Three-dimensional Porous Carbon Framework Research Articles

Heterostructured TiN/TiO2 on the hierarchical N-doped carbon for enhancing the polysulfide immobilization and sulfur reduction in lithium-sulfur battery

The commercialization of lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) is impeded by their low sulfur utilization and poor cycling stability. Herein, uniformly distributed TiN/TiO2 heterostructures on the hierarchical nitrogen-doped inter-connected multi-scale porous carbon matrix was developed as an effective polysulfide trapper and catalytic accelerator for sulfur reduction reaction. The performance of synthesized TiN/TiO2 heterostructures in LSBs are compared with those of TiN and TiO2. The synergetic effects of strong polysulfide adsorption of TiO2 and superior catalytical conversion ability of TiN draw rapid trap-diffusion-conversion process and enhance the reaction kinetics. This heterostructure-based LSBs exhibit a high specific capacity of 1458.5 mAhg−1 at 0.1 C and 684.9 mAhg−1 at 5 C. Over 1000 cycles, a high capacity of 576 mA h g−1 is retained with a low-capacity decay of 0.030 % per cycle at 2 C. Moreover, a high area capacity value of 6.65 mAh cm−2 is obtained at 0.5C with a high sulfur loading of 8.2 mg cm−2 and low electrolyte/sulfur ratio (E/S) of 4.7. This study provides a novel strategy to develop the transition metal nitride-oxide heterostructure on a three-dimensional porous carbon framework as efficient electrode materials for LSBs application.

Synergic anchoring of Fe2N nanoclusters on porous carbon to enhance reversible conversion of iodine for high-temperature zinc-iodine battery

The coupling of zinc with iodine evokes the fabrication of advanced rechargeable batteries via redox conversion. However, the easy sublimation of iodine and high solubility of polyiodides restrict the application of the battery. Herein, the dispersion of iron nitride nanoclusters among three-dimensional porous carbon frameworks (PC@Fe2N) enables the efficient accumulation of iodine in combination with the promising electrocatalysis for reversible conversion. The experimental and theoretical results revealed that the Fe2N nanoclusters anchored on the carbon support is more efficient to inspire the ensemble effect for reversible redox reactions of iodine via suppressing the formation of polyiodide. Therefore, the zinc-iodine (Zn-I2) battery delivers excellent rate performance and ultralong cycling life for 20,000 cycles. Even at an elevated temperature of 60 °C, the pouch cell with a high iodine loading exhibited a reversible capacity 148 mAh g−1, which exemplifies rational fabrication of advanced Zn-I2 batteries for safe high-temperature energy storage.

Three-dimensional porous carbon framework coated with polyaniline for highly stable and selective ammonia sensing

Ammonia (NH3) sensing for environmental pollution monitoring is simultaneously required high selectivity against interfering gases, long-term stability with humidity tolerance and low detection limit, which needs further exploring. Here, the compositions of three-dimensional (3D) porous carbon framework (C-FW) coated with polyaniline (PANI@3D C-FW CPs) have been developed for highly selective and stable NH3 detection, which have been firstly prepared 3D C-FW via freezing/drying, and have been then in-situ coated with PANI. As-synthesized PANI@3D C-FW CPs present 3D porous architectures with rough surface. Beneficially, the PANI@3D C-FW CPs show a distinguished selectivity to NH3 against other interfering gases and possess 100 ppb-concentration detection limit at room temperature (∼25 °C), respectively. Remarkably, the PANI@3D C-FW CPs sensor prototypes show outstanding cycling stability to 10 ppm NH3, and 249-day long stability. Theoretically, such outstanding NH3 sensing performance might be attributed to the unique deprotonation/protonation process of PANI molecules layer and the abundant adsorption sites of 3D porous framework structure. Practically, simulation to detect NH3 using as-prepared PANI@3D C-FW CPs has been conducted with reliable sensing response.

Facile two-step synthesis of nickel nanoparticles supported on 3D porous carbon frameworks as an effective electrocatalyst for urea and methanol oxidation

The design and development of facile and environmentally-friendly methods to prepare low-cost, high-activity electrocatalysts are desirable for the development of fuel cells. In our study, a high-efficiency anodic electrocatalyst for the oxidation of urea and methanol based on nickel nanoparticles supported on three-dimensional porous carbon frameworks (Ni/3DPCFs) was designed by an innovative and simple method. This innovative method is based on the preparation of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and nickel ions (Ni2+) adsorbed on its surface by microwave-assisted synthesis, followed by pyrolysis. The method is notable for simultaneously preparing Ni2+ and CQDs and not requiring a stabilizer, surfactant, or organic solvent. The results of scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) revealed that the CQDs were converted to 3DPCFs by pyrolysis and nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs) were formed on the surface. The prepared electrocatalyst showed high efficiency for the oxidation of urea and methanol in alkaline media. The electrocatalytic activity of Ni/3DPCFs showed the maximum anodic current density of 102.5 and 153.8 mA/cm2 for urea and methanol oxidation, respectively. This method can provide a simple and novel approach to producing various metallic nanoparticles supported on 3DPCFs as electrocatalysts by two-step microwave-assisted synthesis and pyrolysis without using toxic reagents and surfactants.

