Threshing Drum Research Articles

纵轴流玉米锥形脱粒装置优化设计与仿真分析

Aiming at the high crushing rate and impurity rate of corn kernel machine harvesting in the Huanghuaihai region, a longitudinal flow conical variable pitch threshing device is designed, which adopts the combined threshing element of "plate teeth + ribs" and the combined threshing concave plate of "leftward round tube type + vertical round tube type". The cob model was established, and the force analysis of the cob threshing process was carried out, and the type of threshing drum and the installation angle of the threshing concave plate round tube were determined as the main influencing factors, and the collision force on the corn cob was taken as the test index. Using EDEM discrete element simulation software, simulation tests were carried out on different types of threshing drums and threshing concave plates with different installation angles of round tubes with corn cobs, and the better threshing method was finally determined: a conical threshing drum at a drum speed of 450 r/min, and a combination of left-facing round-tube-type+vertical round-tube-type threshing concave plates with an installation angle of 10° (front-sparse and back-dense type) were used. Compared with the vertical circular tube type threshing concave plate, the corn cob contact force decreased from 313.5N to 247.3N, which was optimal for threshing in the range allowed by the corn kernel destructive force.

Development of technology for harvesting soybeans using a two-phase threshing combine to obtain seeds in the conditions of the Amur region

The existing technology for producing soybean seeds does not provide them with high quality indicators and, accordingly, the full realization of the potential possibilities of soybean varieties in terms of yield. The invention proposes a new technology for obtaining high-quality conditioned seeds, with a separate fraction in two-phase threshing combines already in the process of harvesting, which can be used for sowing without subsequent post-harvest part-time processing. Such quite important tasks, implemented simultaneously in one technological scheme of soybean harvesting, have not been implemented today in any Russian or international engineering company. To obtain high-quality soybean seeds in a two-phase threshing combine during harvesting, technological and design solutions have been developed that allow dividing threshed grain into two fractions - seed and commodity. In case of two-phase threshing with the first threshing drum operating at the lower level of power action, the most mature biologically full-fledged soybean seeds are soaked at the softer modes, separately sorted at the first half of the combine sieve mill and separately collected in the first grain screw and then in the two-section hopper of the combine. Separating the rolled board into two parts and preventing mixing of the sieved grain, which is soaked with the first and browned with the second threshing drums in rigid modes, more than 60% of the quality soybean seeds of the first fraction extracted during threshing and separation from the first threshing drum are separately obtained in a separate hopper of the combine. The seed fraction with a high mass of 1000 seeds has purity at the level of the requirements of the first class with high inoculation properties, a lower amount of crushing and micro damage and increased productivity. The commodity fraction prevents grain losses from undergrowth in the sex and from non-waste in the straw.

Research and Experiment on Variable-Diameter Threshing Drum with Movable Radial Plates for Combine Harvester

In order to solve the problem of the threshing performance of a large combine harvester being reduced due to the non-adjustable diameter of the threshing drum, a variable-diameter threshing drum with movable radial plates based on the principle of concentric regulation was studied. It was mainly composed of a mechanism for adjusting the diameter by moving the radial plates, six fixed threshing tooth rods, six retractable threshing tooth rods and the single piston rod hollow hydraulic cylinder. The threshing gap can be adjusted by a stepless change of the drum diameter. By using RecurDyn simulation and field performance tests, the adjustable ranges of diameter and gap of the movable variable-diameter threshing drum were 670~710 mm and 10~30 mm. Based on the feed amount of the combine, the rotation speed of the threshing drum and the threshing gap (the diameter of the drum) as the influencing parameters, and the grain entrainment loss rate, grain un-threshed rate and grain breakage rate as the evaluation indexes, the three-factor and three-level response surface tests were carried out, and the result data were analyzed using Design-Expert 13.0. The optimal threshing gap and rotation speed of the threshing drum were determined under different feeding quantities. A comparative test was carried out to adjust and fix the threshing gap and rotation speed of the threshing drum in real time according to the change in feeding amount. The results showed that when the working parameter combination under different feeding amounts was adjusted in real time, the entrainment loss rate was 0.65%, the un-threshed rate was 0.063% and the breakage rate was 0.47%. Compared with the threshing gap and the rotation speed of the threshing drum being fixed, the entrainment loss rate, the un-threshed rate and the breakage rate were reduced by 44.9%, 27.6% and 34.1%, respectively. A threshing drum with variable diameter was provided for a large multi-crop harvesting combine to realize the concentric stepless adjustment of the threshing gap.

