Threefold Perspective Research Articles

Noticias, memoria y ficción en "Equatoria" y "Kampuchéa" de Patrick Deville

This paper analyzes the last two novels of the French writer Patrick Deville: Equatoria (2009) and Kampuchéa (2011). Formalistic, both works are emblematic of the Deville’s new style, and they will be approached from a threefold perspective: it will first identify the generic undecidability of such literature; then it will see how, using current affairs, they offer a reflection on the utopias of the twentieth century and its failures; and finally, it will emphasize the melancholy of history, which is ultimately located on the boundary between literature and epistemology.

The ongoing challenge of restorative justice in South Africa: How and why wealthy suburban congregations are responding to poverty and inequality

South Africa remains one of the most unequal societies in the world and any discussion around poverty and the church’s response cannot exclude this reality. This article attempts to analyse the response of wealthy, ‘majority white’ suburban congregations in the southern suburbs of Cape Town to issues of poverty and inequality. This is attempted through the lense of restorative justice, which is broadly explored and defined through a threefold perspective of reconciliation, reparations and restitution. The first part explores a description of the basic features of poverty and inequality in South Africa today, followed by a discussion on restorative justice. This is followed by the case study, which gives the views of clergy and lay leaders with regard to their congregations’ perspectives and responses to poverty and inequality within the context of restorative justice. Findings from the case study begin to plot a tentative ‘way forward’ as to how our reality can more constructively be engaged from the perspective of congregational involvement in reconstruction of our society.

EARLY AQUINAS ON MATTER

En su comentario al Segundo libro de las Sentencias de Pedro Lombardo, Tomás de Aquino enfrenta el problema de la materia desde distintos puntos de vista. En este artículo, algunos textos relevantes del Comentario sobre las distinciones 3, 12 y 18 son analizados con un triple propósito. En primer lugar, se presenta la perspectiva temprana de Tomás de Aquino sobre la materia, con particular atención a sus implicaciones físicas y metafísicas. En segundo lugar, las tesis del Aquinate son rastreadas hasta sus raíces peripatéticas, con la finalidad de mostrar el papel crucial que juegan Avicena y Averroes en su replanteamiento de la física y metafísica aristotélicas. En tercer lugar, el pensamiento de Tomás de Aquino es puesto en el contexto del debate sobre la materia que surgió desde la recepción de la Física y la Metafísica del Aristóteles latino. Desde esta triple perspectiva, se puede apreciar la consistencia y originalidad de la propuesta temprana de Tomás de Aquino sobre la materia.

Tort Law and the Financial Crisis: Basic Questions

Abstract This article provides a short introduction to the present special issue of the Journal of European Tort Law, which aims to tackle the relationship of tort law and the financial crisis from a comprehensive, three-fold perspective by focusing on all the ‘main players’: banking institutions, the rating agencies and the supervisory authorities.

The Exercise of Prosecutorial Discretion at the International Criminal Court

The paper examines two areas where the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court exercises discretion: selection of situations and selection of cases. The aim is to examine each of them from a three-fold perspective: firstly, identify the risks arising from broad discretionary powers; secondly, assess the capacity of the present oversight mechanisms to address those risks; and thirdly, suggest possible ways of improving the Prosecutor’s accountability.

Are There Counter-Landscapes? On Milk Trestles and Invisible Power Lines

The paper takes its starting point from the duality in the Estonian rural landscape shaped by social practices. On the one hand, the changes and management of landscapes follow a political decision. At the same time, the old patterns of semi-legal activity offer a resistant practice. The study is illustrated with the milk trestle, a now-disappeared symbol of recent history in the Soviet countryside. The milk trestles and their role in Estonian country life are studied from a threefold perspective—their functions, meanings and the values behind this symbol. The article is based on ethnographic field work carried out between the years of 2001 and 2002 and traces the phenomenon of how living landscape transforms into deserted landscape; in other words, how story becomes history. The paper shows how the milk trestle landscape functioned as a prolongation of the former landscape behind the ideological layers of the Soviet landscapes.

