Thyroid Hormone Profile Research Articles

Evaluation of corneal biomechanical properties on ocular response analyzer and their correlation with the clinical profile of the patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

ABSTRACT Purpose: The study evaluates the corneal biomechanical properties on Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) and aims to establish their correlation with the clinical profile of patients with TAO. Methods: A tertiary care centre-based cross-sectional observational study was conducted. Eighty patients with stage I and II TAO (EUGOGO classification), categorized as group A, were age and sex matched with 85 controls constituting group B. The disease activity was assessed using clinical activity score (CAS). The thyroid hormonal profile of within one-week duration was recorded for each patient of group A. Mean IOP-GAT (IOP using Goldmann applanation tonometer), IOPg (Goldmann-correlated IOP value), IOPcc (cornea-compensated IOP value), CRF (corneal resistance factor), and mean corneal hysteresis (CH) of group A and B were compared. The variation of CH with disease severity, activity, and thyroid status in group A was evaluated. Results: Mean GAT, IOPg, and IOPcc of group A were significantly higher than that of group B (p < .001). Mean CH of group A i.e the visco-elastic dampening ability of cornea was significantly lower than that of group B (p < .001). In group A, mean CH of patients with stage 1 disease severity and CAS<3 was significantly higher than that of patients with stage 2 severity and CAS≥3 (p < .001). CH of hyperthyroid patients was significantly lower than CH of hypothyroid patients (p < .01). Conclusion: TAO affects the biomechanical properties of the globe as reflected by the corneal biomechanics on ORA. The disease severity, activity, and hyperthyroid status are negatively correlated with the CH.

P1488RECOVERY OF LOW TRIIODOTHYRONINE CAN IMPROVE MORTALITY IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS

Abstract Background and Aims Low circulating triiodothyronine (T3) levels are the most frequently encountered thyroid functional test derangement in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on hemodialysis. Low T3 is known as independent predictive value for all-cause mortality and, particularly, for cardiovascular-related death in patients with ESRD on hemodialysis. This study investigated that recovery of low T3 level to normal can lower mortality in ESRD patients on hemodialysis. Method We have constructed the 500 K-cohort of ESRD patients attending the hemodialysis center of 6 tertiary hospitals of South Korea to evaluate the mortality of the ESRD patients since 2016. From this prospective cohort, we invited patients with ESRD from June 2016 to May 2019 The participants were divided into four groups based on the change of the T3 level: normal group showed the normal T3 continuously, low group showed the low T3 continuously, recovery group showed the low T3 change to normal and decrease group showed the normal T3 change to low. We evaluate relationships between change of the T3 level and mortality. Statistical analysis was carried out by using SPSS. Results Of the total 500 patients in K-cohort, 333 patients were enrolled with detailed thyroid hormone profile including T3 level. 167 (50.2 %) patients out of the 333 patients showed low T3 level initially. Normal group include 126 patients(37.8%), low group include 135 patients(40.5%), recovery group include 32 patients(9.6%) and decrease group include 40 patients(12.0%). Patients with the low T3 level were older and more diabetic compare to those with normal T3 level. They had lower K-MMSE score than the others, Low T3 group had lower free T4 level but thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) showed no significant different comparing normal T3 group. The mortality of normal group was lowest and that of decrease group was highest. The mortality of recovery group recovered to similar with that of the normal group and mortality of decrease group was highest. Lowering of T3 level would affect to mortality than low T3 level continuously. Conclusion Therefore, the change of T3 level is significantly associated with the mortality. Recover lower T3 to normal level can lower the mortality.

