Three-phase Induction Motor Research Articles

Common Faults and Maintenance of Three-phase AC Asynchronous Motors

Application of three-phase AC asynchronous motor in industrial applied in many aspect following function that need to use. In operation use, many troubles may cause motor equipment not to operate or break down by the motor itself or caused by a system including protection, control system, interlocking device, and others causes. Aiming at the actual situation that three-phase AC asynchronous motors are widely used and have a high failure rate, this paper focuses on analyzing the common failures and abnormal phenomena of three-phase AC asynchronous motors and their main causes. This Research Method is reinforced by the actual monitoring of the locality where the equipment is installed. At the same time, some specific preventive measures and treatment methods are proposed to timely discover and eliminate the potential accidents of motors as much as possible and ensure the safe operation of motors. In conclusion, the aspects that need to be considered are one by one. There are 2 general classifications to determine possible faults, the first is about the operating conditions that the equipment motor should monitor and take the scheduled data to know about the actual conditions including power quality, temperature rise, vibration analysis, and physical abnormalities during the operation of the unit.

An innovative MRAS-based technique for online detection of short-circuit faults in three-phase induction motor windings

An innovative MRAS-based technique for online detection of short-circuit faults in three-phase induction motor windings

Research on Radial Vibration Model and Low-Frequency Vibration Suppression Method in PMSM by Injecting Multiple Symmetric Harmonic Currents

Driven by frequency conversion, the windings of a three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) contain both odd and even harmonic currents. Due to the motor’s pole–slot conductance modulation, the interaction between the magnetic fields generated by these harmonic currents and the permanent magnet field results in harmonic radial vibrations of the motor. This paper analyzes the three-phase currents of the prototype and derives the radial magnetomotive force (MMF) spatiotemporal models for symmetric harmonic currents. By integrating Maxwell’s magnetic force formula and vibration response formula, the radial vibration models for symmetric harmonic currents are developed. The characteristics of vibrations caused by odd and even harmonic currents, as well as positive sequence and negative sequence harmonic currents, are analyzed separately. A cyclic sequence, low-frequency vibration suppression control method incorporating multiple harmonic current injections was designed. Experimental results of this method are compared with those obtained using an ideal sinusoidal current. Except for the second harmonic vibration, all other vibrations are significantly suppressed, with a maximum suppression rate of 92.28%. The total vibration level is reduced by 12.7619 dB, and the average torque is reduced by 0.67% with the total harmonic distortion of the current at 2.89%. The experimental results show that the vibration method in this paper has little influence on the average torque of the motor, the current distortion rate is small, and the vibration suppression effect is good.

Performance improvement of a three phase induction squired-cage motor by winding topology configuration

The aim of this paper is to determine the optimal stator winding topology configuration for a 75 kW three-phase squirrel cage motor that provides the highest efficiency, power factor, and optimal starting parameters. The induction motor is simulated using Cedrat FLUX2D finite element software, which enables accurate modeling of its performance. Initially, the motor operation is simulated using the originally manufactured winding topology. Then, several alternative winding topology configurations are tested through numerical simulations. The performance results for each configuration are compared with those obtained from the original winding topology to identify the best option. The simulation results show that the shortened pitch concentric winding, combining both single and double layers, is the winding topology that offers the highest performance for the motor under study, significantly enhancing the overall efficiency of the system. These findings highlight the potential of optimized winding configurations in improving motor performance and energy efficiency.

Development of a Multi-Motor Asynchronous Electric Drive with Changes in the Coordinated Rotation of the Supply Voltages of the Motors

This study considered the issue of increasing the synchronizing capacity of a system for the coordinated rotation of asynchronous motors. Electromechanical relationships were obtained for changes in the value of the supply voltage of individual motors, the total rotor resistance (Ra), and the angular positions of the rotors (φ1, φ2, and φ3), with possible changes in angular misalignment. Additionally, we created an algorithm for calculating the currents and torques of the system’s motors within 0 and 90о and constructed the relevant mechanical characteristics. Ultimately, we developed various versions of multi-motor asynchronous electric drives with regulation and supply voltages (Un = 0.7 ÷ 1.0), featuring increasing and equalizing torques (Mn = 1.0 ÷ 1.4) in the system as a whole, along with the preliminary synchronization and synchronous braking of all motors.

