Thrust Ripple Reduction Research Articles

Thrust Ripple Reduction of Dual-Side Toroidal-Winding Linear Permanent Magnet Vernier Machine by Unequal End-Teeth Width

The linear permanent magnet vernier machines have attracted more and more attention last several years due to its high thrust density at low speed, which is very suitable for the direct-drive applications. A dual-side toroidal-winding linear permanent magnet vernier machine (DSTWLPMVM) with the unequal end-teeth width is proposed in this paper to reduce the detent force and thrust ripple. The low detent force in DSTWLPMVM is achieved by combination of two single-side detent forces with the opposite phase angle, which is obtained by optimizing the unequal end-teeth width of the primary two-sides. In the proposed machine, the symmetry three-phase flux linkage of the toroidal winding also can be obtained by optimizing the unequal end-teeth width. Therefore, the low thrust ripple of DSTWLPMVM is achieved by optimizing the unequal end-teeth width for obtaining the low detent force and symmetry three-phase flux linkage. The vertical magnetic force in the proposed LPMVM is also considered by finite element analysis (FEA) in this paper. Via optimizing the unequal end-teeth width, the detent force is reduced by 90% while the peak-to-peak thrust ripple is reduced by 69% than that of DSTWLPMVM with the equal end-teeth width, respectively. In this paper, the thermal and PM demagnetization behavior of the proposed machine are also analyzed by FEA.

Thrust Ripple Reduction in Linear Switched-Flux Machines via Additional Pole Optimisation

Linear switched-flux machines are a kind of permanent magnet machine with a passive ferromagnetic secondary. Therefore, they can achieve both a good performance and a low cost in long stroke applications. However, due to the end effect, these machines generate high detent force and on load thrust force ripples. There are several solutions in the literature that aim to minimise the thrust ripple. One of those solutions is the placement of additional poles in the ends of the machine. These can be passive, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i. e.</i> simple ferromagnetic teeth, or active, with additional magnets. The former is the most common solution in the literature. In this article, the optimal configuration of the additional poles is discussed via 4 additional pole sizing strategies, and the influence of the design variables and optimisation objectives is analysed. Then, a generic additional pole configuration is proposed, which combines a high effectiveness and a simple design. Finally, an experimental validation is carried out, and the measurements confirm the results from the optimisation.

Shape Optimization of Discontinuous Armature Arrangement PMLSM for Reduction of Thrust Ripple

The aim of this paper is to present the optimal design process and an optimized model for a discontinuous armature arrangement permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM). The stator tooth shapes are optimized to reduce detent force. When the shape of the stator is changed to reduce the detent force, the saturation magnetic flux density and the back electromotive force characteristics change. Multi-objective optimization is used to search for the local lowest point that can improve the detent force, saturation magnetic flux density, and back EMF characteristics. To reduce the detent force generated at the outlet edge, a trapezoidal auxiliary tooth was installed and the performance was analyzed. The experiment’s response surface methodology is used as an optimization method and all the experimental samples are obtained from finite-element analysis. The validity of this method is verified by comparing the optimized FEA model to the initial FEA model.

Thrust Ripple Reduction of Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor Based on Improved Pole Shape for Electromagnetic Launcher System

Thrust Ripple Reduction of Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor Based on Improved Pole Shape for Electromagnetic Launcher System

Modeling and Analyzing a Novel Dual-Flux-Modulation Consequent-Pole Linear Permanent-Magnet Machine

A novel dual-flux-modulation consequent-pole linear permanent-magnet (DFM-CP-LPM) machine is proposed in this paper, which can be regarded as the combination of a linear flux-switching PM machine and a linear vernier PM machine. Via two sets of interoperable PMs mounted on both the primary and the secondary, the proposed machine can work in a dual-flux-modulation mode, achieving higher thrust density. Meanwhile, the consequent-pole structure is introduced, reducing approximately half of the PM usage compared to a conventional surface-mounted linear PM vernier machine (LPMVM), which will greatly reduce the cost. In this paper, the configuration and the operation principle of the novel DFM-CP-LPM are presented. Then the optimization and several thrust ripple reduction methods are introduced to improve the performance of the machine. Thermal analysis is also carried out to check the demagnetization risk of primary PMs, due to the heat from coils. Finally, the proposed machine is compared to a conventional LPMVM and a consequent-pole linear vernier permanent magnet machine with only PMs set on the secondary. The results verify the superiority of the proposed DFM-CP-LPM.