Development of combine harvester adaptive devices for obtaining high-quality seeds when soybeans harvesting

In increasing soybean production, an important role is given to reducing indirect losses from grain crushing, which adversely affect the quality of seeds, especially when harvesting and processing crops. The impossibility of achieving the optimal mode of operation of the combine at soybean harvesting is due to the peculiarity of the physical and mechanical properties of soybeans. The purpose of the research is to increase the efficiency of the soybean grain harvesting technology based on the development of adapting devices to the combine to obtain the maximum yield of the first fraction of high-quality seeds, followed by their use in sowing without part-time processing (except for pre-sowing etching). The studies were carried out using the modernized Yenisei-1200 combine during the harvesting period 2021-2022 on the experimental field of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of the Federal Research Center of the All-Russian Research Institute of Soybeans. Modernization of the combine makes it possible to collect 60% of high-quality soybean seeds with a low content of weed impurity in a separate section of its bunker. Ripened soybean seeds are soaked in soft modes of operation of the first threshing drum, a separate collection of which increases field germination and biological yield of the first seed fraction. Application of sieves of upper sieve mill of combine harvester cleaning with increased length of blinds petals up to 70 mm together with increased air flow ensures purity of seeds of the first fraction at the level of the first class of sowing standard. Mechanical damage to soybean seeds of the first fraction, which is 4.2%, does not exceed the established standard for crushing and microdepositing combines (5%). The use of seeds of the first fraction in sowing without additional processing reduces the indirect losses of soybeans and, accordingly, the costs of seed production.Ripened soybean seeds are soaked in soft modes of operation of the first threshing drum, a separate collection of which increases field germination and biological yield of the first seed fraction. Application of sieves of upper sieve mill of combine harvester cleaning with increased length of louver petals up to 70 mm together with increased air flow ensures purity of seeds of the first fraction at the level of the first class of sowing standard. Mechanical damage to soybean seeds of the first fraction, which make 4.2%, does not exceed the established standard for crushing and micro damage combines (5%). Using the seeds of the first fraction in sowing without working, reduces indirect losses of soybeans and, accordingly, the costs of seed production.

Optimal Design and Testing of a Crawler-Type Flax Combine Harvester

China is a large flax-growing country, with planting area and production ranking among the top three in the world. However, the cultivation range of flax in China is very broad, complex, and diverse, resulting in different planting scales and patterns, making it difficult to apply foreign large combine harvesters, and China lacks a dedicated flax combine harvester. This research improved the design of the 4LZ-4.0 crawler-type flax combine harvester for the regional features and flax cropping patterns in China. First, the structure, technical parameters, and working principles of the machine were introduced; second, the theoretical analysis and optimization of key components were performed; and finally, with the advancing speed of the machine, the speed of the threshing drum, and the speed of the suction fan as independent variables and the rate of removal and the total loss rate as response values, a three-factor, three-level response surface analysis method was used. For each component and response value, a mathematical model was created, and the factors and their interactions were evaluated and confirmed. The results demonstrated that the three parameters impact the threshing drum speed, advancing speed, and centrifugal fan speed in that order of priority, as well as the total loss rate in that order of priority. The machine’s optimal operating settings were 1.5 m·s−1 advancing speed, 788.49 r·min−1 threshing drum speed, and 885.34 r·min−1 centrifugal fan speed, and the validation test results indicated that under the typical dryland dense flax cultivation mode, it had a 97.46% threshing rate and 2.99% total loss rate after the test. This demonstrated that optimizing operational parameters may decrease losses in the process of mechanical flax harvesting, enhance harvesting efficiency, and satisfy the marketable flax harvesting standards.

