Three-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Research Articles

Low complexity model predictive current control for dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor with extended control set and duty cycle modulation

Low complexity model predictive current control for dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor with extended control set and duty cycle modulation

Online Fault Detection of Open-Circuit Faults in a DTP-PMSM Using Double DQ Current Prediction

This research proposes a strategy to diagnose open-phase faults (OPF) and open-switching faults (OSF) in dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (DTP-PMSM) inverters. The method is based on the dual d–q predictive current model and involves establishing a mathematical model and utilizing the finite control set model predictive current extraction technique to predict the motor current. It then analyzes the characteristics of the switching-tube current under both normal and fault conditions. Finally, a fault predictive current model is introduced and the residual is calculated based on the predicted fault current value and the actual measured current value to diagnose the inverter fault. The proposed method effectively overcomes misjudgment issues encountered in traditional open-circuit fault diagnosis of inverters. It enhances the system’s response speed during dynamic processes and strengthens the robustness of diagnosis algorithm parameters. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can rapidly, effectively, and accurately diagnose open-circuit faults presented in this paper fastest within one-fifth of a current cycle. It achieves a diagnostic accuracy rate of 97% in the dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system.

Drive Control Technology of Dual Three Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Electric Propulsion Aircraft

Green aviation is one of the effective ways to cope with future oil energy shortages and improve the atmospheric environment. As the executing mechanism of electric propulsion aircraft, the fault tolerance and safety of the electric drive system are the primary considerations. This article uses dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) to drive propellers to provide power for electric propulsion aircraft. Firstly, the working principle of the propellers is analyzed, and a simulation model of the propellers is established using Simulink; Secondly, the space vector control method of dual three-phase PMSM is elaborated, and two different forms of space vector control are compared. At the same time, a vector control model of dual three-phase PMSM is established, and the third harmonic content of dual three-phase PMSM under two different space vectors is compared through simulation. Finally, establish a simulation model of dual three-phase PMSM driving propeller, compare the motor phase current and driving performance of different vector control methods, and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different vector control methods.

Geometric principle-based deadbeat predictive control with low-torque ripple for dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors

Geometric principle-based deadbeat predictive control with low-torque ripple for dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors

Dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors model predictive torque control based on zero common-mode voltage

This article proposes a multi-vector model predictive torque control strategy based on zero common-mode voltage to suppress common-mode voltage and harmonic currents in a dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor. Firstly, 20 zero common-mode voltage vectors are selected from the traditional 64 basic voltage vectors. By synthesizing these 20 vectors into 6 virtual voltage vectors (VVV), control over the harmonic plane is achieved, reducing harmonic currents and eliminating common-mode voltage. Then, the control error of the flux is reduced by increasing the number of vectors to achieve the purpose of reducing the flux ripple. Finally, through duty cycle modulation, multi-vector model predictive torque control extends the modulation range to the entire sector plane. Simulation results confirm that this strategy can effectively suppress harmonic currents and common mode voltage.

Direct power control of dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor based on multiple vectors

In response to the traditional mode of dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous generator switch form vector direct power control (DPC), the current harmonics are large, the active (P) and reactive (Q) harmonic oscillations are large, and the unstable losses of each phase current are large. A virtual voltage vector direct power control method based on duty cycle modulation is proposed. This method compares and synthesizes the two vectors of the outermost and second layers of the PWM rectifier, as well as three large vector synthesis methods, to obtain 12 new virtual voltage vectors. Then, the combined voltage vector is directly modulated into the deadbeat switching table, and the optimal predicted vector value is calculated based on the principle of the deadbeat formula, further suppressing the problem of large fluctuations in active and reactive power. Results show that the proposed multi-vector composite odd even quadrant DPC can effectively reduce current harmonics and power ripple, make the phase current more stable, reduce motor operating losses, and significantly improve the motor.

