Tianshui City Research Articles

关中-天水经济区生态系统服务权衡与协同关系

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 关中-天水经济区生态系统服务权衡与协同关系 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201408261688 作者: 作者单位: 陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院 陕西西安,陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院 陕西西安,武汉大学测绘学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(41371020);中央高校特别支持项目(GK2015020210) Ecosystem service trade-offs in the Guanzhong-Tianshui economic region of China Author: Affiliation: College of Tourism and Environment,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710062,, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:陆地表层植被作为生态系统主体,具有调节气候、水文调节、净化水质、保持水土等生态系统服务。理解生态系统服务权衡与协同的表现类型、形成机理、尺度依存和区域差异,对于制定区域发展与生态保护"双赢"的政策措施具有重要意义。以关天经济区为主要研究对象,利用相关模型,计算关天经济区生态系统NPP,固碳释氧,水文调节,水土保持,粮食生产等生态系统服务价值,利用ESCI和ESSI两个指数研究其生态系统服务价值时空变化,利用相关系数和空间制图的方法研究它们之间的相互权衡协同关系。结果表明:从时间角度分析,各项生态服务价值都呈现逐渐增加的趋势;从空间角度分析,2000年和2010年存在相似的空间分布格局,从北向南,NPP和固碳释氧的价值逐渐增大,水土保持价值变化量的大小也呈现不断增加的趋势,北部变化量小,南部变化量大,水文调节价值从西向东增大,从北向南增大,粮食生产价值量最小的是西安市市区,粮食生产价值量最大的是西安市的郊区和郊县及咸阳市。2000年到2010年间,调节型生态系统服务与供给型生态系统服务之间存在着此消彼长的权衡关系;各个区县的总生态服务价值指数从北向南、从西向东是不断增大的。 Abstract:The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) has highlighted the dependence of human well-being on ecosystem services. In recent studies, the links between nature and the economy are often described using the concept of ecosystem services, which is the flow of value, measured as the quantity of natural resources, to human societies. Natural ecosystems provide society with important goods and services. With the rapid increase in human population and the excessive utilization of natural resources, humans frequently enhance the production of some services at the expense of others. Although the need for trade-offs between conservation and development is urgent, the lack of efficient methods to assess such trade-offs has impeded progress. This study focused on the evaluation of ecosystem services under different land use practices in the Guanzhong-Tianshui economic region of China using indices such as the ecosystem services change index (ESCI) and ecological service status index (ESSI). GIS-based techniques were used to map spatial and temporal distributions as well as the changes in ecosystem services. Research on the trade-offs and synergies between these ecosystem services were based on a correlation rate model and on distribution mapping. The results of the study show that (1) the ESCI value of Net Primary Productivity (NPP) and carbon sequestration increased in the western or northwestern regions of the area under study, while there was a loss of NPP and carbon sequestration in the eastern region. The water conservation value in the eastern region significantly increased, whereas it decreased in the western part. The other areas show no change. There was a gain in agricultural production in all regions, except Xi'an city. The ESSI value was the largest in Tianshui City, and showed a decreasing trend from west to east. (2) All of these services show trade-offs and synergy. Carbon sequestration was based on the NPP value, so the correlation coefficient was 1. The spatial pattern of soil conservation and water conservation were similar, so they have a higher correlation coefficient. Lastly, (3) ecological service was prominent in Baoji City, followed by the cities of Weinan, Xianyang, and Xi'an. Supporting ecological services were the highest in Fengxian County, followed by the counties of Zha Shui, Taibai, and Hua Yin. In contrast, supporting ecological services were the lowest in Gan Gu County, followed by the counties of Da Li and Qin An. Provisioning ecological services were high with the highest being in Fengxian County followed by Xian Yang City, and lowest in Taibai County. Looking at the spatial distribution, the total ecosystem services index increases from north to south and from west to east. The indexes for the cities and counties in the north were significantly lower than for those near the southern Qinling Mountains; therefore, the index was lower for the western part than for the eastern part. Provisioning ecological services, of which agricultural production accounts for a large proportion in the central area, was stronger than in the other areas. From 2000 to 2010, the total index of ecological services increased, although there was a slight decrease in some areas, mainly in the cities of Tianshui and Tongchuan. The Qinling-Taibai mountain region did not register any significant changes. From 2000 to 2010, all of these services presented trade-offs and synergy, especially in Baoji City. The supporting ecosystem services index in Fengxian County was the highest and had a NPP and carbon sequestration of 1, but agricultural production was very small at 0.0057. The food production index was the highest at 1, but the supporting ecosystem services index was low. This study suggests that the evaluation and visualization of ecosystem services could effectively assist in understanding the trade-offs between conservation and development. The results have implications for the planning and monitoring, which can be integrated into land use decision-making, of the future management of natural capital and ecosystem services. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Heavy rainfall triggered loess–mudstone landslide and subsequent debris flow in Tianshui, China