Model and Method of Fault Signal Diagnosis for Blockage and Slippage of Rice Threshing Drum

Rice threshing drum of combine harvester is difficult to monitor and repair the abnormal state in time. When slippage or blockage occurs in the threshing drum, the working efficiency of the threshing drum will reduce seriously, such as the threshing efficiency will decline seriously, and then cleaning performance of combine harvester will decline. In order to reveal the vibration characteristics of rice threshing drum under different working conditions and the vibration response state of the drum bearing undergoing different faults occur, the vibration system model of the threshing drum is established in this paper. With the help of the vibration test bench of the multi-stage threshing drum, the vibration signal test of the slippage and blockage of the threshing drum under the belt drive mode is carried out. The results show that the Z direction signal has a vibration peak at the low frequency (25 Hz) when the threshing drum is blocked, the maximum vibration displacement is about 0.55 mm; the Z direction signal signal peak is concentrated at 50 Hz when a slip fault occurs, and the maximum vibration displacement is about 0.184 mm, the fitting effect between frequency and mathematical model is good. The results of this paper reveal the vibration characteristics of the threshing drum under different abnormal working conditions, at the same time provide a theoretical basis for the fault diagnosis of the threshing drum of the combine harvester.

Vibration Analysis of a Roller Bearing Condition Used in a Tangential Threshing Drum of a Combine Harvester for the Smooth and Continuous Performance of Agricultural Crop Harvesting

Testing the reliability of the threshing unit is difficult and thus often neglected before the harvesting season, which can result in breakdown maintenance during peak harvesting time in difficult-to-access areas for sensor mounting. In this paper, the vibration analysis of the threshing condition of the combine harvester was performed by introducing the bracket for inaccessible locations. The Adash A4900 Vibrio M analyzer (Adash spol. s.r.o., Ostrava, Czech Republic) was used for a vibration signal measurement and the DDS Adash software was used for signal processing. The demodulated fast Fourier transform (FFT) root mean square (RMS) (500 Hz–16 kHz) method was used to evaluate the bearing condition and DDS Adash Fault Source Identification Tool (FASIT) technology was used to evaluate other mechanical conditions such as the looseness, misalignment, and unbalance of the threshing unit of the Massey Ferguson series of combine harvesters. Modal and random vibration analyses were performed on the bracket and components and compared to prevent the resonance phenomenon using the Ansys Software (Ansys, Inc., Canonsburg, PA, USA). The constrained modal analysis of the threshing drum was performed to observe the deformation. Decent results were obtained from the method used. The method was again validated by the tangential threshing test bench and successfully determined the bearing fault condition. The method used is an uncomplicated and effective way of performing the bearing analysis of the tangential unit of the combine harvester.