Effect of Multiple Exposure to Perfluorinated Chemicals on Thyroid Function among Adults in the US: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2008 and 2011-2012

Background and Objectives: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are known to disrupt the thyroid hormone system. However, no study has assessed the association between multiple exposure to PFASs and the thyroid hormone system. This study aimed to identify the singular effects of each PFAS and the effects of multiple exposure to PFASs on the thyroid hormone profile in a representative sample of the US population. Materials and Methods: We used data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2008 and 2011-2012. To assess the effect of simultaneous exposure to multiple PFASs on thyroid function, principal component (PC) analysis with varimax rotation was performed. Multivariate linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the effect of each PFAS and PC on thyroid function. Results: In this study, perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) was associated with a decrease in total T4 and Free T4 levels. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was associated with a decrease in total T4 level and perfluorononanoate (PFNA) and perfluorodecanoate (PFDeA) were associated with decreases in TSH levels. In PC analysis, two PCs were identified. PC1 included PFOA, PFOS, perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), PFNA and 2-(N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid with high loading. PC2 included PFNA, PFDeA, and perfluoroundecanoate (PFUA). In the multivariate linear regression analysis, PC1 showed negative correlations with total T4 and Free T4 levels, whereas PC2 showed a negative correlation with TSH level. Conclusion: We found that singular and multiple exposure to PFASs was associated with a disruption in thyroid hormone system.

Abstract #806354: A Study of Association of Serum Ferritin Level with Thyroid Hormone Profile in Patients with Hypothyroidism

Abstract #806354: A Study of Association of Serum Ferritin Level with Thyroid Hormone Profile in Patients with Hypothyroidism

Prevalence of Subclinical Hypothyrodism in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

The present study shows an association of Prevalence of Subclinical Hypothyrodism (SCH) with Myocardial Infarction (MI). 200 patients with Acute MI of Adult (age > 18 years) males and females were selected. We observed that female Patients belonging to Age group of 51-60(15.5%) were more prone to MI. Study depicts SCH were observed in 16% of MI patients and Euthyroid was observed in 84% Patients. No gender difference was noted in abnormal thyroid hormone profile in male and female group. A higher prevalence of MI was seen in age group 51-60 years in both male and female accounting for 26% and 15.5%respectively. A statistically higher prevalence of STEMI was seen in SCH and Euthyroid Patients (77.5%) as compared to NSTEMI in SCH and Euthyroid Patients (22.5%). Physicians should be encouraged to educate the people about the risks of diabetes, hypertension and smoking. Furthermore, abnormal thyroid status increases risk of coronary artery disease and cardiovascular mortality affecting ventricular function, serum cholesterol levels, and heart rate and rhythm.

Lack of Influence of Thyroid Hormone on Bone Mineral Density and Body Composition in Healthy Euthyroid Women.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether evolution of bone mineral density (BMD) is associated with the thyroid hormone profile in a cohort of euthyroid women with no other known diseases within 1 year.Methods: This was a prospective cohort study conducted at the University of Campinas, Brazil. We used a database with 52 women aged 20–39 who were followed for 1 year in a family planning outpatient clinic. The inclusion criteria were body mass index (BMI) <30 kg/m2, no known diseases/medication use, fasting glucose <100 mg/dl, and 2 h glucose after a 75 g oral glucose load <140 mg/dl. The women were divided into groups of normal weight (n = 30) and overweight (n = 22). The main outcomes were BMD measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and thyroid hormone profile (thyrotropin TSH, free triiodothyronine FT3, free thyroxine FT4, and T3/T4 ratio); other variables were body composition (DXA), calcium metabolism markers, and life habits. We used a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple regression analyses to evaluate associations.Results: At the baseline data collection, overweight women showed a higher T3/T4 ratio, leptin, calcium, BMD in the lumbar spine and total femur, total mass, mass, and percentage of fat mass than normal weight women. At 12 months, both groups had increased FT4, calcium, ALP, femoral neck BMD, and total mass by time effect. The normal weight group presented a decrease of vitamin D when compared to the baseline. Increased BMD of the femoral neck was associated with moderate coffee intake, and as such, there were no associations found between this increase and the thyroid hormone profile. Leptin and ALP were associated with total mass variation, while leptin and PTH were associated with fat mass variation. The normal BMI was inversely associated with the variation of total mass, mass, and percentage of fat mass, and engaging in regular physical activity was inversely associated with fat mass variation.Conclusions: In this sample of euthyroid healthy women who were both normal weight and overweight, the thyroid hormone profile was not associated with variations in bone mineral density and body composition after a 1 year follow-up.