Thrust Ripple Reduction in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Linear Motor Based on Tuned Viscoelastic Damper

This paper focuses on the thrust ripple reduction in permanent magnet synchronous linear motors (PMSLMs), which are applied to laser cutting machines. To meet the high-precision performance requirements of laser cutting machines, a novel auxiliary suppression device, tuned viscoelastic damper (TVD), is designed to reduce the thrust ripple of PMSLM. First, TVD is designed with the structure and motion characteristics of PMSLM. The PMSLM with TVD is an integrated structure. Then, the equivalent magnetization method is used to analyze the PMSLM thrust, which is the excitation of TVD. Under the excitation of the PMSLM thrust, the damping force of TVD is expressed by the Kelvin model and validated by finite-element analysis (FEA). Subsequently, the thrust of PMSLM with TVD is obtained by adding the PMSLM thrust and TVD damping force. Finally, the thrust ripple rate is selected as a performance index of TVD in reducing the thrust ripple. Simulation is performed to confirm the theoretical analysis. A prototype of PMSLM with TVD is manufactured and experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed auxiliary suppression device.

Study on the FEA model of the linear pulse motor for railway application and reduction of thrust ripple

Study on the FEA model of the linear pulse motor for railway application and reduction of thrust ripple

Magnet pole shape design for reduction of thrust ripple of slotless permanent magnet linear synchronous motor with arc-shaped magnets considering end-effect based on analytical method

The shape of the magnet is essential to the performance of a slotless permanent magnet linear synchronous machine (PMLSM) because it is directly related to desirable machine performance. This paper presents a reduction in the thrust ripple of a PMLSM through the use of arc-shaped magnets based on electromagnetic field theory. The magnetic field solutions were obtained by considering end effect using a magnetic vector potential and two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. The analytical solution of each subdomain (PM, air-gap, coil, and end region) is derived, and the field solution is obtained by applying the boundary and interface conditions between the subdomains. In particular, an analytical method was derived for the instantaneous thrust and thrust ripple reduction of a PMLSM with arc-shaped magnets. In order to demonstrate the validity of the analytical results, the back electromotive force results of a finite element analysis and experiment on the manufactured prototype model were compared. The optimal point for thrust ripple minimization is suggested.

Optimal Design for Thrust Ripple Reduction of Stationary Distributed-Armature System

Although the initial cost of permanent-magnet linear synchronous motors is high owing to the installation of armatures over the full length of the transportation lines, linear motors are useful for transportation systems because of their high speed, acceleration, and deceleration. For these reasons, research into reducing the cost of linear motors is necessary, and a stationary distributed-armature system has been suggested for installing armatures in sections where acceleration and deceleration of the mover are required. However, each armature has ends that significantly increase the cogging force, resulting in the increase in the thrust ripple of the mover. Therefore, in order to improve the thrust ripple of the system, the present study aims to provide auxiliary teeth on both ends of the armature to achieve an optimal design through an analysis of the contribution ratio with respect to factors regarding the design of the experiment and the objective function.

Study on Thrust Improvement and Ripple Suppression of HTS Linear Switched Reluctance Motor with Coreless HTS Excitation Windings

This paper describes a linear switched reluctance motor (LSRM) in which HTS tapes are used for coreless excitation windings in order to reduce the thrust ripple and normal force. This LSRM consists of a mover with saliency structure, coreless HTS coils and a stator back yoke. In this paper, we first describe the operating principle of the HTS-LSRM. Next, we calculate performances of the HTS-LSRM using 3-D FEM analysis. The effects of the motor structure on the thrust characteristic and normal force characteristics are clarified from the numerical results. Furthermore, we investigate the motor structure for thrust improvement, thrust ripple and normal force reduction.