纵轴流玉米柔性脱粒装置设计与试验研究

In order to reduce the problems of high grain breakage rate and uncleaned material rate in the threshing and separating device of longitudinal axial flow corn, a threshing device of "front flexible nail tooth + rear pressure spring elastic short grain rod" was designed and the threshing elements were arranged spirally on the conical threshing drum. Discrete element method and field test were used to verify the feasibility of threshing drum design, and EDEM simulation software was used to obtain the appropriate guide plate Angle parameter range. Single factor test was carried out on each experimental factor under high and low water content conditions, and four factors suitable working range was obtained.On this basis, four factors and three levels orthogonal test were carried out on grain breakage rate and undepurated rate, rotational speed of roller, feeding rate, cylinder-concave clearance and deflector angle as experimental factors. Range and variance analysis were used to analyze the rotational speed of roller, feeding rate, cylinder-concave clearance and deflector angle. The results showed that:Under the conditions of low water content, the threshing effect is the best under the conditions of feeding rate of 8kg/s,rotational speed of roller of 450 r/min, cylinder-concave clearance of 45 mm, and deflector angle of 70°.Under the conditions of high water content,the best threshing effect was achieved under the conditions of feeding rate of 7kg/s, rotational speed of roller of 450 r/min, cylinder-concave clearance of 40 mm and deflector angle of 75°. Compared with the conventional threshing separation device, the grain breakage rate of low moisture content decreased by 39.4% and the uncleaned material rate decreased by 63.9%.The grain breakage rate of high moisture content was reduced by 45.5%, and the uncleaned material rate was reduced by 66.7%, which was better than the conventional longitudinal axial flow threshing separation device. The research results can provide reference for the design and optimization of longitudinal axial flow corn harvester.

横轴流联合收获机脱分选装置创新设计与性能试验

Aiming at the problems of high grain entrainment loss rate and impurity rate of traditional horizontal axial-flow combine harvesters, a horizontal axial-flow threshing-separating device with coaxial differential threshing drum, conical cleaning fan, double-layer vibrating screen and spiral plate-tooth re-thresher is designed. Meanwhile, a test-bed with a feeding rate of 2 kg/s is designed to improve the device performance. The test through quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design method is used to inspect the effects of the differential drumspeed combination, conical fan blade taper, and length ratio of the high and low speed sections of the differential drum on the loss rate, crushing rate , impurity rate and threshing power consumption. The regression mathematical models of the loss rate, crushing rate, impurity content and threshing power consumption are established, and the multi-objective optimization calculation of the regression mathematical model is carried out by using MATLAB optimization toolbox. The results show that the order of the three factors affecting the loss rate and impurity content of the horizontal axial-flow threshing-separating device is the differential drumspeed combination, the conical fan bladetaper, and the length ratio of high and low speed sections of the differential drum. The field test results show that the performance index of the horizontal axial-flow separation device is better than the requirements of the national standard.

Experimental Study on Direct Harvesting of Corn Kernels

The mechanical harvesting of corn has always been a problem for the development of the corn industry. In the present investigation, a tangential flow–transverse axial flow threshing test system was designed based on the 4YL-4/5 harvester. The structure design was modular, and the threshing drum and other key parts could be changed, or the technical parameters could be adjusted according to the needs. Thus, the system becomes suitable to carry out the threshing test of various grains. In this paper, two kinds of systems, a cylindrical plate-tooth mixed row threshing drum and a full cylindrical threshing drum, were designed. Using the same materials and technical conditions, a comparative experiment of the corn grain harvest was carried out to explore the mechanical–technical conditions and methods to reduce the grain breakage rate of corn’s direct harvest.The results showed that the threshing ability and adaptability of the cylinder with a plate-tooth mixed arrangement structure were higher than those of the full cylinder arrangement structure. It was also found that for a higher moisture content (above 28%) of the maize ear, the grain breakage rate met the national standard. On the other hand, the cylinder with a plate-tooth threshing drum can support a wider range of moisture contents and drum peripheral velocities than the full cylinder threshing drum. Within the range of all tested moisture contents and drum peripheral velocities, the minimum grain breakage rate of the full cylinder tooth drum was 3.7%, and the minimum grain breakage rate of the cylinder with the plate-tooth threshing drum was 1.5%, which means a reduction of 59.5% of the breakage rate was achieved.