Open-Circuit Fault-Tolerant Control for Dual Three-Phase PMSM With Minimum Torque Ripple Considering Phase Back EMF Harmonics

This paper proposed an open-circuit fault-tolerant control method for dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (DTPPMSM), which takes the back electromotive force (back EMF) harmonics into consideration and can achieve the minimum torque ripple. From the perspective of machine ontology and electromagnetic power, this paper analyzed the influence of back EMF harmonics on torque ripple. On this basis, by adjusting the phase of currents, specific order torque ripple components which can offset each other can be generated by the back EMF fundamental wave and harmonics, thus suppressing the specific order torque ripple of the whole motor. Furthermore, not limited to specific order torque ripple, the method can also be used to obtain the minimum overall torque ripple under open-circuit operation. Finite element analysis (FEA) and prototype experiment are employed to verify the proposed method.

Comparative Study of Advanced Modulation and Control Schemes for Dual Three-Phase PMSM Drives With Low Switching Frequencies

In this paper, multiple advanced low-switching-frequency modulation and control schemes are investigated for dual three-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. The modulation schemes under investigation include multisampling space vector modulation (MS-SVM), selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation (SHEPWM) and synchronous optimal pulse width modulation (SOPWM) while the control schemes include complex vector control, model predictive control (MPC) and flux trajectory control-based model predictive pulse pattern control (MP <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> C). The difference between three-phase and dual three-phase PMSM drives at low switching frequencies is analyzed. Moreover, an optimal pulse width modulation (PWM)-based MP <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> C scheme is proposed for the dual three-phase PMSM, where the optimal PWM modulation and MP <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> C control are combined such that the optimal steady-state and dynamic control performance is achieved among the modulation and control schemes investigated. Experimental results are given to compare and validate the proposed control scheme.

A Review on the Fault-Tolerant Method of PMSM using Finite Element Method by Modifying Phase Angle for EV Applications

Abstract: The present research reviews a fault-tolerant technique for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) that involves phase angle adjustment. Fault tolerance standards for the motor used in electric vehicles are necessary due to the rapid development of these vehicles. The primary option for electric vehicle drive motors is increasingly being replaced with permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM), which have minimal torque ripple, great durability, and other benefits. After comparing a six-phase PMSM to a conventional three-phase PMSM, the performance following a phase open is examined. A fault-tolerant technique for modifying the left phase current's phase angle to reduce torque ripple following a phase open is then described. The finite element simulation indicates that the six-phase PMSM's output torque ripple is reduced, and the fault-tolerant technique that is being described can further reduce the torque ripple.

An Open-Circuit Fault Diagnosis System Based on Neural Networks in the Inverter of Three-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM)

Three-phase motors find extensive applications in various industries. Open-circuit faults are a common occurrence in inverters, and the open-circuit fault diagnosis system plays a crucial role in identifying and addressing these faults to enhance the safety of motor operations. Nevertheless, the current open-circuit fault diagnosis system faces challenges in precisely detecting specific faulty switches. The proposed work presents a neural network-based open-circuit fault diagnosis system for identifying faulty power switches in inverter-driven motor systems. The system leverages trained phase-to-phase voltage data from the motor to recognize the type and location of faults in each phase with high accuracy. Employing separate neural networks for each of the three phases in a three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor, the system achieves an outstanding overall fault detection accuracy of approximately 99.8%, with CNN and CNN-LSTM architectures demonstrating superior performance. This work makes two key contributions: (1) implementing neural networks to significantly improve the accuracy of locating faulty switches in open-circuit fault scenarios, and (2) identifying the optimal neural network architecture for effective fault diagnosis within the proposed system.