Continuous and heavy precipitation triggered a large loess landslide at the southern Dagou Village of Mapaoquan Town, Tianshui City, Gansu Province of China on July 21, 2013. The landslide debris rapidly turned into a debris flow that was deposited in the ravine mouth with the volume of 1.9×105m3. Detailed field mapping, three-dimensional laser scanning, aerial photograph interpretation, and laboratory tests were carried out to study the formation and moving characteristics of the landslide and subsequent debris flow. The results showed that: 1) The peak flow velocity and peak discharge of the debris flow were estimated to be approximately 7.2m/s and 730m3/s, respectively. The velocity had a tendency to first increase and then decrease from the head to entrance in the Dagou gully. 2) The analysis of rainfall conditions showed that the effective antecedent rainfall within 7days and hourly rainfall intensity which triggered the slide-debris flows was 239mm and 20mm/h, respectively. Compared with the critical rainfall in this area, the effective antecedent rainfall was found to be more significant in triggering this event. 3) The mean and effective particle sizes were approximately 0.73–1.3mm and 0.036–0.087mm, respectively, and had the same distribution along the gully as the velocity, which confirmed the process of the variation in the flow velocity. 4) The scale amplification was very obvious in the formation and moving process of the slide-debris flows.

Analysis on intensity zonation in thick loess region

The earthquakes, which occurred in Haiyuan, Tangshan and Wenchuan, have caused serious damages in the loess area and the abnormal intensity sites are commonly found during the earthquakes. The investigation of the actual earthquake damages and character analysis on sites shows that the topography, loess overburden and underground water level and many other factors affect the intensity. In this paper, the thickness of loess overburden of Tianshui City is achieved by inversion algorithm based on site exploration and microtremor test; the amplification effect of peak ground motion acceleration is calculated using numerical method; a complete formula is obtained through summarizing previous achievements and is used to calculate the abnormal intensity under the multifactorial influence. Finally, a seismic intensity anomaly distribution map is plotted applying the graphic information system (GIS) software in Maiji District, Tianshui City. Through the practical investigation of earthquake disaster, it is found that the figure fits the distribution of actual intensity anomaly very well.

Influencing Factors Analysis and Zonation Model Research of Landslides in Loess Region

Landslides zoning is an effective method of avoiding losses resulted from landslides in the loess areas. In this paper, the most important factors influencing the loess landslides are analyzed. As the five most important impact factors inducing the landslides，earthquake, water, slope, land use and natural density are selected to build a classification model based on AHP method. We obtained three kinds of landslides zonation maps under seismic motion with different exceedance probabilities. Combined with actual exploration, the zonation of landslides in Tianshui city is consistent with actual situation, which indicates that the classification model and the selected factors are appropriate to the loess landslide zoning.

Population genetic diversity of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici on different wheat varieties in Tianshui, Gansu Province

Population genetic diversity in Tianshui city was analyzed with SSR markers in 605 single-pustule isolates of the stripe rust pathogen, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), obtained from 19 varieties of wheat. Significant differences in genetic diversity among populations were defected. Genetic diversity was highest in population on Tian 863-13, a highly resistant variety, whereas genetic diversity was lowest in population on Huixianhong, a highly susceptible variety. Seven populations from seven varieties that carried the common Yr18 resistance gene were clustered as one sub-group at 0.88 similarity coefficient, which showed that resistance gene selection had close relation with pathogen's component. The results of present study can provide a theoretical basis for integrated management of wheat stripe rust and effective deployment of resistance genes in Pst over-summering zones in China.