Optimization Design and Experiment of Ear-Picking and Threshing Devices of Corn Plot Kernel Harvester

In order to solve the problems of easy-to-break kernels and substantial harvest losses during kernel harvesting in breeding trials plot of corn, an ear-picking device and a threshing device of corn plot kernel harvester has been optimized. To automatically change the gap of the ear-picking plate, a self-elastic structure with compression spring and connecting rod is used. The ear-picking plate is glued, and an elastic rubber gasket is placed underneath it, which effectively improves the adaptability of the ear-picking device and reduces corn kernel collision damage during ear-picking. To ensure the self-purification of the ear-picking device, a combination of auger sieve hole cleaning device and lateral pneumatic auxiliary cleaning system is used. A dual-axial flow threshing device is designed, which uses a “U”-shaped conveying system to transport maize ears in the threshing chamber. The spacing of the concave sieve may be adjusted, and the residual kernels in the threshing chamber can be cleaned up after harvesting one plot by combining three cleanings, which meets the requirements of no mixing between plots. The force analysis of corn ears in the threshing chamber determines the best design plan for the forward speed, the speed of the second threshing drum, and the threshing gap. The breakage rate and non-threshing rate regression models were created using the quadratic regression orthogonal combination test, and the parameters were optimized using MATLAB. The verification test results showed that when the forward speed was 0.61 m/s, the second threshing drum speed was 500 r/min, and the threshing gap was 40 mm, the breakage rate was 1.47%, and the non-threshing rate was 0.89%, which met the kernel harvesting requirements in corn plots.

Combine harvester improvement for selection and collection of high-quality soybeans

To obtain biologically valuable and high-quality soybeans it is necessary to improve the design of the two-phase threshing combine harvester which will have a gentle mode for threshing the most mature soybeans in the first threshing drum, make their high-quality cleaning directly in the combine harvester and collect them in a separate hopper. The first seed fraction of biologically valuable and high-quality soybeans is obtained by separating the threshed heap in the first threshing drum. It’s cleaned and collected in a separate hopper. The return is processed in the second threshing drum, and the second fraction of seeds is cleaned and collected in the second hopper of the combine. The straw that comes off the straw walker and enters the auger is divided into two parts, and when it leaves the auger on both sides, it is crushed and thrown out of the sides of the combine. At the same time, during the combine harvesting of soybeans, the chaff coming of the sieve boot and being the high-protein feed consisting of 90% of the bean flaps is collected in the chaff collector. By collecting the most valuable components of the soybean crop, i.e beans and chaff, and embedding the crushed plant stems on the small depth by disking or cultivation, the task of creating conditions for the growth and development of plants in the crop rotation with full mechanized technology of soybean harvesting is solved.

Effects of Side Load Chains of a Combine Harvester on Unbalanced Dynamic Vibrations of Its Threshing Drum

In order to study the influence of the side drive on the balance state of the threshing drum, this paper used the side eccentric load chain drive as the power on the threshing drum dynamic balance test bench. By analyzing the influence of different radial phases, different axial distances, and spiral combinations of the threshing drum on the counterweight, this paper studies the law of the effect of side partial load chain drive on the dynamic balance of the threshing drum and finds that the side chain drive has obvious influence on the unbalance phase of the threshing drum and the change of the axial distance of unbalance has little effect on the equilibrium state of the threshing drum. And from this, a vibration balance method based on the equivalent unbalance of the chain drive is proposed, which can predict and calculate the unbalance of the threshing drum. The unbalance of the threshing drum predicted by this method is smaller than the actual measured unbalance. The maximum error is 32.64% and the minimum error is 4.6%. In the two tests, the predicted unbalance is 1.24 mm/s in amplitude and 270 degrees in phase and amplitude 1.4 mm/s and phase 120 degrees, respectively. The measured unbalance is amplitude 1.587 mm/s and phases 286 degrees. The error between prediction and actual measurement is less than 32.64%, and the unbalance amplitudes that can be reduced by one-time dynamic balance are 0.856 mm/s and 0.674 mm/s, respectively. The research results in this paper provide an effective method for the balance state of the multidrum side chain transmission.