N, P-co-doped three-dimensional porous carbon nanocomposites for lithium–sulfur batteries

<p indent="0mm">Porous carbon materials have been widely used in lithium–sulfur batteries due to the excellent electrical conductivity, high porosity, and efficient adsorption of polysulfides. In this work, N, P co-doped three-dimensional porous carbon nanocomposites (FeNi/FeNiP@NP-C) were successfully prepared by the pyrolysis method using phytic acid (PA) and melamine as phosphorus and nitrogen sources as sulfur-loaded substrates. It can be found that the FeNi/FeNiP@NP-C material with the three-dimensional porous carbon framework has good conductive performance, which can not only adsorb soluble polysulfides, but also can promote electron transfer to improve reaction kinetics. The results show that the S@FeNi/FeNiP@NP-C cathode has good electrochemical performance and cycle stability. The reversible initial capacity of the S@FeNi/FeNiP@NP-C cathode reaches 1035.8 mAh g⁻¹ under the sulfur loading of <sc>1.0 mg cm⁻²</sc> and current density of <sc>0.1 C.</sc> Moreover, under the high sulfur loadings <sc>(4.3 mg cm⁻²),</sc> it still can maintain the specific discharge capacity of 435.5 mAh g⁻¹ after 100 cycles at <sc>0.1 C.</sc>

Methyl orange-crosslinked polypyrrole hydrogel enabled N, O, S co-doped porous carbon for highly sensitive determination of three redox-active biomolecules

• A nanostructured PPy hydrogel is designed for the first time with methyl orange as crosslinker. • The methyl orange crosslinked PPy hydrogel enables N, O, S co-doped three-dimensional porous carbon frameworks (N, O, S-HCF). • N, O, S-HCF delivers an outstanding electroanalytical activity and selectivity for the simultaneous determination of three redox-active biomolecules. Development of a high-performance electrode materials for the simultaneous sensing of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) is critical in clinical diagnostics. Novel polymer hydrogel-derived porous carbon has been investigated in sensing due to their high conductivity, hierarchical porous structure and environmental benignity. However, the high cost and cumbersome synthesis of the crosslinker for polymer hydrogel precursors make carbon production by pyrolysis greatly compromised. To address this challenge, here, a facile approach to N, O, S co-doped three-dimensional porous carbon frameworks (N, O, S-HCF) derived from methyl orange (MO) crosslinked polypyrrole hydrogel is developed. Experimental and spectroscopy demonstrate that the derived 3D porous structure and heteroatom doping effect create multidimensional electron transfer pathways and electrocatalytic activity centers. Specifically, the sensor exhibits potent and persistent electrochemical behavior with well-separated oxidation peaks and enhanced oxidation peak currents towards ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA). As a result, the N, O, S-HCF contributes to the effective determination of the three analytes in their mixture and the calibration curves show linear range of 2.5 × 10 −6 –1.0 × 10 −2 M, 1.8 × 10 −7 –8.7 × 10 −5 M, and 2.5 × 10 −7 –1.0 × 10 −4 M with detection limits of 1.0 × 10 −6 , 1.2 × 10 −7 , and 1.8 × 10 −7 M for AA, DA and UA, respectively. This study provides a simple strategy to build heteroatom doped porous carbon for the simultaneous monitoring of multiple electroactive species.

Diverse-shaped tin dioxide nanoparticles within a plastic waste-derived three-dimensional porous carbon framework for super stable lithium-ion storage

Tin dioxides (SnO2) inserted into carbons to serve as anodes for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries are known to improve their cycling stability. However, studies on diverse-shaped SnO2 nanoparticles within a porous carbon matrix for super stable lithium-ion storage are rare. Herein, a hollow carbon sphere/porous carbon flake (HCS/PCF) framework is fabricated through template carbonization of plastic waste. By changing the doping mechanism and tuning the loading content, nano SnO2 spheres and cubes as well as bulk SnO2 flakes and blocks are in-situ grown within the HCS/PCF. Then, the as-prepared hybrids with built-in various morphological SnO2 nanoparticles serve as anodes towards advanced lithium-ion batteries. Notably, HCS/PCF embedded with nano SnO2 spheres and cubes anodes possess superb long-term cycling stability (~0.048% and ~0.05% average capacitance decay per cycle at 1 A/g over 400 cycles) with high reversible specific capacities of 0.45 and 0.498 Ah/g after 1000 cycles at 5 A/g. The ultra-stabilized Li+ storage is attributed to the effective mitigation of nano SnO2 spheres/cubes volume expansion, originating from the compact SnO2 yolk-HCS/PCF shell construction. This study paves a general strategy for disposing of polymeric waste to produce SnO2 core-carbon shell anodes for super stable lithium-ion storage.

