Blood Thrombocytes Research Articles

Thrombocytes and pulmonary vascular resistance during hemorrhagic hypotension.

AbstractProlonged hemorrhagic hypotension can induce an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). In anesthetized cats with open chests and with positive pressure ventilation aortic blood flow, pulmonary arterial‐, left atrial‐ and femoral arterial pressures were recorded. Eight animals were bled until the mean arterial pressure was 50 nun Hg and this level was main tained for 3 hrs by further bleeding and/or small retransfusions. The animals were then retransfused. Another group of 5 animals were made thrombocytopenic by shunting their blood through a column of glassbeads. These animals were then bled in the same way and kept hypotensive for the same period of time.During hypotension PVR in the first group increased gradually and by 370 per cent (mean value). In the thrombocytopenic group PVR increased only by 125 per cent (mean value) (P<0.01). The number of thrombocytes in arterial blood in the former group of animals decreased gradually by 37 per cent during the hypotensive period. Only in 2 of the 8 animals in this group did examination with light microscopy reveal scattered thrombocyte aggregates in small pulmonary vessels.The thrombocytes thus seem to be involved in the development of increased PVR during hemorrhagic hypotension. The fact that intravascular thrombocyte aggregates were not general ly found may indicate that the thrombocytes act by other mechanisms than by simple vascular obstruction alone.

The effect of endotoxins on frog blood and survival time at several ambient temperatures.

SummaryTreatment of frogs with any of three endotoxins resulted in more rapid deaths at 30 and at 37° and a decrease in blood thrombocytes. The frogs were unaffected by bacterial endotoxin at 5 and at 20° at doses of 1 through 30 mg, and repeated injections at a 2-week interval were equally without effect. Other than thrombocytes, the formed elements of the blood were unchanged after endotoxin treatment.

Thrombotic Angiitis and Congenital Asplenia

THE SPLEEN has a well-known role in the regulation of blood thrombocyte levels, and its absence may contribute to the occurrence of recurrent infections, as cited by Smith et al 1 and Finland. 2 We have recently cared for a middle-aged man with congenital absence of the spleen, who had pneumonia, an acute inflammatory aortic-arch syndrome, and multiple arterial thromboses with cerebral infarction which led to his death. Report of a Case A 41-year-old white man, in May 1962, experienced the onset of headaches which involved the left side of the face and the left eye, lasted an hour or two, and occurred almost daily. The headaches were associated with an intense redness and lacrimation of the left eye and were treated by injections of histamine acid phosphate, given at first twice weekly in small doses which were gradually increased. In June 1962, the headaches had disappeared, and the patient

Studies on the Blood Picture and Bone Marrow Function Test Observed in 1961 on 131 A-Bombed Survivors in Fukuoka and Saga Prefectures

Complete blood counting on 131 A-bombed survivors in Fukuoka and Saga Prefectures and bone marrow function test by the use of cobalt-chlorophyllin on 40 survivors were carried out in 1961. The hematological examination revealed a slight, insignificant decrease in hemoglobin, red blood cells, thrombocytes, and leukocytes, and a significant increase in color index compared with normal values. Local analysis revealed that the average values of hemoglobin, red blood cells, thrombocytes, leukocytes, and neutrophils of survivors in Tagawa District (Fukuoka) were lower than the normal values and those in Northern Kyushu District, and that of color index was higher than normal values. The changes were found to be statistically significant. Study on bone marrow function revealed that there were 21 hypofunctional cases (52.5%) and 19 normal cases (47.5%), The average values showed significant decreases compared with normal values. Regarding its relation to other factors, the results of the function test correlate, to some degree, with the blood picture, but neither to the bone marrow picture nor to the hypocentric distance at which the survivor was exposed. The reasons for the contradictory results are considered in detail. (auth)

Blood thrombocyte levels after administration of equine estrogens.

SummaryAdministration of mixed natural estrogens (Premarin) intravenously to 5 patients with normal platelet counts and to 9 patients with thrombocytopenia did not produce a significant change in thrombocyte counts of peripheral blood, as compared to saline injections in the same patients. Premarin appears to be of no value in controlling bleeding due to thrombocytopenia.

Evaluation of thrombocythemia by the thromboplastin generation test.

Certain myeloproliferative disorders, notably clironic granulocytic leukemia and erythremia, arc frequently associated with massive increases of thrombocytes (platelets) in the peripheral blood. This is especially pronounced should the spleen have been removed because of its bulk or by virtue of secondary hypersplenism with its consequent cytopenias. A person thus affected is generally free of symptoms related to the thrombocythemia. The attending physician, however, if he is aware of the great mass of circulating platelets and the implications thereof, is apt to suffer more than the patient. Nonetheless, such patients sometimes do have troublesome complications, occasionally major thromboses, but more often a paradoxical hemorrhagic syndrome. The mechanism by which abnormal bleeding is brought about in patients with thrombocythemia has not been clearly understood. A brief review of the literature and an excellent discussion on the subject has been presented by Spaet and his associates. These investigators reported an anticoagulant effect of high platelet concentrates, both from patients displaying hemorrhagic phenomena and from the normal controls, as evaluated by the thromboplastin generation test (hereafter referred to as the TGT). The present report is concerned with studies on the TGT, employing both the standard and dilute systems. The tests were performed on 2 apparently normal persons as controls, 2 patients

Effect of Total Body X-Ray Irradiation on the Blood of Female Single Comb White Leghorn Chickens

ABSTRACT THE chief objective of this investigation has been to determine how different cell types, found in the blood of female, Single Comb White Leghorn chickens, are affected by low total-body irradiations. Included in this objective has been a study of the effect of the age of the chicken on the degree of severity of the response, and on the rate of recovery. The following measurements were made on the blood: hemoglobin in grams per 100 cubic centimeters; hematocrit and buffy coat in percentage; and the number of red blood cells, thrombocytes, leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, heterophils, eosinophils, and basophils per cubic millimeter of blood. The same chickens that served as material in these studies on blood were used also to determine the effect of irradiation on the livability and production of chickens, and on the fertility and hatchability of the eggs produced. The results from this phase of the project have . . .

Congenital thrombocytopenic purpura of the newborn infant: Report of a case

Summary 1. A case of thrombocytopenic purpura in a newborn infant is reported. 2. Present-day knowledge of this condition is briefly reviewed. 3. Emphasis is placed upon a generalized purpuric eruption, absence of splenomegaly, a usually positive tourniquet test, and a reduction in blood thrombocytes as diagnostic criteria.

An Improved Direct Method for Obtaining the Total White Cell Count in Avian Blood.

Because of the normal presence of nucleated erythrocytes and thrombocytes in avian blood, it has always been difficult to count accurately all of the white blood cells. For this reason, most direct methods have been based upon some technique providing for the recognition of specific types of cells in the counting chamber and then, from the percentage of these types found in the differential count made upon the stained smear, the total number of white cells per cu. mm. of blood have been calculated. To distinguish between the various types of white blood-cells, previous investigators have used a solution of vital neutral red alone,1 vital neutral red with formalin in a separate solution,2 or neutral red with a separate solution containing formalin plus crystal violet.3 Neutral red, however, stains both granulocytes and monocytes, and it is often difficult to distinguish the one from the other under the powers of magnification that can be used in conjunction with the counting chamber. On the other hand, if ...