Morphological spectrum of endometrium with thyroid hormone profile in infertile female population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

Objectives:To study the morphological spectrum of endometrial changes with the thyroid hormone levels in infertile women.Methods:This cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Pathology, Peshawar Medical College, Health Care Centre and Madina Medical Laboratory, Peshawar from April 2013 to August 2013. Total 160 cases of infertile women were included in the study. Biopsies were taken on 22-23rd day of menstrual cycle. Statistical Analysis was performed using SPSS version 19 statistical program. Difference between endometrial findings of patients with normal thyroid profile and abnormal one were analyzed for statistical significance using Chi square test. Probability values p ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results:In our study, majority infertile women were euthyroid (80%), followed by hyperthyroid (18%) and only two% to be hypothyroid. The correlation of endometrial morphology with thyroid hormones levels turned out to be insignificant. While correlating histological details of endometrial biopsy with thyroid hormone status, we found significant association of leukocytic infiltrate with thyroid hormone levels.Conclusion:This study shows that thyroid hormones may have role in early leukocytic infiltration into stroma, and a possibility of immune modulation by altered thyroid hormones in causing infertility.

Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Thyroid Autoimmunity among Subjects of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in a Coastal Province of India: A Randomized Open-label Trial.

Objective:Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a variant of autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITD) which has been associated with vitamin D (vit-D) deficiency. However, whether vit-D supplementation is linked to reduction of thyroid autoantibodies and improvement of thyroid function is not well characterized. The present study was planned to evaluate the effect of vit-D supplementation on possible improvement of thyroid autoantibody titer and thyroid hormone profile in patients with AITD subjects.Methods:Twenty-three patients of HT were given weekly supplementation of 60,000 IU vit-D for 8 weeks followed by once a month for another 4 months. After 6 months of vit-D supplementation, thyroid autoantibody titer (TPO antibody) and thyroid hormone profile was rechecked.Results:Mean serum vit-D was increased significantly from 15.33 ± 5.71 to 41.22 ± 12.24 ng/mL (normal levels) after supplementation. There was significant increase in thyroid autoantibody titre (from 746.8 ± 332.2 to 954.1 ±4 59.8 IU/ml; P = 0.006) and TSH level (7.23 ± 3.16 to 3.04 ± 2.62 (mIU/L); P = 0.01) following 6 months of vit-D supplementation.Conclusion:Vitamin-D levels were low in AITD patients in eastern India and, its supplementation in HT patients increased thyroid antibody titer and there was significant reduction in serum TSH and increased in free T4.

Thyroid hormones profile among obese pregnant Sudanese women

Previous studies evaluating thyroid function among obese pregnant women failed to demonstrate a consistent pattern of thyroid hormones profile, probably due to the variations in biological/environmental determinants of thyroid function in different countries. The aim of the study was to evaluate thyroid hormones profile in Sudanese pregnant women with varying degrees of obesity. Obstetric/sociodemographic characteristics were gathered from 178 singleton pregnant Sudanese women using questionnaires. Weight and height were measured; body mass index (BMI) was calculated and categorized into four groups: Underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m2), and obese (≥30 kg/m2). Free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxin (FT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured. Of the 178 enrolled women, 9 (5.1%), 52 (29.2%), 73 (41.0%), and 44 (24.7%) were underweight, normal BMI, overweight, and obese, respectively. FT3 level was significantly higher in obese women compared with normal BMI (P=0.004) as well as overweight women (P=0.015). Higher FT3 levels were significantly associated with obesity (odds ratio [OR]=9.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] =3.1-29.0, P<0.001). Lower levels of FT4 were significantly associated with overweight (OR=0.06, 95% CI=0.007-0.58, P=0.015) and obesity (OR=0.048, 95% CI=0.004-0.5, P=0.018). Based on linear regression analysis, BMI was positively associated with FT3 (4.7 pmol/l, P<0.001) and negatively associated with FT4 (-8.26 pmol/l, P=0.001). BMI correlates with FT3 differently compared to FT4. Pregnant women with higher BMI are likely to have higher levels of FT3, but lower FT4. In contrast, TSH levels were comparable in different BMI groups. Increased iodothyronine 5´deiodinase (5´D) activity associated with obesity may give an explanation for thyroid profile in those with higher BMI. High 5´ activity increases FT3 at the expense of FT4. Alternatively, high FT3 and low FT4 are expected to feedback differently on TSH, which explains the loss of positive correlation between BMI and TSH.