Application of AdaBoost for stator fault diagnosis in three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors based on vibration–current data fusion analysis

Application of AdaBoost for stator fault diagnosis in three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors based on vibration–current data fusion analysis

Diagnosis of Power Switch Faults in Three-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors via Current-Signature Technique

The paper deals with the development of a model-based current-signature algorithm for the detection and isolation of power switch faults in three-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs). The algorithm, by elaborating the motor currents feedbacks, reconstructs the current phasor trajectories in the Clarke plane through elliptical fittings, up to detecting and isolating the fault depending on the characteristics of the signature deviation from the nominal one. As a rough approximation, as typically proposed in the literature, the fault of one out of six power switches implies that, at constant speed operation, the phasor trajectory deviates from the nominal circular path up to a semi-circular “D-shape” signature, the inclination of which depends on the failed converter leg. However, this evolution can significantly deviate in practical cases, due to the dynamics related to the transition of motor phase connections from failed to active switches. The study demonstrates that an online ellipse fitting of the current signature can be effective for diagnosis, through correlating the ellipse centre to the location of the failed switch. The performances of the proposed monitoring technique are here assessed via the nonlinear simulation of a PMSM employed for the propulsion of a lightweight fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), by quantifying the fault latencies and the related transients.

Comparative Investigation of DSP-Based Speed Control of PMSM Using Proportional Integral and Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Logic Controller

This paper presents the simulation and experimental results of speed control of a three-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). The control techniques employed in this work include a Proportional Integral (PI) controller and a Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Logic Controller (TS-FLC). While theory and simulation help in predicting the PI controller settings for real drive implementation, further adjustment of the PI controller coefficients is still needed for optimal performance. However, the complexity of PI controller tuning can be overcome by employing a fuzzy logic controller, which is less affected by variations in model parameters and load torque. Two variants of the proposed TS-FLC are implemented: a simple algorithm with 9 rules and a standard algorithm with 49 rules. The drive system utilizes Field Oriented Control (FOC). The control program is developed using the C/C++ programming language and executed on the Texas Instruments TMS320LF28335 Digital Signal Processor (DSP), known for its intelligent motor control capabilities. The drive system evaluation was performed through simulations and experimentation using the MCK28335 professional development kit provided by Technosoft Company. The simulation and experimental results of the proposed controllers are compared under various conditions, including speed reversal and load torque variations.

A Computationally Efficient Model Predictive Control Method for Dual Three-Phase PMSM of Electric Vehicle With Fixed Switching Frequency

Aiming at the problems of large harmonic current, unfixed switching frequency and heavy calculation burden in the model predictive current control (MPCC) methods of dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (DT-PMSM). This paper presents a computationally efficient MPCC method with a fixed switching frequency. Firstly, the virtual voltage vectors (V <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> s) are synthesized by two large vectors and two medium-small vectors. The V <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> s effectively reduce the harmonic currents, and the goal of the synthetic V <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> is that the harmonic current in the x-y subspace is zero. Therefore, the weighting factor of the harmonic term is eliminated in the cost function. Secondly, an optimal voltage vector selection method is designed to reduce the candidate voltage vectors in the control set and relieves the calculation burden. In addition, to further reduce ripple current and torque ripple, the duty cycle modulation method is introduced to calculate the dwell time of the V <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . The zero vector is inserted in the middle and both sides of the V <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> s to achieve the purpose of fixing the switching frequency. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experiments.

Vibration-current data fusion and gradient boosting classifier for enhanced stator fault diagnosis in three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors

Vibration-current data fusion and gradient boosting classifier for enhanced stator fault diagnosis in three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors

Acoustic Noise Reduction for Low-Speed Sensorless Operation of Dual Three-Phase PMSM With Random Winding Injection

This paper proposes a pseudorandom sinusoidal voltage signal with random winding injection method to improve the acoustic noise reduction performance for the dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (DTP-PMSM). Compared to the conventional pseudorandom frequency sinusoidal injection method, the proposed method achieves better noise reduction with similar performance in position estimation. Two fixed frequency signals are randomly selected as injection signals. Then, one of the two sets of windings of the DTP-PMSM is randomly chosen for injection. Due to this unique injection scheme, the injected frequency component in the response current can be reduced. Two pseudorandom numbers are generated synchronously by the digital signal system. The first random number selects two voltage signals with different frequencies. Meanwhile, one of the two sets of windings is chosen by the second random number. Thus, there is only one winding with the injection signal at a certain time. In addition, the power spectral density of the response current caused by the injected signal is analyzed. Finally, the experimental results verify the proposed method.