Research on a method for diagnosing clogging faults and longitudinal axial flow in the threshing cylinders of drum harvesters

Here we present a high-precision method for predicting threshing drum clogging in drum harvesters, with strong applicability for longitudinal axial flow in crawlers. This method can be used to determine the alarm threshold. It entails placing a wireless vibration sensor at the outer end of the rotary shaft of the harvester to collect axial vibration signals from the drum to detect early fault characteristics. The method employs the Hilbert-Huang transform-analysis method to obtain time-frequency spectrum characteristics of the blocking process, thus diagnosing the speed reduction necessary to shut down when the threshing drum is clogged. The traditional method of extracting fault characteristic frequency by Fourier transform is compared with the proposed method. This method can not only diagnose the critical value of the rotating speed when the drum is clogged but also accurately and clearly reflect the trend of the drum clogging fault. The fault is within 3 standard deviations above or below the mean characteristic frequency, and abnormality is within 1 standard deviation above or below the mean characteristic frequency. Based on our experimental analysis, we introduce the concept of the confidence interval, andwe consider crop type and the diversity of working conditions. The proposed method improves the adaptability of forecasting to specific environments and combines agricultural machinery with agronomy. The trend of blocking can be predicted at least 1 s in the early stage of blockage by using a sliding window to process the vibration data collected in real time. This predictive ability makes the method superior to speed-sensor analysis in precision

Design and performance test on segmented-differential threshing and separating unit for head-feed combine harvester.

In order to solve the contradiction between incomplete thresh, separation loss, and grain breakage rate during the harvest of super hybrid rice by the conventional threshing and separating unit for the head‐feed combine harvester, the segmented‐differential threshing and separating unit for the head‐feed combine harvester was developed. The unit was mainly composed of a coaxial segmented‐differential threshing drum and rotary concave screen. This paper expounds on the structure and working principle of segmented‐differential threshing and separating unit. With the rotate speed of the segmented‐differential drum, the linear velocity of the rotary concave screen, and the clamping chain speed as the test factors, the grain loss rate, breakage rate, and impurity rate as the performance indicators, three‐factor quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination design test is performed. This paper analyzes the test results by using the Design‐Expert6.0.10 software, establishes a performance indicator mathematic model of the threshing and separating unit, and determines the optimal working parameter combination. Moreover, this paper performs a contrast test of the segmented‐differential threshing and separating unit to the conventional single‐speed unit, and using MATLAB software to establish a distribution model of threshed materials and make an analysis. Results show that when the rotate speed of low‐speed/high‐speed drum in the segmented‐differential threshing and separating unit was 505/680 r/min, the linear velocity of the rotary concave screen was 1 m/s and the clamping chain speed was 1.26 m/s, the grain loss rate, breakage rate, and impurity rate were 1.94%, 0.21%, and 0.56%, respectively.

Development a Locale Thresher Machine for Separating Peanut Crop

A threshing process for peanut crop is considered one of the most essential agricultural operations. Therefore, the research aimed to develop a local threshing machine for separating and extracting the peanut pods from straw and other materials. This was done by replacing the normal concave with a new one with opening of 7×7cm per opening (square shape). The front sieve is replaced with its last holes in the form of slides, with a distance of 0.5 cm. And adjusting the clearance between the threshing drum and concave in range of 7cm for drum-type (1) and the clearance between the threshing drum and concave should be 5cm for drum-type (2), The experimental work was carried out at El Delengat district, Behera Governorate. The performance of the thresher was tested under three crop feeding rates of 15, 20, and 25 kg/min, meanwhile, four speeds for a threshing drum 300, 350, 400, and 450 rpm (10.99, 12.82, 14.65, and 16.48m/s) and two types of threshing drums were tested, drum-type (1) 44 knives with a concave clearance 7cm and drum-type (2) 22 knives with a concave clearance 5cm. The results conducted that, the highest threshing efficiency (99.47%) was obtained by drum type (2) under 450 rpm drum speed and 15kg/min feeding rate. The modified drum type (2) showed the lowest broken pods with an average of 1.93%. The lowest required power (12.2 kW) was shown under 300 rpm drum speed and 15 kg/min feeding rate.