Electric Vehicle Sentiment Analysis Using Large Language Models

Sentiment analysis is a technique used to understand the public’s opinion towards an event, product, or organization. For example, sentiment analysis can be used to understand positive or negative opinions or attitudes towards electric vehicle (EV) brands. This provides companies with valuable insight into the public’s opinion of their products and brands. In the field of natural language processing (NLP), transformer models have shown great performance compared to traditional machine learning algorithms. However, these models have not been explored extensively in the EV domain. EV companies are becoming significant competitors in the automotive industry and are projected to cover up to 30% of the United States light vehicle market by 2030 In this study, we present a comparative study of large language models (LLMs) including bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT), robustly optimised BERT (RoBERTa), and a generalised autoregressive pre-training method (XLNet) using Lucid Motors and Tesla Motors YouTube datasets. Results evidenced that LLMs like BERT and her variants are off-the-shelf algorithms for sentiment analysis, specifically when fine-tuned. Furthermore, our findings present the need for domain adaptation whilst utilizing LLMs. Finally, the experimental results showed that RoBERTa achieved consistent performance across the EV datasets with an F1 score of at least 92%.

Rancang Bangun Miniatur Plant Pusat Simulator Pompa Air Kotor Menggunakan Panel Kontrol Relay Kontaktor

Water pumps play an important role in the management of wastewater, particularly in maintaining environmental cleanliness and health. This research aims to design and create a miniature plant simulator for wastewater pumps using a relay contactor control panel. This miniature plant is designed to simulate the operation of the wastewater pump system automatically, replacing the often inefficient manual methods. The research process begins by determining the main components needed, such as a three-phase induction motor, contactors, thermal overload relays, and related sensors. Subsequently, the design and construction of the simulator and its control panel are carried out. Implementation includes testing the functionality of each component and the integrity of the overall system, including individual component testing and testing under system failure conditions. The research results show that the miniature plant simulator built functions well as expected. The automatic control system using relay contactors has proven effective in operating the water pump efficiently and safely. This miniature plant can be used not only as a learning tool but also as a prototype for developing larger and more complex wastewater pump control systems

Speed control and maximum efficiency operation of three‐phase squirrel cage induction motors supplied by modified Γ−Z$\Gamma - Z$ impedance source inverter

AbstractA three‐phase squirrel cage induction motor (IM) drive system supplied by a new modified structure of impedance source inverter ( ISI) is proposed. The two main goals are speed (torque) control, and efficiency improvement. The modified ISI has the ability to boost the input voltage. This improves the operation range of the system particularly for limited DC‐link voltage conditions. A first order integral‐terminal sliding mode (ITSM) controller is designed incorporating the motor and inverter dynamic model equations. The maximum efficiency strategy based on Lagrange's theorem is achieved by optimizing the motor input power (input energy) as the objective function under the constant load torque. The maximum efficiency strategy using energy saving is suitable for electric drive system applications. Also, the control method is resilient to any change in motor parameters and unmodulated system dynamics. Furthermore, its output control error can be eliminated in a limited interval. Finally, a prototype of the system using a 1.5 kW three‐phase squirrel cage IM is provided and several tests are conducted. The experimental results show the efficacy of the proposed method.

Comprehensive assessment of factors affecting the operational reliability of low-voltage asynchronous electric motors of a coal mining complex

THE RELEVANCE of this study lies in solving the problem of reliable functioning of elements of energy systems and ensuring their effective operation during open-pit mining. The paper presents a methodological approach that allows us to assess the level of reliability of low-voltage asynchronous electric motors in a coal mine with complex mining, geological and climatic conditions of production. THE PURPOSE of the work is to quantify the operational factors affecting the service life of an asynchronous electric motor with a short-circuited rotor. Attention is focused on how influencing factors, different in physical basis, among which electrical parameters are highlighted – the coefficient of voltage asymmetry in the reverse sequence, the coefficients of harmonic voltage components and environmental parameters – temperature, air humidity and dustiness, affect the dynamics of changes in the service life of an asynchronous electric motor. Asynchronous electric motors used at one of the enterprises of JSC SUEK in the Trans-Baikal Territory are considered as an object of research. METHODS. The main tool for the implementation of research tasks is computer modeling based on the Matlab software package. RESULTS. The studies were performed on an asynchronous electric motor with a short-circuited rotor with Ph = 3 kW, rated speed 1500 rpm. The simulation of the operating mode of the electric motor under study was performed by changing the experimental parameters: the values of the total coefficient of harmonic voltage components (KU) – from 4 to 12% with a range of 2%; the values of the voltage asymmetry coefficient in the reverse sequence (K2U) – from 0 to 4% with a range of 1%; the ambient temperature (∆Tокr) – from -30°C to +30°C with a range of 10°C; air humidity values (Vc) – 20% and 60%; dust thermal conductivity coefficient values (Kт) – 0,12 and 0,28. Based on the obtained research results, diagrams are constructed that clearly illustrate the dynamics of changes in the service life of an asynchronous electric motor depending on the combination of influencing factors. CONCLUSION. The trends in solving the issues of reliable functioning of a coal mining enterprise with the presence of asynchronous electric motors and ensuring their efficient operation are the most priority, mainly focused on maintaining the stability of technological processes and maintaining the production volumes of a coal mining enterprise. The stability of the electric motor to certain influencing factors is estimated and their critical values are established. Recommendations on the use of asynchronous electric motors are formulated, taking into account their operating conditions.

