved in protective immunity against ticks was providedby Lee