Three-way Conflict Research Articles

A distance-based three-way conflict analysis for fuzzy multiset

Fuzzy multisets(FMs), as an extension of fuzzy sets, serve as an effective tool in real-life scenarios for describing uncertain information, effectively mitigating the loss of information. In combination with conflict situations, FMs can adequately represent agents’ attitudes in decision-making. However, current research rarely explores conflict analysis(CA) within the framework of fuzzy multiset situation tables(FMSTs). In this paper, we introduce a three-way conflict analysis model(TWCAM) by combining three-way decision theory(TWDT) and CA based on fuzzy multiset information systems(FMISs). First of all, the proposed TWCAM incorporates the concepts of conflict, neutral, and alliance sets for both single and multiple issues, utilizing conflict distance and conflict function to compute these sets. Moreover, a new method is proposed to objectively determine issue weights by considering both absolute and relative weights. According to Bayesian minimum risk theory, this study presents a new way of determining thresholds to trisect the agents. Additionally, we propose the notion of maximal coalitions(MCs) in FMSTs as a generalization of Pawlak’s model. Finally, we utilize a case study to prove the practicability of our model and some comparative analyses to illustrate its effectiveness and superiority.

Exploiting experts’ asymmetric knowledge structures for consensus reaching: a multi-criteria group decision making model with three-way conflict analysis and opinion dynamics

Exploiting experts’ asymmetric knowledge structures for consensus reaching: a multi-criteria group decision making model with three-way conflict analysis and opinion dynamics

Trisection-fusion and fusion-trisection methods of three-way conflict analysis with Pythagorean fuzzy information

A basic task of Pawlak conflict analysis is to cluster agents based on their attitudes towards various issues. When ratings of agents are imprecise and uncertain, for example, as represented by a Pythagorean fuzzy situation table, single-measure based methods fall short in ensuring the accuracy of agent clusters. Multi-measure based conflict analysis methods are more effective for generating higher-quality agent clusters. The objective of this paper is to propose two new multi-measure based methods under uncertainty represented by Pythagorean fuzzy sets. We introduce three distinct conflict measures regarding an issue by leveraging the maximum positive and negative agents. The first measure is based on support degrees, the second measure incorporates opposition degrees, and the third measure considers both support and opposition degrees. These measures trisect a set of agents into three disjoint coalitions concerning an individual issue. For multiple issues, we propose two models by combing the two fundamental tasks, namely, trisection and fusion. A trisection-fusion model amalgamates a family of trisections generated from multiple issues based on conflict measures regarding single issues. Matrix representations of trisections are provided, and trisection fusions are transformed into a series of matrix operations. A fusion-trisection model trisects the set of agents according to fused conflict measures on multiple issues. To demonstrate the value of the two models, we apply them in assisting decision-makers in Hunan Province, China, to adjust development plans. The experimental results show that multi-measure based models offer decision-makers more comprehensive guidance.

Weighted three-way conflict analysis in multi-attribute decision-making perspective

In real life, multiple issues may have different weights in leading to conflicts. Some of the existing conflict analysis literature related to weight does not involve an explicit weight method, and some use common methods such as entropy weight method. This paper aims to design a reasonable weighting method for the inherent characteristics of conflict analysis. The main motivation is that the issues getting vast majority of support (or opposition) are assumed to be more likely to cause intense conflicts. Firstly, a novel weighting method using N-bounded symmetric concave reciprocal function is brought in. Some properties of the method such as duality, objectivity and symmetry are discussed. Then, by embedding the weights into the existing distance function a weighted three-way conflict analysis model is proposed. Next the thresholds of conflict, alliance and neutrality relations are given by decision-theoretic rough set theory. In addition, as a main characteristic of the model, the conflict distance between any two agents is determined by the overall conflict table rather than their own. Finally, the model of this paper is compared with the existing conflict analysis weight model. At the same time, a comparative simulation experiment was carried out on the weight change and the number of maximal coalitions. The new weighted conflict model proposed in this paper can effectively compensate for the limitations of existing weighted models, especially in three-valued information systems and multi-valued information systems. It can also theoretically expand the field of three-way conflict analysis.