Overcoming the Challenge of Legacy Learning Methods

Recognizing the role of the leader points to the importance of how leaders are trained and developed so that they are capable of helping their institutions maintain the values of their organizations. This was found to be a concern of the defense and security leaders of the newly developed independent sovereign states of the USSR. As many of them installed democratic forms of government, the challenge was not just to declare education for reform on paper, but how to transform their educational institutions to develop leaders for the directions that had been set by their newly formed governments.This concern for sustaining institutions is in keeping with much research in the field of leadership. Leadership's role in sustaining institutional and societal culture and in driving institutional change is clearly pointed out by experts such as Burt Nanus, who focused on visionary leadership; the late Peter Drucker, who emphasized the growth of future leaders; and Warren Bennis, who underlined the importance of developing leaders to become leaders of leaders.1 Additional recognition of the leader's significance in both sustaining and changing culture is found in Brady's work,2 where he cited 2001 research conducted by the public relations firm Burson-Marsteller examining the top thirty CEOs of publicly traded companies in Germany. The results showed that approximately twothirds of the public reputation of a company was determined by the leader of the organization. In keeping with this, a later Burson-Marsteller study done in the United States examined 1155 key stakeholders, and determined that the CEO's reputation contributed significantly to how companies are perceived. Brady pointed to leaders such as Lord Browne at BP, Chad Holliday at DuPont, Michael W. Crooke at Patagonia, and Ben Cohen at Ben and Jerry's, who have understood that their legacies as leaders established the tone and sustainability of their organizations and made this an organizational priority.To be successful in leadership development at defense and security educational institutions requires that the educational processes themselves be examined. Following NATO's Partnership Action Plan for Defense Institution Building (PAP -DIB) and Education for Defense Reform initiatives (2004-05), the Partnership for Peace Consortium's (PfPC) Educators Development Working Group (ED WG) created a sub-group of the same name to tackle the challenge of how to transform the legacy teaching methods of authoritarian institutions into democratic learning processes that promoted education for defense reform within these countries so that they could train the leaders that would be required for the twenty-first century. More specifically, the challenge was how to help transform an authoritarian, top-down, teacher-centered approach to education that was based most often in the lecture method into a shared, collaborative learning process that exhibited democratic values, not just as curriculum content or an end state but as a democratic process and means of learning resulting in transformative leadership education.Educators Development Working Group ResponseThe response of the Educators Development Working Group was to approach learning from a three-fold perspective, and to develop active working teams around each prong:1 . What to teach, which included curricula for defense institution building and professional military education2. Defense education enhancement programs tailored for each participating nation3. How to teach, which included annual multinational educators' workshops and local national educator programs.The goal of the latter, and the focus of this article, was to share and instill Western learning and teaching methods with Partner defense educators. This included an emphasis on learner-centered education, with its collaborative knowledge building capacity, assessment, and community building. The approach was embedded in democratic values central to education for defense reform. …

The Intergenerational Reproduction of Cultural Capital: A Threefold Perspective

Empirical studies on cultural capital have never fully operationalized the concept using indicators of all three states distinguished by Bourdieu, i.e., institutionalized, embodied and objectified cultural capital. We provide such a threefold measurement for both respondents and their parents in our analysis of the intergenerational transmission of cultural capital. Respondents' schooling levels (institutionalized state) are affected by parental education and, to a lesser extent, parental cultural behavior, but both effects are smaller among younger generations. Cultural participation (embodied state) is consistently affected by all three manifestations of parental cultural capital. Possessing cultural goods (objectified state) is mostly affected by parents' cultural possessions. Our results reveal that the three states of cultural capital differ in the constellation of their causes and consequences, plus the changes therein.

Indoor Fireworks: The Pleasures of Digital Game Pyrotechnics

Fireworks in games translate the sensory power of a real-world aesthetic form to the realm of digital simulation and gameplay. Understanding the role of fireworks in games can best be pursued through through a threefold aesthetic perspective that focuses on the senses, on art, and on the aesthetic experience that gives pleasure through the player’s participation in the simulation, gameplay and narrative potentials of fireworks. In games ranging from Wii Sports and Fantavision, to Okami and Assassin’s Creed II, digital fireworks are employed as a light effect, and are also the site for gameplay pleasures that include design and performance, timing and rhythm, and power and awe. Fireworks also gain narrative significance in game forms through association with specific sequences and characters. Ultimately, understanding the role of fireworks in games provokes us to reverse the scrutiny, and to consider games as fireworks, through which we experience ludic festivity and voluptuous panic.