Advanced Diagnosis of Air Gap Eccentricity in Three-Phase Induction Motor Using DWT Decomposition and AI Techniques

Advanced Diagnosis of Air Gap Eccentricity in Three-Phase Induction Motor Using DWT Decomposition and AI Techniques

A Multi-Functional Integrated Onboard Charger for Dual-Motor Driving EVs

In this paper, to achieve versatile, cost-effective charging for dual-motor EVs, a multi-functional integrated onboard charger is constructed using a dual-motor driving system. In the driving mode, a five-phase flux-switching permanent-magnet (FSPM) motor powers the front, while a three-phase FSPM motor drives the rear. While in the charging mode, different topologies are adopted for different application scenarios, such as the single-phase AC charging mode, the three-phase AC charging mode, and the DC charging mode. The five-phase FSPM motor and its inverters serve as a boost-based AC/DC converter in both single-phase and three-phase AC charging modes, transforming grid power to DC. In the DC charging mode, they are reconfigured to function as a buck converter. During the three-phase AC charging mode, the three-phase FSPM motor and its inverters take on the role of a rear-stage buck converter. They function to regulate the rectified DC voltage, ensuring it meets battery charging needs. The performance of the integrated charger is validated through simulation and experiment results.

Squirrel Cage Induction Motors Accurate Modelling for Digital Twin Applications

The ongoing industrial revolution emphasizes the importance of precise machinery monitoring. Among these machines, induction motors (IMs) stand out due to their large numbers, which imply a significant part of industrial energy consumption. To achieve accurate in-service IM monitoring, robust modelling is required, with a particular emphasis on in situ constraints. In this study, we create a precise digital model for squirrel cage induction motors (SCIMs) that can be used in Industry 4.0 digital twin applications. To achieve this, we survey the existing literature, describe the main modelling techniques, identify the best models in terms of ease of implementation, and ensure the accuracy of our digital representation. We develop four methods, namely finite element analysis (FEA), thermal modelling, circuit-based models, and quantum-based fuzzy logic control, as a crucial first step in implementing digital twin (DT) technology for IMs. The quantum fuzzy logic is based on the transition from classical equations to the quantum equation determining the speed of the motor in the quantum world by passing through the Schrödinger equation. We propose the DT level of integration architecture for IMs based on the industry 4.0 reference architecture model. Finally, the main tools used to successfully implement DT for IMs are revealed.

Combination of Implementation of Antiphase and Overcurrent Relays for Protection of 0.75 kW Three-Phase Induction Motor in Industry

Three-phase induction motors are the most widely used type of motor in industry. These motor operations are generally susceptible to unbalanced voltage disturbances. This interference is caused by the loss of one or two phases on the input side of the motor. This source voltage disturbance then causes an unbalanced current which flows to the coil, causing a phase shift, overheating the coil, and if left for a long time, it causes the motor to burn out. The research aims to design and implement a combination of antiphase relay (APR) and overcurrent relay (OCR) to prevent voltage drops due to failure of one or two phases and overcurrent to prevent overheating and fires in three-phase induction motor coils. Motor testing is carried out by adjusting the magnitude of the three-phase motor source voltage in three testing stages, i.e., tests A, B, and C, under no-fault conditions, 1-phase open and 2-phase open conditions respectively. The direct test results are then validated with ETAP simulations. In direct testing, A, B, and C can produce a current and relay working time of 6 A-31.04 s, 7.1 A-20.98 s, and 8.3 A-14.93, respectively. Meanwhile, testing using ETAP simulation can produce current and relay working times of 6A-31.366 s, 7A-20.599 s, and 8A-14.822 s respectively. The combination of an APR and an OCR can detect and interrupt voltage drops and overload currents in systems connected to 0.75 kW three-phase induction motors in the industry.