The Impact of Antiepileptic Drugs on Thyroid Function in Children with Epilepsy: New Versus Old.

To investigate the effects of traditional antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) versus newer AEDs on the thyroid hormone profile of children with epilepsy. A total of 80 children with epilepsy were included in this study and were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 40 children with epilepsy on traditional AEDs, and group 2 included 40 children with epilepsy on newer AEDs. Forty healthy children were also included as the control group (group 3). We analyzed the serum levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). In epileptic children treated with traditional drugs, there was a significant reduction in the serum level of FT4 and a significant increase in TSH concentration, compared to the control group (P<0.001). Conversely, epileptic children treated with newer AEDs showed no significant changes in the serum concentrations of FT3, FT4, and TSH, compared to the control group. Traditional AEDs have more significant effects on thyroid hormone profile, compared to newer AEDs.

Evaluation of Thyroid Hormone Profile in Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

Evaluation of Thyroid Hormone Profile in Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

Correlation of Serum Prolactin and Thyroid Hormone in Female Infertility

Background: Infertility is a growing problem with adverse medical, social and psychological consequences globally. Apart from several causes of infertility, hormonal imbalance especially thyroid dysfunction and hyperprolactinemia can lead to female infertility. Both these conditions are treatable so Proper management of hormonal imbalance can result in restoration of normal fertility.&#x0D; Aims and objectives: Correlation of serum Prolactin and Thyroid hormone in female infertility.&#x0D; Materials and methods: Descriptive hospital based study was conducted at Nepalgunj medical college and teaching hospital, Nepalgunj, Banke, Nepal. The data was collected from September 2018 to August 2019. Total 30 cases of females of primary and secondary infertility attending outpatient department of gynecology department of Nepalgunj medical college were included in the study. A detailed history and clinical evaluation was done along with estimation of serum Prolactin and Thyroid hormone profile.&#x0D; Result: Hormonal status of subjects showed 15 i.e. 50% participants were thyroid whereas 11 (36.33%) were hypothyroid and 4 (13.33%) were hyperthyroid. Serum Prolactin was raised in 17 (57%) and normal in 13 (43%). Serum TSH and prolactin were found to be significantly positively correlated in female infertility (r=0.507, p =0.004).&#x0D; Conclusion: There is a high incidence of hyperprolactinaemia and thyroid dysfunction in female infertility.

Experimental hypothyroidism in adult male rats: the effects of Artemisia dracunculus aqueous extract on serum thyroid hormones, lipid profile, leptin, adiponectin, and antioxidant factors

Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder that influences body weight and several aspects of energy metabolism. Today, herbal medicine is focused on the treatment of diseases, especially endocrine disorders. Artemisia dracunculus (Tarragon) is a member of the Asteraceae (Compositae) family. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of Artemisia dracunculus aqueous extract on serum thyroid hormones, lipid profile, leptin, adiponectin, and antioxidant factors in adult male rats with propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroidism. Forty-eight mature male Albino Wistar rats were housed in standard cages. Hypothyroidism was induced in the rats by the administration of PTU in drinking water to a final concentration of 500 mg/L. This study lasted for 90 days. The animals were divided into six experimental groups (eight rats per each group): (1) normal control; (2) hypothyroid rats + levothyroxine, as positive control (4 μg/100 g/day); (3) hypothyroid rats, as negative control; (4) hypothyroid rats + tarragon aqueous extract (100 mg/kg); (5) hypothyroid rats + tarragon aqueous extract (200 mg/kg); and (6) hypothyroid rats + tarragon aqueous extract (300 mg/kg). Blood samples were obtained using cardiac puncture. In blood samples, thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine (T3), free triiodothyronine (fT3), thyroxine (T4), and free thyroxine (fT4)), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), leptin, adiponectin, antioxidant elements (malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione (GSH)), and lipid profile (triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)) were measured. The serum level of thyroid hormones (T3, fT3, T4, and fT4) decreased in the negative control group compared to the normal control group, but the tarragon extract improved their levels. The levels of fT3 and fT4 were higher in 300 mg/kg tarragon treatment (P 0.05). The tarragon extract increased the TAC level at dose 200 mg/kg and the GSH level in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The MDA level decreased in the negative control rats, and high dose of tarragon treatment decreased the MDA level compare to the normal control group. The tarragon extract increased the lipid profile. In conclusion, the tarragon aqueous extract could improve thyroid hormones profile in hypothyroidism. Thus, it could be used as co-treatment for hypothyroidism, but further studies are needed to confirm these data.

PSXIII-15 Thyroid and biochemical profiles during the prepartum and postpartum periods in the blood of primiparous dairy cows with various reproductive abilities

Abstract The metabolic status of dairy cows prior to and after calving can be of great importance for their subsequent reproductive performance. The current research was aimed to compare prepartum and postpartum biochemical and thyroid profiles in dairy cows with different reproductive abilities during the first lactation. Blood samples from 44 Russian Black Pied cows were collected 8, 6, 4, and 2 weeks before calving and 2 and 7 weeks after calving. The cows were divided into three groups: (1) animals with short open days period (&amp;lt; 125 days; SOP, n = 12), (2) animals with long open days period (&amp;gt;125 days; LOP, n = 21), and (3) animals remaining non-pregnant for 1 year after calving (NPR, n = 11). Serum components were measured using a biochemical analyzer and hormonal levels were determined by ELISA. Specific differences between the compared groups in alterations of some biochemical indices, especially the activity of alanine transaminase (ALT) and the content of triglycerides (TG), were found. The ALT activity reduced 1.3–1.5 times (P &amp;lt; 0.05) from the 4th week before calving to the 2nd week after calving in LOP cows and did not change in SOP and NPR cows. In the SOP group, the serum content of TG increased 1.7 fold (P &amp;lt; 0.05) between the 8th and 2nd week prepartum and then declined 1.5 fold (P &amp;lt; 0.05) by the 2nd week postpartum, whereas it was invariable during this period in the LOP and NPR groups. Besides, free thyroxine (T4) and free triiodothyronine (T3) levels four weeks prepartum were 1.2 times lower (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in the blood of LOP cows than SOP cows. Thus, modified prepartum profiles of ALT, triglycerides and free thyroid hormones are associated with the elongation of open days period in primiparous dairy cows. The study was supported by Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education (0445-2019-0025).

Ectopic pituitary adenoma of the TSH-secreting sphenoidal sinus with excellent response to somatostatin analogs. Theory of the embryogenesis and literature review from a clinical case