Three-way conflict analysis model under agent-agent mutual selection environment

Conflict analysis is an effective methodology for comprehensively analyzing conflicts. Utilizing Pawlak's rough set theory, the traditional conflict analysis model investigates the origins of conflict by evaluating agents' positions on various issues and provides feasible solutions to resolve conflicts. However, it predominantly centers on the conflicts within a single agent set and fails to address the case of conflicts between two agent sets under mutual selection environment (called agent-agent mutual selection), which also frequently appears in the real world. Different from the traditional conflict analysis model, in agent-agent mutual selection, conflicts not only originate between two agents within a set due to their common preference but also originate between two agent sets due to their attitudes on a pairing strategy. Therefore, the issue of agent-agent mutual selection requires simultaneously considering the preference of two agent sets. To study this problem, we propose a three-way conflict analysis model to analyze agent-agent mutual selection. The model not only reveals the internal causes of conflicts between two agents in a set but also explores the degree of conflict between two sets of agents. A method to minimize the conflict between two sets of agents is also designed by maximizing the satisfaction degree (SD) of the valid pairing. Experiments indicate that the satisfaction degree (SD) derived from the agent-agent conflict analysis model exceeds that of the agent-issue conflict analysis model.

Interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy three-way conflict analysis based on cumulative prospect theory

This paper makes a significant contribution to the field of conflict analysis by introducing a novel Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Three-Way Conflict Analysis (IVIFTWCA) method, which is anchored in cumulative prospect theory. The method’s key innovation lies in its use of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy numbers to represent an agent’s stance, addressing the psychological dimensions and risk tendencies of decision-makers that have been largely overlooked in previous studies. The IVIFTWCA method categorizes conflict situations into affirmative, impartial, and adverse coalitions, leveraging the evaluation of the closeness function and predefined thresholds. It incorporates a reference point, value functions and cumulative weight functions to assess risk preferences, leading to the formulation of precise decision rules and thresholds. The method’s efficacy and applicability are demonstrated through detailed examples and comparative analysis, and its exceptional performance is confirmed through a series of experiments, offering a robust framework for real-world decision-making in conflict situations.

Grey conflict analysis approach with constraints

PurposeWe attempt to construct a grey three-way conflict analysis model with constraints to deal with correlated conflict problems with uncertain information.Design/methodology/approachIn order to address these correlated conflict problems with uncertain information, considering the interactive influence and mutual restraints among agents and portraying their attitudes toward the conflict issues, we utilize grey numbers and three-way decisions to propose a grey three-way conflict analysis model with constraints. Firstly, based on the collected information, we introduced grey theory, calculated the degree of conflict between agents and then analyzed the conflict alliance based on the three-way decision theory. Finally, we designed a feedback mechanism to identify key agents and key conflict issues. A case verifies the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed model.FindingsThe results show that the proposed model can portray their attitudes toward conflict issues and effectively extract conflict-related information.Originality/valueBy employing this approach, we can provide the answers to Deja’s fundamental questions regarding Pawlak’s conflict analysis: “what are the underlying causes of conflict?” and “how can a viable consensus strategy be identified?”

A lattice-theoretic model of three-way conflict analysis

Pawlak conflict analysis uses a three-valued situation table for representing the ratings of a set of agents on a set of issues. This paper examines a lattice-theoretic basis of three-way conflict analysis. Qualitatively, we adopt a triangle, namely, an MS.F-bilattice, to characterize the structures of agents ratings, which gives an intuitive and effective tool for ordering a single agent and a pair of agents. We consider a strength ordering and a rating ordering to construct MS.F-bilattices. By applying the principles of three-way decision as thinking in threes, we trisect, according to the rating ordering, the nine pairs of ratings into three regions: potential opposition (PO), potential conflict (PC), and potential support (PS) regions. For each region, according to the strength ordering, we construct the weak, medium, and strong three subregions. Quantitatively, we introduce opposition-alliance and support-alliance measures based on the rating ordering for one issue to trisect these pairs of ratings into PO, PC, and PS regions. We study opposition strength, conflict strength, and support strength measures based on strength ordering for one issue to trisect each of the three regions into three subregions. Finally, we extend the five types of measures for a set of issues. The lattice-theoretic model of three-way conflict analysis clarifies the semantics of pairs of ratings by two agents and gives a different perspective on trisection methods in conflict analysis. To demonstrate the value of the proposed methods, we analyze a case study of the development planning of the Gansu Province of China.

Conflict Analysis Triggered by Three-Way Decision and Pythagorean Fuzzy Rough Set

Conflict is ubiquitous in human society and has a profound impact on various fields such as the economy, politics, law, and military. Many scholars have focused on exploring the internal mechanisms and potential solutions to conflicts. Notably, describing agents’ attitudes is an effective way to construct a conflict model. However, in decision-making, agents’ attitudes on issues are often vague and ambiguous. Pythagorean fuzzy set can deal with fuzzy information more accurately than intuitionistic fuzzy set. On the basis of this understanding, we investigate the conflicts from the perspective of Pythagorean fuzzy set. Firstly, we use Pythagorean fuzzy numbers to express the attitudes of agents on issues, and subsequently establish a Pythagorean fuzzy conflict information system. Secondly, we classify agents into three categories by a pair of thresholds to establish a trisected agent set model with risk preference. Thirdly, we construct a three-way conflict analysis model based on multi-granulation Pythagorean fuzzy decision-theoretic rough set and discuss both global and local conflicts by combining conflict analysis with multi-granulation decision-theoretic rough set. Finally, we discuss the relationships and properties of the proposed conflict analysis models.