Frequency experimental identification approach for single-phase induction motor common-mode parameters

Introduction. The presence of broad-spectrum and high-amplitude electromagnetic interference (EMI) within a single-phase induction motor (SPIM) drive poses a significant threat to both the system and other electronic equipment. High-frequency (HF) models of electrical motors play a critical role in overcoming these challenges, as they are essential for characterizing electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) in drives and designing effective EMI filters. The novelty of this study proposes an enhanced HF motor model based on transfer functions (TFs) to accurately represent the motor’s behavior at HFs for frequency-domain analyses in the range of 100 Hz to 30 MHz. Purpose. The equivalent HF model for a SPIM is discussed in this paper. The suggested equivalent circuit describes a motor’s common-mode (CM) properties. Methodology. HF model was developed by a frequency-domain analysis utilizing an experimental setup and MATLAB software. The motor impedance analysis is based on the measurement of variations in motor characteristics as a function of frequency in the CM setup. Originality. TF has been tuned using an asymptotic identification method of Bode to match the behavior of the real impedances of the motor parameters as a function of the frequency in the CM configuration. This tuned TFs are then synthesized into a comprehensive wideband EMC equivalent circuit model using the Foster network technique, which can be then simulated in any Spice-based simulator tools. Results. The proposed mathematical model was employed to conduct simulations, and the resulting predictions were validated against experimental data. CM response of the EMC equivalent circuit at low, medium, and HFs were compared between simulations and experimental measurements using Lt-Spice simulator software. Practical value. It is observed that results show satisfactory agreement with the measurements over a large frequency bandwidth [100 Hz–30 MHz], and the equivalent model of SPIM can be cascaded with other electronic and electrical modules to form a complete single-phase electric drive system model for fast analysis and prediction of system level EMI and electromagnetic sensitivity. References 37, table 5, figures 13.

Research on an improved deadbeat model predictive current control of double three-phase open-winding permanent magnet motor

Model predictive current control has high control accuracy and good control performance, and has been widely applied in the control strategy of dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors. This article proposes an improved deadbeat model predictive current control (DMPCC) method by analyzing the mathematical model of a dual three-phase open-winding permanent magnet synchronous motor. One inverter predicts and calculates the optimal voltage vector through the deadbeat model, while the other inverter calculates the optimal voltage vector through the value function rolling optimization. This method reduces the computational workload of the controller, avoids the delay problem of the traditional model predictive current control (MPCC) method, improves the system's response speed, effectively suppresses the current in the harmonic sub-plane, and reduces torque ripple. The simulation results have verified the accuracy and speed of the above control method.

Optimized Fault-Tolerant Control of Dual Three-Phase PMSM Under Open-Switch Faults

In this article, an optimized fault-tolerant control (FTC) method without current judgement is proposed for open-switch faults (OSFs) in dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (DTPMSM) drives. The reason for the torque ripple under OSFs has been investigated. The theoretical analysis reveals a significant increase in torque ripple under OSFs. Then, an optimized FTC method is proposed for a DTPMSM with two isolated neutral points. The proposed method maintains the original control scheme, enabling the smooth transitions of current and torque between faulty operation and FTC without introducing noticeable torque ripples. In addition, the universality and robustness are enhanced by eliminating the need for current judgement, thereby avoiding misjudgments due to sinusoidal current zero crossings, sudden load, or speed changes. The experimental results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed FTC strategy under OSFs on a laboratory DTPMSM.

Research for an enhanced fault-tolerant solution against the current sensor fault types in induction motor drives

Introduction. Recently, three-phase induction motor drives have been widely used in industrial applications; however, the feedback signal failures of current sensors can seriously degrade the operation performance of the entire drive system. Therefore, the motor drives require a proper solution to prevent current sensor faults and improve the reliability of the motor drive systems. The novelty of the proposed research includes integrating the current sensor fault-tolerant control (FTC) function according to enhanced technique into the field-oriented control loop for speed control of the motor drive system. Purpose. This research proposes a hybrid method involving a third difference operator and signal comparison algorithm to diagnose various types of current sensor faults as a positive solution to enhance the stability of the induction motor drive system. Methods. A hybrid method involving a third difference operator for the measured speed signals and a comparison algorithm between measured and estimated current signals are proposed to diagnose the current sensors’ health status in the fault-tolerant process. After determining the faulty sensor, the estimated current signals based on the Luenberger observer are used immediately to replace the defective sensor signal. Results. The current sensor is simulated with various failure types, from standard to rare failures, to evaluate the performance of the FTC method implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. Simultaneously, a fault flag corresponding to a defective sensor should be presented as an indicator to execute the repair process for faulty sensors at the proper time. Practical value. Positive results have proven the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed FTC integrated into the speed controller to improve reliability and ensure the stable operation of the induction motor drive system even under current sensor fault conditions. References 29, tables 3, figures 10.