Sensorless control of dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor based on speed feedback and frequency-variable tracking.

The dual three-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) control system is characterized by its high reliability, slight torque fluctuation and low harmonic content. It is very suitable for systems requiring high power output and high reliability, for instance, electric vehicles, aerospace and military equipment. In this paper, a full speed domain sensorless control technology for dual three-phase PMSM is proposed which solves the limitations of other sensorless controls, improves system accuracy and stability, and has high practicality in fields such as new energy vehicles. The mathematical model of this motor in a static coordinate system is established, and the sine and cosine signals along with the velocity and angle information are obtained by using the flux linkage observer. Moreover, the estimated angle error parameter is introduced into the flux linkage observer; as a result, the estimation accuracy is improved by the estimated speed feedback, and the current frequency is tracked by the stator current Frequency-Variable Tracker (FVT) to reduce the current error. Meanwhile, to make the observer's estimation more accurate and to improve its ability to resist disturbance, a rotor disturbance is added to act as a disturbance variable. Through the mechanical motion equation of the motor, a fourth-order Extended State Observer (ESO) is built to calculate the rotor position and speed. Finally, the technology accuracy is verified using simulation and experimental results. The findings prove that the sensorless detection technology, with speed feedback introduce in this paper, has good reliability and high precision for dual three-phase PMSM under dynamic and static conditions.

Modification of permanent magnet ac electric scooter motor to test controlled stator electrical faults

This paper presents the electrical modification of the windings of a 350 W three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) of an electric scooter to insert short-circuit faults in a controlled manner. The in-wheel motor (outer rotor) was altered in two of its windings in order to cause two types of faults: short-circuit fault between windings and short-circuit faults between winding and stator structure (chassis). The type of fault of interest to cause is the incipient type (small in magnitude); therefore the selection of the taps will be in the same coils or close to the star point. To guarantee that the values of the electrical parameters in the windings (resistance and self inductance) correspond to those of the manufacturer, they are measured by means of instruments and the industrial method is also used to obtain the nominal values without the presence of a fault and in the presence of incipient short-circuit faults. Faults are entered manually and temporarily by means of electrical contactors; the information is measured by means of an RLC instrument and an oscilloscope for current and voltage measurement in each phase.

Angular Velocity Control of Three-Phase PMSM Using Only Stator Currents and Angular Position

A strategy of angular velocity control of the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor is presented in its natural reference frame, i.e., no transformations are made to the mathematical model, so the design of the control algorithm is carried out with the three differential equations obtained for the stator windings as well as with the electromagnetic torque that results with the three stator currents, with the assumption that only the signals of both the stator currents and the angular position are available. To obtain a signal that relates to angular velocity, a state-space representation of a second-order linear filter is used. Likewise, a formal stability analysis of the entire system is presented.

Extended State Observer-Based Predictive Current Control for Dual Three-Phase PMSM with High Dynamic Performance

Model predictive controllers are widely discussed in the field of dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor control. However, conventional predictive current controllers usually suffer from parameter inaccuracies or model uncertainties, resulting in prediction errors and deterioration of control performance. Therefore, in this paper, an extended state observer-based (ESO) model predictive current controller is proposed to effectively improve the dynamic performance of the motor and its robustness to parameters or disturbances. Parameter inaccuracies or model uncertainties are considered to be lumped disturbances and expressed in the modified mathematical model of the motor. Then, with the designed observer estimating the external disturbances in real time, the prediction error is compensated and corrected periodically. Additionally, the parameter design method of the observer is presented to simplify the controller design. Finally, comparative experiments are implemented to sufficiently demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for dynamic performance improvement as well as for parameter robustness. The results show that the proposed method takes only 17μs of computation time with a closed-loop bandwidth of 1839rad/s. In addition, the maximum d-axis following error of the proposed method is only 0.10A in the load dynamics experiments, which is a significant improvement compared to the 0.79A of the traditional proportional-integral controller.