Harvester and transporting device development for high-quality soybean seeds obtaining

Soybean in the Amur Region occupies up to 30% of its area in Russia. With a high content of protein and oil, it is an energy-efficient crop, and its processed products are widely used in the food industry and animal husbandry. An increase in soybean production is planned by improving the structure of sown areas, introducing new varieties, and intensifying crop production. It is possible to increase its productivity through the use of high-quality and most productive seeds that can be isolated, separately collected in a combine harvester during harvesting and used without seeds after harvesting. For this, it is necessary to use combines of two-phase threshing, with the separation of threshed mass by the first threshing drum, cleaning and collecting this mass in an additional hopper. To avoid pinching and damage during transportation, it is necessary to use screws with a brush frame for the working edge of the screw and brush conveyor belts. The selected soybean seeds of the first fraction for all sowing quality indicators correspond to the second class of the state standard, and their laboratory and field germination, 96 and 91.5%, corresponds to the seeds of the first class. The use of the first seed fraction during sowing, without additional purification, reduces material costs, increases soybean yield by 3.0 kg / ha and increases profit.

Dynamic Balance Method for Grading the Chain Drive Double Threshing Drum of a Combine Harvester

Although the individual threshing drum of a combine harvester was balanced on a dynamic balancing machine before it is assembled, there were still unbalances after multiple drums were assembled with the chain drive. In this paper, the double drums with a chain drive of a crawler combined harvester were selected as the research subject. The aim of this study was to develop a dynamic unbalance mode for grading chain drive double drums. Based on the dynamic unbalance characteristics of the main driven drum, the experimental research on the radial balance of the driven drum end face was carried out. It was known that the chain drive had a direct and obvious influence on the unbalanced phase of the drum. The unbalance of the drive load had an obvious effect on unbalanced amplitude of an active drum through the transfer characteristics of the chain drive. For the multi-stage transmission characteristics of a combine harvester, a step-by-step balanced grading chain drive double drum dynamic balancing method was practiced. Results showed that the unbalanced amplitude after balancing threshing drum I chain transmission mode of the combine harvester can be reduced by a maximum of 91%. Simultaneously, the unbalanced amplitude of threshing drum II can reduced by a maximum of 69.2%. The size and position of the wrap angle of the chain drive would directly affect the phase of the two equivalent unbalanced masses.

The work of the cutting beater in the transition zone threshing and separating devices combine harvesters

In this article we studied the work of cutting beater in the transition zone of a combine harvester threshing drum. The influence of the parameters of the beater on the reflection of grains in its interaction with the heap flow and feed to the first stage of the straw-cutter is considered. A constructive scheme of the location of the working bodies of the transition zone showed a decrease in losses for straw.

Structuring carbon alloys due to carbon mass transfer

The wear of parts of the threshing apparatus of a combine harvester inevitably leads to the deterioration of the threshing of the grain mass, which in turn leads to the loss of grain. One of these parts involved in the direct threshing process is the whipping threshing drum made of high carbon steel. Used steels of increased strength for the manufacture of parts, components and structures of agricultural machines requiring restoration using surfacing with wear-resistant coatings are hampered due to the tendency of such steels to form hot and cold cracks in the near-weld zone. The main reason for the formation of cold cracks during the welding of steel parts is considered to be the unfavorable development of physicochemical processes in the heat-affected zone of welding. The highest probability of the formation of deformations and residual stresses in austenitized regions of the heat-affected zone is characteristic of steels with a high carbon equivalent. As a result of the research conducted, the possibility of reducing the carbon content in the welded edges and weld surfaces of carbon steel products by creating a temperature gradient in them directed from the surface to the core was substantiated and experimentally confirmed. The local decarburization that occurs during this process is reversible, and after performing the surfacing, it is easily eliminated by normalization.