A three-way conflict analysis model with decision makers’ varying preferences

The preferences of decision makers (DMs) over conflicting states have a significant impact on the stability of the conflict system. However, the DM’s preferences over conflicting states are generally unclear and variable, as they are influenced by the unpredictability of future situations of nature and the psychological behavior of DMs. To deal with multi-issue conflict problems, since the interval grey number and three-way decisions can reveal the mechanism of DMs’ grey and varying preferences in uncertain natural situations, we exploit grey system theory, conflict analysis, and three-way decisions to establish a novel conflict analysis model with varying decision makers’ preferences, and a conflict case of industry-university-research innovation alliance verifies the efficacy and rationality of the model.

A dynamic three-way conflict analysis model with adaptive thresholds

Three-way conflict analysis model, based on information systems, is about trisecting, getting coalitions and decision-making. Since the model is proposed by Yao, many models have been proposed to enrich the field of three-way conflict analysis. In this paper, we propose a new three-way conflict analysis model. Our work can be divided into four parts. First, we define new fuzzy granules and an new approximation operator to obtain better trisections. Second, we introduce dynamic information systems which are generalizations of classical information systems. The new information systems enable us to induce trisections dynamically. Third, a new Bayesian algorithm is proposed for thresholds-computing which plays an important role in inducing trisections. In the classical Bayesian approach, there are six original parameters given subjectively. And in our algorithm, the parameters are replaced by three centers and a distance measure. Finally, our new model is applied to tourism planning in two cases, one can be presented by a dynamic information system and the other one can be presented by a dispersed information system generalized from dynamic information system.

Regret theory based three-way conflict analysis model under q-rung orthopair fuzzy information: studies with parameter and three-way decision-making-based approaches

Regret theory based three-way conflict analysis model under q-rung orthopair fuzzy information: studies with parameter and three-way decision-making-based approaches

Three-way conflict analysis with similarity degree on an issue set

Three-way conflict analysis with similarity degree on an issue set

Three-way conflict analysis and resolution based on q-rung orthopair fuzzy information

In solving some complex conflict problems, compared with intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) and Pythagorean fuzzy sets (PFSs), q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets (q-ROFSs) can better express and model imprecise information. In addition, three-way decisions (TWDs), an emerging theory of simulating human decision-making behavior, play an increasingly important role in the study of conflict problems. In order to solve conflict problems under q-rung orthopair fuzzy information (q-ROFI), we propose a three-way conflict analysis and resolution model based on TWDs and decision-theoretic rough sets (DTRSs) theory, which provides another answer for Deja's fundamental questions about Pawlak's conflict model, namely, “what are the inherent causes of conflict?” and “how can a viable strategy be found?” different from the existing ones. To be specific, firstly, we define new conflict distances and conflict function for q-ROFI system using aggregation functions and weight determination method, and prove some of their properties. On this basis, the concepts of three-level of contention set and agent set, a trisection of conflict set under individual contention and contention set, and maximum doughty coalition of q-ROFI are introduced. Secondly, after introducing the rough approximation threshold calculation method on the basis of standard evaluation set, to find the optimal viable strategy under the given q-ROFI, we calculate and sort the score function by the upper and lower approximation operators in the proposed q-rung orthopair fuzzy decision-theoretic rough sets (q-ROFDTRSs) model. Thirdly, we use the proposed model to study a land-use conflict case in a metropolitan area to verify the feasibility. Finally, from sensitivity and comparative analysis, we verify the stability and validity of the q-ROFDTRSs model.

Three-way decision for probabilistic linguistic conflict analysis via compounded risk preference