Visitando la ciudad de Tianshui. Una mirada a la cultura marcial de la Ruta de la Seda del Norte de China

<p>Tianshui city, located in China’s ancient cultural center in Gansu Province, includes a large rural area known as Qinzhou. This area houses pockets of traditional martial arts culture, which allow one to savor the past in the present, even in the face of China’s unprecedented economic development and social change in recent years. The picture described in this short article is based upon the author’s visits to Tianshui, most recently in 2007, on-site discussions with Professor Cai Zhizhong, who teaches martial arts in the physical education program of Tianshui Normal College, and Professor Cai’s writings on the subject. While the modernization taking place throughout China cannot help but have an influence on Tianshui’s traditional martial arts practices, one comes away hopeful that the strong historical awareness and sense of cultural pride exhibited by the area’s residents will insure a continuing role for Tianshui’s traditional martial arts.</p>

Response of corn growth to climate warming in Tianshui City, Gansu Province

气温变暖已对农作物生长发育产生了较大的响。利用天水市1968—2009年的气温、高温日数的变化资料, 分析近几十年来天水市气温的变化趋势及特点, 结合天水市农业科学研究所1980—2005年的玉米生育期资料, 对数据进行统计和制图, 应用DPS软件计算相关系数。通过分析玉米生育期与温度的关系及变化趋势, 建立回归模拟方程, 揭示玉米对气候变暖的响应, 为探讨当地玉米的适宜播种期和玉米作物带的变迁, 进而为种植业结构调整和粮食安全提供理论依据。结果表明, 1968—2009年天水市年平均温度一直呈比较平稳的上升趋势, 增幅为0.469 ℃·10a^-1; 年四季平均气温均呈上升趋势, 其中以冬季、春季上升最为明显, 年高温在30 ℃和35 ℃以上天数均呈逐渐增多趋势。玉米播种期、出苗期有推迟趋势, 抽穗期、吐丝期、成熟期随气温的变暖均呈现提前的变化趋势, 其中播种期推迟2.7 d·10a^-1, 出苗期延长0.1 d·10a^-1, 抽穗期提前3.3 d·10a^-1, 吐丝期提高 0a-1, 出苗—抽穗期缩短3.4 d·10a-1, 抽穗—吐丝期缩短1.0 d·10a-1, 吐丝—成熟期缩短4.4 d·10a-1; 生育期内平均气温升高, 促使玉米生长加快, 发育期提前, 全生育期缩短。玉米在1980—2005年间的千粒重总体呈现下降趋势, 极端高温对玉米全生育期和千粒重的影响较大。

指数施肥对楸树无性系生物量分配和根系形态的影响

In order to study the differences of Catalpa bungei clones′ biomass allocation and root morphology,an exponential fertilization trial was conducted with three nitrogen dose levels of 6 10,14 g urea per plant and CK.The experimental materials were two-year Catalpa bungei clones 1-4,7080 and 015-1 tissue culture-seedlings.We conducted the experiment in Xiaolongshan forestry science and technology research institute,Tianshui city,Gansu province from March to August 2011.The results showed that:(1) After the end of the fertilization,the root biomass,stem biomass,leaf biomass,total biomass,root length,root surface area,volume of root and root average diameter with 10 g urea per plant treatment were higher than other treatments in the same clone.The clone 015-1 showed higher values of biomass parameters and root morphological parameters than the clone 1-4 and clone 7080.The root biomass,stem biomass,leaf biomass and total biomass of clone 015-1 with 10 g urea per plant treatment were 89.44 g,61.30 g,79.97 g,230.71 g,which were 1.48,1.52,2.09,1.66 times that with CK.The root length,root surface area and volume of root of the same treatment were 22667 cm,6260 cm2,578.14 cm3,and 1.94,1.54,2.43 times that with CK respectively.(2) Exponential fertilization and genetic differences of the clones significantly affected three Catalpa bungei clones′ biomass allocation pattern.The application of nitrogen exponential fertilization significantly promoted the root biomass,stem biomass,leaf biomass and total biomass accumulation of three Catalpa bungei clones,while nitrogen deficiency or excess showed negative effects to the accumulation of biomass.In August the root to shoot ratio of the same clone decreased with the increase of the amount of nitrogen.For the same treatment,the clone7080 showed higher ratio than the clone 1-4 and clone 015-1.The biomass of the clone 1-4 and clone 7080 were mainly allocated to leaves and stems,while the clone 015-1 to leaves.(3) Exponential fertilization in June and July increased three Catalpa bungei clones′ fine root lengths and surface areas,accounting for the proportion of the whole plant′root length and root surface area up to 96.99%,86.82%,93.10%,72.52%.Exponential fertilization mainly increased three Catalpa bungei clones′ volumes of roots.The fine roots,roots,and coarse roots in August increased by 36.88%,124.96%,and 154.79% compared with those in July.This helped the roots intake more nutrients in the late of exponential fertilization,thus would affected the changes in the pattern of biomass allocation of three Catalpa bungei clones.(4) The biomass parameters and root morphological parameters of three Catalpa bungei clones were closely related.After the end of the fertilization,the root biomass,aboveground biomass and total biomass were extremely positively related to root length,root surface area,root volume and root average diameter.The root-shoot ratio was significantly negatively correlated with root length,root surface area,root volume,root average diameter.The specific root length was significantly positively correlated with aboveground biomass,total biomass and significantly negatively correlated with root-shoot ratio.