Implementation of Thrust Ripple Reduction for a Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor Using an Adaptive Feed Forward Controller

This paper focuses on the analysis and compensation of thrust ripples in permanent magnet linear synchronous motors (PMLSM). The main drawback in PMLSMs is the presence of thrust ripples, which are mainly due to the interaction between the permanent magnets and armature slotted core. These thrust ripples reduce the performance of the drive system in high precision applications especially at low speeds. This paper analyzes thrust ripples using the discrete wavelet transform. These undesired thrust ripples are compensated by using an adaptive feed forward controller. It is observed that this novel controller reduces about 65 percent of the thrust ripples. An extensive simulation is performed through MATLAB and it is validated through experimental results using a d-SPACE system with a DS1104 control board.

Thrust Ripple Reduction in Ultrahigh-Acceleration Moving-Permanent-Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor

This paper describes thrust ripple reduction in an ultrahigh-acceleration moving-permanent-magnet linear synchronous motor (MPM LSM). The pole pitch of the permanent magnet (PM) is adjusted to reduce thrust ripple because this technique is effective and is easily applicable for many design procedures of PM LSMs. However, in addition to reducing the thrust ripple, this adjustment affects parameters such as the number of driving phases, the average thrust, the mover mass, and the working range. These parameters influence the performance and the usability of linear motors. In this study, the PM pole pitch of an MPM LSM is adjusted. The MPM LSM produces an average thrust of 4030 N, but the ratio of the peak-to-peak thrust ripple to the average thrust exceeds 80%. The influences on the properties of the MPM LSM are numerically investigated and discussed. The PM pole pitch of the MPM LSM is determined based on the numerical analysis and an improved mover whose pitch was numerically determined is fabricated. The improved mover has a light frame and 18 PMs for realizing a high thrust-to-mover mass ratio (thrust per mover mass). The experimental results demonstrate that the improved MPM LSM can generate 4.56 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> N with a peak-to-peak thrust ripple of 7.04%.

Analytical Modeling and Design Optimization of Linear Synchronous Motor With Stair-Step-Shaped Magnetic Poles for Electromagnetic Launch Applications

In this paper, a stair-step-shaped magnetic pole structure is proposed to use in a permanent-magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) for its application in an electromagnetic launch system. The aim of this configuration is to shape the air-gap flux density distribution produced by poles to be as close to a sine waveform as possible for the reduction of thrust ripple and the increase of motor controllability. An analytical model is derived for the PMLSMs by solving Maxwell equations and applying the superposition theorem for calculating the magnetic field, electromotive force, and thrust/torque of the motor. Magnet dimensions are then optimized using the analytical method and genetic algorithm, where the reduction of air-gap flux density harmonics is considered as the optimization target. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed technique to enhance the motor performance is investigated by a time-stepping transient finite-element method. The results show an improvement in the optimal motor performance.

Analysis and Design of Double-Sided Air Core Linear Servo Motor With Trapezoidal Permanent Magnets

In order to reduce the thrust ripple of linear servo system, a double-sided air core permanent magnet linear servo motor with trapezoidal shape permanent magnets (TDAPMLSM) is proposed in this paper. An analytical model of the motor for predicting the magnetic field in the air-gap at no-load is introduced. This model is derived based on the equivalent magnetization intensity method, and its accuracy is validated by using the results obtained from the finite-element method. The key dimensions that affect the air-gap magnetic field are analyzed based on the analytical model, and the design is optimized by using genetic algorithm. A thrust ripple reduction of 70.6% is achieved by optimization. The proposed analytical model may be used for a quick and reliable design and design optimization of the TDAPMLSM.