Three-way decision, an essential granular computing research tool, provides an efficient solution to complex and uncertain problems. Behavioral decision theory can analyze the risk preferences of decision-makers effectively. Scholars have conducted preliminary exploration on the fusion of these two theories, but it is still challenging to describe the different types of risk preferences of decision-makers. This paper combines prospect theory with regret theory and studies the compound risk preference modeling of three-way decision to address this issue. Because three attitudes of conflicts coincide with three-way decision, many scholars have conducted multi-dimensional research on three-way conflict analysis and accomplished remarkable results. However, few relevant studies consider psychological factors and risk attitudes of decision-makers, and it is more appropriate to describe agents' attitudes on issues using linguistic terms. This paper applies the proposed three-way decision model based on compounded risk preference and probabilistic linguistic term sets to the conflict analysis problem. We utilize examples to explain the decision-making process of the proposed model and three-way conflict analysis method with the influence of the compounded risk preference under the action of reference point and regret avoidance coefficient. The illustrative example illustrates that the proposed three-way decision model can effectively solve the software development conflict analysis problem for different decision-makers and the comparative analysis shows the advantages of the proposed model and method compared with the two existing methods. Finally, we verify the performance of the three-way decision model based on compounded risk preference by UCI data sets in parameter experiments. The changes of the reference point from 10 to 0 and regret avoidance coefficient in 0, 0.15 and 0.3 respectively demonstrate the trend rule of the model's thresholds and delay-decision rate index.

Three-way conflict analysis based on hybrid situation tables

The existing studies about three-way conflict analysis are based on a single type of situation tables. However, due to the complexity and uncertainty of the objective world, the rating types in a situation table may be diverse. We call this kind of situation table as a hybrid situation table. In this paper, we focus on three-way conflict analysis based on hybrid situation tables. First of all, we propose the conception of hybrid situation tables. By aggregating conflict distances for a single type of rating, we give the conception of hybrid conflict distances in a hybrid situation table. On this basis, we establish a three-way conflict analysis model w.r.t. multiple issues based on hybrid situation tables. Secondly, we define (maximal) strong alliances, (maximal) weak alliances, and maximal alliances, which can help to find a conflict resolution method in a hybrid situation table. In order to resolve conflict, we define feasible strategies in a hybrid situation table and use interval-valued decision-theoretic rough sets to approximate maximal strong alliances w.r.t. feasible strategies. Besides, we propose the conception of evaluation functions for finding an optimal strategy. Finally, we explore a governance problem of government to illustrate the validity and feasibility of the proposed method.

Three-way conflict analysis in dual hesitant fuzzy situation tables

Conflict occurs in all aspects of life, and people tend to consider a variety of factors in the face of it and hesitate to make decisions among multiple choices. This paper performs a three-way conflict analysis in the dual hesitant fuzzy case. Firstly, we propose the concept of dual hesitant fuzzy situation tables (DHFSTs). Subsequently, we trisect the pairs of agents and objectively calculate issue weights by CRITIC method rather than subjective assignments. According to Bayesian minimum risk theory, we derive trisection of agents, in which the state set is calculated objectively. Then, we analyze three issue sets through the conflicting characters of issues, which provides a new way to consider the trisection of issues. In addition, we put forward the definition of maximal coalitions in DHFSTs and give an effective calculation method. Finally, we illustrate the feasibility of the proposed model by analyzing the development plan in Gansu Province, and conduct a brief comparative analysis.

Three-way conflict analysis based on interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy sets and prospect theory

Three-way conflict analysis based on interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy sets and prospect theory

Modeling relationships in three-way conflict analysis with subsethood measures

The relations on agents and issues are essential topics in three-way conflict analysis. While there is a general agreement on the formulation and understanding of relations regarding individual agents and issues, different opinions have been proposed when it involves agent or issue sets. On the one hand, these opinions provide diverse perspectives on interpreting the relations, enriching approaches to other essential topics in conflict analysis, such as finding a feasible strategy for a group of agents. On the other hand, a general and unified framework still needs to be developed in order to investigate the relations systematically and uniformly. Based on the quantitative subsethood measures, this work presents such a framework and conducts a comprehensive and systematic study of the relations in conflict analysis. We pay particular attention to the agent relations with respect to a set of issues and the relations between individual agents and issue sets, which are in the spotlight of the existing works. For each of them, we present a general formulation of the relations using subsethood measures and show that a few popular existing formulations could be explained and formulated under the presented formulation.

Formal concept analysis perspectives on three-way conflict analysis

Pawlak conflict analysis focuses on three-valued ratings of a set of agents on a set of issues, in which the three values +, 0, and − indicate, respectively, that an agent is positive, neutral, and negative about an issue. According to their shared ratings, we can form different types of agent coalitions and, similarly, different types of issue bundles (i.e., families of issues to be considered together). The main objective of this paper is to introduce and investigate connections of agent coalitions and issue bundles from Wille formal concept analysis perspectives. By interpreting a three-valued rating table as four different formal contexts, we introduce four types of agent coalitions, namely, support, non-opposition, opposition, and non-support coalitions, the corresponding four types of issue bundles, and four lattices of coalition-bundle couplings. The lattices reveal structural information of agents and issues in a conflict situation. To demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed model, we analyze the problem of development planning of the Gansu Province of China.