O Ensaio: uma visão crítica da cultura pelo traço literário

We aim at exploring the concept of ‘literary culture’, not only seeing it as an acquisition of a given literary memory, but also understanding literary culture and literature itself as Weltanschauung. We will emphasize the creative competence of literature whilst promoter of a critic-interpretative analysis of a society in which the author and the reader are circumstantiated. We will conceive literature as a space of creation, either being an imagetic construction or a reflexion about our world. Thus we aspire at emphasizing the interventive power of literature in society, taking the essay as an example. The essay is a force of social polemics that aims at an effective action, with the advantage of having a three-fold perspective of reality. Science, Philosophy and Literature in osmosis allow the essay to artistically interfere and to intervene in human reality. As a consequence, the essay is a life literacy that allows to interpret and to modify it. Keywords: Essayism, Literary culture, Critic, Blogosphere

The role and relevance of refocused inventory: Supply chain management solutions

Practitioners and academics continue to note that there is no shortage of inventory in many, if not most, supply chains. Rather, the historical notion holds true: the right product is not in the right place at the right time to meet demand. In order to impact supply chain performance positively, it is necessary to re-address inventory's role and relevance with respect to the development, maintenance, and control of product flows. This paper suggests that examining such flows from a three-fold perspective can be beneficial to firms by providing a framework to assess efforts to achieve lowest total cost and expected customer service.

Psychotherapeutische Beziehung und Psychopharmakotherapie

How to effectively combine psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological treatment in psychiatry remains an important clinical and scientific issue. In the present paper, a threefold perspective is chosen: 1) The prescription of psychopharmacological drugs affects and changes the therapeutic relationship, including phantasmatic or unconscious factors. A dynamic psychopharmacotherapy is needed that allows to correlate interactional and neuro-biological factors. Any prescription of drugs is situated in an interpersonal context which itself represents a therapeutic agent. The biological and interactional effects can best be combined when properly coordinated. 2) Psychodynamic therapies could be suitable instruments to assess subtle effects of medication on the patient's emotional and cognitive attitudes, below the level of clinical symptomatology. Psychotherapy helps to improve psychopharmacological therapies not only by enhancing compliance. It can be used - on principle - to assess the immediate and long-term effects of drugs in the patient's subjective experience (concerning personal identity, vitality, intentionality, etc.). 3) Once it has been admitted that psychotherapy and psychopharmacology do not contradict but complement each other, an overarching model is necessary that does not only combine both additively, but allows to truly integrate them. In the last couple of years, such models have been promoted mainly on a neuro-biological basis. There are hardly any contemporary models relying on psychopathology and psychodynamic theory. Two new perspectives are suggested: A structural perspective: It does not represent a fully developed integrative model, but allows to describe complex interactions. The basic idea is: if in a given structure one element is changed, this change will influence any other element of the structure. So any therapy has an impact on the patient. What is important here is to be able to consider not only the immediate but also the more remote and indirect effects. A psychodynamic perspective: A clinical theory on the integrative use of psychopharmacology and psychotherapy could be based on the most advanced and empirically based psychodynamic diagnostic instrument, the OPD system. A psychodynamic perspective on medication could be systematised according to its four main axes (coping, relationship patterns, psychic conflicts, organisation of personality structure). The present paper deals with an issue that can be situated within a wider perspective; asking for the links between psychopharmacology and psychotherapy confronts with just one example of the necessity to give a solid theoretical background to the much cited bio-psycho-social model and to take its implementation serious.

Grounds and Reasons: Argumentative Signals in Judicial Texts

This paper illustrates the first findings of a research project, which aims at developing tools for a linguistic analysis of judicial argumentation. Whereas most research on the process of legal decision-making considers argumentation from the point of view of legal theory and legal philosophy, emphasis is laid here on the role of language in the construction of argumentation, and in particular on features of auxiliary argumentative lexis such as connectives and meta-argumentative expressions. First of all, the paper will discuss the methodology of the project, which will be carried out on a corpus of 221 judgments (1,646,182 words) issued by three courts. Secondly, it will focus on the use of the meta-argumentative expressions ground and reason from a three-fold perspective: textual function, genre structure and argumentative voice. The results presented by the paper will show that ground and reason act as effective argumentative signals in the judicial text.