Ectopic thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas are rare, with only 10 published cases. We report the case of a 52-year-old woman who was referred for primary hypothyroidism, who showed clinical signs of hyperthyroidism and had been under treatment with levothyroxine. Her exams revealed high levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), at odds with free thyroxin (FT4) and raised triiodothyronine (T3), which remained elevated after medication suspension, suggesting possible central hyperthyroidism. Sellar MRI showed normal pituitary gland, with a mass in the sphenoid sinus of 24 mm. A possible ectopic TSH secreting pituitary tumor of sphenoid sinus was hypothesized. After a intramuscularly (IM) single dose of a sustained-relase of a somatostatin analog (octreotide) 20 mg, plasma levels of thyroid hormones were normalized and a significant tumor reduction was demonstrated in MRI control at 7-weeks’ follow-up. The tumor was removed by transsphenoidal endoscopy, and the biopsy confirmed an adenoma with positive immunostaining for TSH and GH. Hyperthyroidism recurrence was observed in hormonal controls 4 weeks after surgery. Treatment with sustained-release octreotide was reinitiated, every 60-days for two years, with normalization of the thyroid hormone profile, but with a residual lesion with the appearance of a tumor in the MRI. A second tumor resection was performed, achieving sustained hormonal cure and no residual tumor lesion at 2-years’ follow-up. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an ectopic thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma of the sphenoid sinus. Clinical and laboratory aspects relevant to this entity are reviewed, emphasizing the usefulness of octreotide in the management of the reported case.

Bisphenol A levels among workers in plastic processing industry and their relations to thyroid hormones

Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in plastic processing industry. A cross sectional study was conducted to measure BPA levels in the serum of workers as a biomarker of occupational exposure, investigate the thyroid hormone profile among BPA exposed workers, and identify the relation between occupational exposure to BPA and thyroid hormones during. Our data indicates that the studied workers had higher BPA level than that reported for the Egyptian general population, with median serum level of 15.6 ng/ml and ranged from 1.6 - 62.9 ng/ml while the interquartile range was 16.3 ng/ml, the highest concentration was among the workers of recycling followed by squeegees and PVC departments. As regards thyroid hormones, almost one third of the studied workers had abnormal TSH levels and 12.2% had abnormal T4 levels. According to TSH and T4 levels, 64.4% of the studied workers had normal thyroid function and 35.6% was suffering from subclinical hypothyroidism. There was no statistical significant correlation between BPA levels and subclinical hypothyroidism. However, our data reported a significant positive correlation between thyroid hormoneT3 and serum BPA concentrations. As agonist or antagonist, BPA could bind to the thyroid hormone receptors indicating that remarkable endocrine disruption.

A study on evaluation of solitary nodular thyroid lesions by FNAC and its histopathological correlation

Background: Solitary nodular enlargement of thyroid is one of the common indications for surgical excision. Since most of the nodules are benign, symptomless, normal thyroid hormone profile, they do not require excision. This study was done to evaluate the utility of FNAC as a rapid diagnostic method in various thyroid lesions and guide the clinician for further treatment.&#x0D; Objective: This main objective of the study to evaluate the cyto-histopathological findings, and the accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) procedure in solitary nodular thyroid lesions.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: This prospective study comprises total 160 cases with thyroid lesions referred to cytopathology laboratory and gland morphology studied by ultrasonography (USG). Based on ultrasonography report Fine Needle Aspiration were done manually or guided and aspirated material fixed on fixative and stained to examine.&#x0D; Results: Age incidence varied from 10-80 yrs. The commonest age group affected was 21-40 yrs. The ratio of male to female was 1:2.2. The duration of symptoms ranged from 10 days to 15 years. Maximum number of cases presented with midline swelling of the neck. On cytology 52 (32.5%) cases were diagnosed as colloid goiter, 46 (28.75%) as colloid goiter with cystic change, 16(10%) as thyroiditis - among them 6(3.75%) as granulomatous thyroiditis, 8(5%) as lymphocytic thyroiditis, 2(1.25%) as dequervain thyroiditis, 10 (6.25%) as follicular neoplasm, 2(1.25%) as hurthle cell adenoma, 5(3.3%) as papillary carcinoma, 2 (1.25%) as medullary carcinoma, 1(0.33%) anaplastic carcinoma and 1(0.33%) NHL as suspicious smear. Histopathological examination was possible in 60 cases. The overall sensitivity was 90.2%, specificity was 98.2% and accuracy was 97.1%.&#x0D; Conclusion: FNAC is a rapid, efficient, cost-effective, relatively painless procedure and produces a early result with a high diagnostic accuracy. It has high rates of sensitivity and specificity to diagnose the solitary thyroid lesions and thereby it is an important diagnostic tool and further management of patients with thyroid lesions.&#x0D; Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(4) 2019 p.789-795