Mover design and simulation of linear synchronous motor with half‐wave‐rectified self‐excitation

AbstractThis paper presents a design method for a linear synchronous motor with half‐wave‐rectified self‐excitation; this method enables the construction of a motor with small thrust ripple. The mover of the motor is designed to be asymmetrical in order to reduce the thrust ripple. First, we design the configuration of the asymmetrical mover and the field winding of the mover by using the finite element method and a characteristic equation. The asymmetrical mover is built, and the thrust ripple reduction is verified by experiments. Next, the linear synchronous motor is modeled using a circuit simulator in order to confirm its high‐speed performance. The operation characteristics are clarified by simulation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 175(1): 43–52, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21051

Pole-shape optimization of permanent-magnet linear synchronous motor for reduction of thrust ripple

In this paper, we have used magnet arc shaping technique in order to improve the performance of permanent-magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM). At first, a detailed analytical modeling based on Maxwell equations is presented for the analysis and design of PMLSM with the arc-shaped magnetic poles (ASMPs). Then the accuracy of presented method is verified by finite-element method. Very close agreement between the analytical and finite-element results shows the effectiveness of the proposed method. Finally, a magnet shape design is carried out based on the analytical method to enhance the motor developed thrust. Pertinent evaluations on the optimal design performance demonstrate that shape optimization leads to a design with extra low thrust ripple.

Principle and basic characteristics of linear synchronous motor with half‐wave rectified self excitation

AbstractThis paper presents the principle and basic characteristics of a novel linear synchronous motor based on “half‐wave rectified self excitation principle.” The field winding is short circuited through a diode and the armature winding consists of conventional three‐phase windings. If the amplitude of the balance three‐phase currents is modulated by an alternating wave with bias frequency, the produced magnetomotive force pulsates at the bias frequency and moves at the synchronous velocity. This pulsating magnetomotive force induces the electromotive force with a bias frequency in the field winding. The field excitation is obtained by rectifying the electromotive force with the diode in the field winding. In this paper, the authors design and build an experimental machine and confirm its basic characteristics. They also deduce the performance equations and investigate the thrust ripple reduction. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(1): 82–90, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www. interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20684

Mover Design and Simulation of Linear Synchronous Motor with Half-Wave-Rectified Self Excitation

This paper presents a design method for a linear synchronous motor with half-wave-rectified self excitation; this method enables the construction of a motor with small thrust ripple. The mover of the motor is designed to be asymmetrical for reducing the thrust ripple. First, we design the structure of the asymmetrical mover and the field winding of the mover by using the finite element method and a characteristic equation. The asymmetrical mover is built, and the thrust ripple reduction is verified by performing experiments. Next, the linear synchronous motor is modeled using a circuit simulator in order to confirm its high-speed performance. The operation characteristics are clarified by performing a simulation.

Principle and Basic Characteristics of Linear Synchronous Motor with Half-Wave Rectified Self Excitation

This paper presents principle and basic characteristics of a novel linear synchronous motor based on “half-wave rectified self excitation principle”. The field winding is short circuited through a diode and the armature winding is conventional 3-pahase windings. If the amplitude of the balanced 3-phase currents is modulated by an alternating wave with bias frequency, the produced magnetomotive force pulsates at bias frequency and moves at synchronous velocity. This pulsating magnetomotive force induces the electromotive force with bias frequency in the field winding. The field excitation is obtained by rectifying the electromotive force with the diode of the field winding. In this paper, we design and build the experimental machine and confirm the basic characteristics. We also deduce the performance equations and investigate on the thrust ripple reduction.

Design and dynamic analysis of permanent magnet linear synchronous machine for servoapplication

In servosystem demanding precision dynamic characteristics, application of the permanent magnet linear synchronous machines (PMLSMs) has an advantage of analysis convenience by simple geometry and thrust ripple reduction from the sinusoidal back electromotive force and excited stator. Therefore, this paper presents the design of surface-mounted PMLSM with a slotless iron-cored stator according to coil turns to satisfy the rate thrust. Also, from the dynamic analysis for servoapplication of manufactured motor with heavy mass, we offer an accurate range of the dc link voltage and acceleration in rate speed. This is applied to speed reference profile considering the system characteristics in total length of moving position.