Empathy: Implications of Three Ways of Knowing in Counseling

From a humanistic orientation, Carl Rogers (1964) described 3 ways of knowing with reference to empathic understanding: subjective, interpersonal, and objective. In the context of a threefold perspective of knowledge, the author expands on Rogers's conception of empathy. As a consequence of a conceptual change in the direction of empathy, implications for counseling are affected.

How “rational” is “rationality”?

By taking serious a remark once made by Paul Bernays, namely that an account of the nature of rationality should begin with concept-formation, this article sets out to uncover both the restrictive and the expansive boundaries of rationality. In order to do this some implications of the perennial philosophical problem of the “coherence of irreducibles” will be related to the acknowledgement of primitive terms and of their indefinability. Some critical remarks will be articulated in connection with an over-estimation of rationality - concerning the influence of Kant’s view of human understanding as the formal law-giver of nature (the supposedly “rational structure of the world”), and the apparently innocent (subjectivist) habit to refer to experiential entities as ‘objects’. The other side of the coin will be highlighted with reference to those kinds of knowledge transcending the limits of concept-formation - culminating in formulating the four most basic idea-statements philosophy can articulate about the universe. What is found “in-between” these (restrictive) and (expansive) boundaries of rationality will then briefly be placed within the contours of a threefold perspective on the self-insufficiency of logicality - as merely one amongst many more dimensions conditioning human life. Although the meaning of the most basic logical principles - such as the logical principles of identity, non-contradiction and sufficient reason - will surface in our analysis, exploring some of the complex issues in this respect, such as the relationship between thought and language, will not be analysed. The important role of solidarity - as the basis of critique - will be explained and related both to the role of immanent criticism in rational conversation and the importance of acknowledging what is designated as the principle of the excluded antinomy (which in an ontic sense underlies the logical principle of non-contradiction). The last section of our discussion will succinctly illuminate the proper place of the inevitable trust we ought to have in rationality - while implicitly warning against the rationalistic over-estimation of it (its degeneration into a rationalist “faith in reason”). Our intention is to enhance an awareness of the reality that rationality is embedded in and borders on givens which are not open to further “rational” exploration - givens that both condition (in a constitutive sense) and transcend the limits of conceptual knowledge. Some of the distinctions and insights operative in our analysis are explained in Strauss 2000 and 2003. Yet, most of the systematic perspectives found in this analysis of rationality are only developed in this article for the first time. Since a different study is required to discuss related problems and results found within cognitive science, it cannot be discussed within one article.

Une diplomatique allemande des documents administratifs français du XIXe siècle

Nineteenth-century administration has been little studied in France. Conversely, the exporting of the same administration to Germany at the time of the Revolution and Empire has aroused much interest, both due to its exotic appeal and to its importance for the modernisation of Germany. This has prompted various studies in the field of diplomatic, which can shed light on the contemporary diplomatic of France itself, following the threefold perspective of German diplomatic scholarship: methodical, analytical and genetic. The results of this two-way transfer are particularly relevant for the analysis of administrative working methods. They have uncovered a well-organised and efficient microcosm; but they may also qualify our perception of supposedly omnipotent officials, by emphasising the important part played by their clerks.

Ocio, lecturas y escritura en la ilustración cubana

This article approaches the issue of the Enlightment in Cuba from a threefold perspective: History of Reading, Cultural History and Prosopography. It studies the beginnings of public opinion in Havanna through printing, public and private reading and both the daily press and its writers.

The human development liaison specialist: I. Theory, person, and process

The role of the human development liaison specialist is explained from a threefold perspective: the ecological systems theory which is its underlying philosophy, the qualities and skills required for liaison professionals, and the six-stage process followed in a typical liaison intervention. The liaison specialist role is recommended as a means of improving the delivery of human services and thereby contributing to the prevention of more serious difficulties.