Solitary thyroid nodule: an overview of one year study at a tertiary care hospital

Background: Thyroid nodules are a common finding in general practice. These nodules are either solitary or multinodular. In the present study thorough evaluation of all the cases presenting with a solitary thyroid nodule (STN) is done. The clear overview of prevalence of STN, associated risk factors, its distribution and its percentage of malignancy, clinic-pathological correlation and findings on ultra-sonogram.Methods: A one year cross sectional study at a tertiary care hospital was done after ethical committee approval. All cases of thyroid with solitary thyroid nodule were included and socio demographic data, clinical examination and USG data was noted. Thyroid hormone profile, FNAC and HPE was performed for every case enrolled and data was noted. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.Results: 350 cases were enrolled with 44.42% prevalence and 61.43% were females. Maximum age group was 31-40 years with swelling as the most common sign. 81.14% were euthyroid, 6.3% of cases had lymph node involvement. Micro calcification in 69.7% of nodules and 78.65 were solid. 40.3% of the STN were of colloid on FNAC and 6% were malignant. Malignancy on HPE was 14.6% and papillary carcinoma was the most commonest and follicular least.Conclusions: All cases of STN require a thorough clinical approach supported by ultra-sonogram, FNAC and detailed HPE after surgery for evaluation of benign and malignant lesions. Fine needle aspiration cytology has become an invaluable, minimally invasive and reliable tool in the preoperative assessment of patients with suspicion of malignancy.

STUDY OF THE RISK FACTORS FOR CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH THYROID HORMONE PROFILE AMONGST WOMEN WITH ST SEGMENT ELEVATION IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Background: To assess risk factors for coronary artery disease and their correlation with thyroid hormone profile amongst women with ST segment elevation in acute myocardial infarction.&#x0D; Method: A total number of 78 females having ST elevation myocardial infarction diagnosed through detailed clinical history and ECG evaluations were included after they satisfy the eligibility criteria. Patients were subsequently evaluated for presence of risk factors of ischemic heart disease such age, marital status, parity, and menopause, use of oral contraceptives, family history, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Their thyroid hormone profiles (T3, T4, TSH) were done and were correlated with risk factors for ischemic heart disease.&#x0D; Result: A total 78 patient included in the study. Most of the study population belongs to the age group of 40 to 50 years (43.6 %). Hypertension was the most common clinical features amongst study population (59%) followed by Diabetes (50%). most of the study population had Normal Thyroid status (57.69%) followed by Hypothyroidism (25.64%) and Hyperthyroidism (16.67%). and SERUM TSH is the most sensitive test for evaluation. Diabetes Mellitus was statistically significant risk factor (p value &lt;0.05) in patients with STEMI with different levels of thyroid.&#x0D; Conclusion: Patients with coronary artery disease especially in the presence of other risk factors should be screened for diabetes and also for thyroid dysfunction as in our study cases of Hypothyroidism was seen in 25.64% of the population under study. Hence it can be postulated that hypothyroidism may be a predictor for myocardial injury in STEMI. Here we recommend that tests for thyroid disorders in acute coronary syndrome can give predictor for risk of morbidity and mortality in those subjects.&#x0D; These results also may warrant further larger study to investigate whether reversing the hypothyroidism could benefit the STEMI patients.&#x0D; Keywords: STEMI- ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, MI- Myocardial Infarction, Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism, TSH- Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

In primary care, is measuring free-thyroxine plus thyroid-stimulating hormone to detect hypopituitarism cost-effective? A cost utility analysis using Markov chain models

ObjectiveWe examined whether it is cost-effective to measure free thyroxine (FT4) in addition to thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)) on all requests for thyroid function tests from primary care on adult...