Nonlinear control of the permanent magnet synchronous motor PMSM using input-output linearization control and sliding mode control

Today, electric machines are becoming increasingly important in all sectors (industrial drives, the automotive industry, aviation, traction systems, and agriculture, etc.). Among these machines, permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) hold a significant place in the control of industrial mechanisms, automated systems, and in the fields of renewable energy like (wind energy, solar energy, and hybrid systems, etc ). Currently, in variable speed drives, the use of PMSM, especially for low power and certain special industrial applications, is replacing DC motors and asynchronous motors because they offer higher efficiency, power factor, and torque density. Moreover, PMSM do not have an excitation circuit in the rotor, which leads to reduced maintenance demands. The control of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) presents significant challenges due to their nonlinear behavior. Classical linear controllers, such as PI, perform well with linear systems that have constant parameters. However, for nonlinear systems with varying parameters, the conventional control methods may prove insufficient and exhibit a lack of robustness. To address the issues and achieve decoupled machine control, various methods have been proposed. Nonlinear robust control techniques have been extensively explored within the domain of power electronics and drive systems. Included in these, sliding mode control and nonlinear input-output feedback linearization (IOFL). Sliding mode control (SMC) is a control technique known for its excellent dynamic performance in PMSM drives. It offers high robustness and straightforward implementation in both software and hardware. However, a significant drawback of this method is the chattering phenomenon. By the way the input/output linearization control can provide good behavior in steady and dynamic regimes and also provides good decoupling between system variables. This article presents a design of tow control laws based on sliding mode and feedback linearization controller based on input-output feedback linearization to adjust the speed of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). To highlight the effectiveness of the designed controllers, a comparison was carried out Matlab Simulink, revealing that the feedback linearization controller outperforms the SMC.

Development of double-layer rotors for asynchronous drives of mining and transport machines

Due to the simplicity of the design and high energy indicators, asynchronous electric motors (AM) are the main consumers in the power supply systems of mining enterprises. Large starting currents of motors lead to heating and damage to the insulation of the stator windings. An urgent problem to improve the reliability of mining and transport machines is the development of AM, providing smooth transients with increased starting torque and reduced starting current. In an AM with a closed-loop rotor, a magnetic conductor is performed by a charged cylinder on the rotor shaft, which is made of electrotechnical steel with high magnetic permeability. The electrical conductor is often a squirrel cage-type short-circuited rotor made of a material with high specific conductivity. A technology has been developed for producing ferro-copper alloys for the active outer cylinder of a double-layer rotor, replacing a "squirrel cage". These alloys combine the properties of an electric current conductor and a magnetic flux. This allows us to obtain the effect of displacement and reduction of current in the rotor, which is accompanied by an increase in the effective resistance of the rotor and the electromagnetic torque during the start-up process. Full-scale experiments have been carried out with asynchronous motors with various rotors having a displacement effect. Motors having double-cage or deep-groove rotors develop an increased starting torque at a relatively lower starting current. The starting quality of these motors is, on average, 1,5 times higher than that of a motor without current displacement. Replacing a double-cage rotor with a double-layer rotor leads to a decrease in the starting current by 25% and an increase in the starting torque by an average of 2,5 times. The quality factor of starting an asynchronous motor with a double-layer rotor is 3-4 times higher than the quality factor of starting similar motors with a conventional rotor cage without current displacement, 2-2,5 times compared with a double cage or a deep groove and 1,3-1,5 times compared with a rotor with a high electrical resistivity. The use of double-layer rotors limits voltage fluctuations in the network, ensures a reliable, smooth start, eliminates vibration and extends the service life of all equipment.

Modeling of Induction Motor Direct Starting with and without Considering Current Displacement in Slot

This article presents a mathematical model of three-phase induction motor (IM) with a squirrel cage rotor and investigates its starting modes. Specifically, two scenarios are considered: direct starting of an IM and direct starting considering the current displacement effect in the rotor slots. Analyzing the starting modes of an IM without the use of automatic control systems is crucial for ensuring reliable, efficient, and safe operation of equipment across various industrial and commercial sectors. Understanding and accounting for the processes occurring during the starting mode of an IM allows for minimizing risks, enhancing energy efficiency, and reducing operational costs. This article details the mathematical modeling methods used for analyzing these starting modes and the results obtained from the modeling. These results were compared with data obtained experimentally, allowing for the assessment of the accuracy and reliability of the proposed model. The conducted research highlights the importance of considering current displacement in the rotor slots for accurate modeling and analysis of induction motor starting modes, particularly in capturing the differences in the amplitudes of the starting current and the faster transition to steady-state operation. Conclusions drawn from the comparison of modeling and experimental data provide valuable insights for the further development of control and operation methods for induction motors.