An outbreak of aseptic meningitis caused by coxsackievirus A9 in Gansu, the People's Republic of China

BackgroundAn outbreak of aseptic meningitis occurred in Tianshui city of Gansu Province, the People's Republic of China, from March to June 2005. A total of 85 patients were clinical confirmed as aseptic meningitis in this outbreak.ResultsCVA9 was mainly responsible for this outbreak supported by the clinical manifestations of the patients, epidemiological data of the outbreak, the results of RT-PCR and complete VP1 sequence determination, conventional neutralization assays, IgM serological assays, viral isolation and phylogenetics analysis. Through phylogenetic analysis and homogeneity analysis for partial VP1 gene, the nucleotide and amino acid homologies between Gansu isolates and former Chinese CVA9 strains were 88.2%-96.1% and 97.2%-99.2%, respectively. Multiple transmission chains of CVA9 occurred in different provinces or years in China. Moreover, in order to clarify the genotype of CVA9, Gansu CVA9 strains isolated in this outbreak were compared with other CVA9 isolates based on VP1/2A junction regions (genotyping region) and they might belong to a new genotype of CVA9, which could be assigned for genotype XIII,ConclusionsCVA9 was confirmed as the pathogen responsible for this outbreak. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the CVA9 strains isolated in this outbreak might belong to a new genotype.

Detecting water yield variability due to the small proportional land use and land cover changes in a watershed on the Loess Plateau, China

AbstractSoil conservation practices have been widely implemented on the Loess Plateau to reduce severe soil erosion in north‐central China over the past three decades. However, the hydrologic impacts of these practices are not well documented and understood. The objective of this study was to examine how water yield has changed after implementing soil conservation practices that resulted in changes in land use and land cover in a small agriculture‐dominated watershed, the LuErGou Watershed in Tianshui City, Gansu Province, China. We collected 23 years of hydro‐meteorological data along with three land use surveys of 1982, 1989, and 2000. The land use survey in 2000 suggested that the soil conservation efforts resulted in a 16·6%, 4%, and 16% increase in area of grassland, forested land, and terraces respectively over the two periods from 1982 to 1988 (baseline) and 1989 to 2003 (soil conservation measures implemented). Rainfall–runoff regression models developed for both time periods at the annual and monthly time steps were used to examine the significance of change in water yield in the second time period. The averaged annual run‐off coefficient over 1989–2003 did not change significantly (at the α = 0·05 level) as compared to that in the period 1982–1988. However, we found that soil conservation practices that included re‐vegetation and terracing reduced water yield during wet periods. This study highlights the importance of the precipitation regime in regulating hydrologic effects of soil conservation measures in a semi‐arid environment. We concluded that adequately evaluating the effects of land use change and soil conservation measures on water yield must consider the climatic variability under an arid environment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Long‐Term Streamflow Response to Climatic Variability in the Loess Plateau, China1

Abstract: The Loess Plateau region in northwestern China has experienced severe water resource shortages due to the combined impacts of climate and land use changes and water resource exploitation during the past decades. This study was designed to examine the impacts of climatic variability on streamflow characteristics of a 12‐km2 watershed near Tianshui City, Gansu Province in northwestern China. Statistic analytical methods including Kendall’s trend test and stepwise regression were used to detect trends in relationship between observed streamflow and climatic variables. Sensitivity analysis based on an evapotranspiration model was used to detect quantitative hydrologic sensitivity to climatic variability. We found that precipitation (P), potential evapotranspiration (PET) and streamflow (Q) were not statistically significantly different (p > 0.05) over the study period between 1982 and 2003. Stepwise regression and sensitivity analysis all indicated that P was more influential than PET in affecting annual streamflow, but the similar relationship existed at the monthly scale. The sensitivity of streamflow response to variations of P and PET increased slightly with the increase in watershed dryness (PET/P) as well as the increase in runoff ratio (Q/P). This study concluded that future changes in climate, precipitation in particular, will significantly impact water resources in the Loess Plateau region an area that is already experiencing a decreasing trend in water yield.