Metal-Organic Framework Derived Ultrafine Sb@Porous Carbon Octahedron via In Situ Substitution for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Alloying-type anode materials are regarded as promising alternatives beyond intercalation-type carbonaceous materials for sodium storage owing to the high specific capacities. The rapid capacity decay arising from the huge volume change during Na+-ion insertion/extraction, however, impedes the practical application. Herein, we report an ultrafine antimony embedded in a porous carbon nanocomposite (Sb@PC) synthesized via facile in situ substitution of the Cu nanoparticles in a metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived octahedron carbon framework for sodium storage. The Sb@PC composite displays an appropriate redox potential (0.5-0.8 V vs Na/Na+) and excellent specific capacities of 634.6, 474.5, and 451.9 mAh g-1 at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 A g-1 after 200, 500, and 250 cycles, respectively. Such superior sodium storage performance is primarily ascribed to the MOF-derived three-dimensional porous carbon framework and ultrafine Sb nanoparticles, which not only provides a penetrating network for rapid transfer of charge carriers but also alleviates the agglomeration and volume expansion of Sb during cycling. Ex situ X-ray diffraction and in situ Raman analysis clearly reveal a five-stage reaction mechanism during sodiation and desodiation and demonstrate the excellent reversibility of Sb@PC for sodium storage. Furthermore, post-mortem analysis reveals that the robust structural integrity of Sb@PC can withstand continuous Na+-ion insertion/extraction. This work may provide insight into the effective design of high-capacity alloying-type anode materials for advanced secondary batteries.

One-pot synthesis of Mn2P-Mn2O3 heterogeneous nanoparticles in a P, N -doped three-dimensional porous carbon framework as a highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting

Robust, inexpensive, efficient catalysts for overall water splitting are of significant interest as we look towards the Hydrogen Economy. Herein, we have prepared novel Mn2P-Mn2O3 heterogeneous nanoparticles hosted in a P, N-doped three-dimensional porous carbon framework. Of these, Mn2P-Mn2O3/PNCF displayed ultrahigh stability as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for efficient hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs) and oxygen evolution reactions (OERs) in alkaline electrolytes. These properties are a result of the abundant heterogeneous interfaces, optimized electronic configurations and hierarchical pore structure of the Mn2P-Mn2O3/PNCF catalyst. This material has a closed zero calculated Gibbs free energy for adsorbed H of −0.013 eV, and can achieve current densities of 10 mA cm−2 and 100 mA cm−2 for HERs and OERs, respectively, whilst requiring only low overpotentials of 98 mV and 330 mV, respectively. In addition, an alkaline electrolyzer with Mn2P-Mn2O3/PNCF as both the anode and cathode demonstrates a nearly comparable activity and higher stability than the present state‐of‐the‐art, Pt/C || RuO2/C, for full water splitting. Mn2P-Mn2O3/PNCF shows great potential for the economical, large-scale production of H2.

Hydrogel derived FeCo/FeCoP embedded in N, P-codoped 3D porous carbon framework as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction

Numerous studies have been focused on renewable energy conversion devices (e.g. fuel cell and Zn-air battery) to mitigate the climate changing and serious environmental degradation. Herein, hydrogel derived FeCo/FeCoP embedded in N, P-doped three-dimensional porous carbon framework (FeCo/FeCoP@NP-CF) was prepared by the high-temperature pyrolysis and subsequent acid-etching. Polyacrylamide (PAM) would absorb water here to form hydrogel and act as the C and N sources, which is conducive to capture and in-situ reduce metal ions. The hybrid porous carbon framework had interconnection, highly open structures and molecular accessible hierarchical surfaces. The resultant FeCo/FeCoP@NP-CF displayed remarkable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) characteristics with a more positive half-wave potential (E1/2) of 0.85 V in 0.1 M KOH electrolyte, surpassing commercial Pt/C (E1/2 = 0.84 V). This work offers some valuable guidelines for synthesis of non-noble metal catalysts in energy technologies.

Enhanced peroxymonosulfate activation process based on homogenously dispersed iron and nitrogen active sites on a three-dimensional porous carbon framework

Developing transition metal/nitrogen/carbon catalysts with maximizing the dispersion degree of the active sites presented an enticing prospect for environmental remediation. In this study, we have designed the novel three-dimensional porous carbon aerogel (CA) supported iron and nitrogen co-doped carbon (FeNC-CA) catalysts via facile pyrolysis of iron phthalocyanine (FePc) confined within CA precursor by the double fixed-protection strategy. The synergistic enhancement effect between CA and well-dispersed FeNC in FeNC-CA-500 (pyrolysis at 500 °C) was conducive to the rapid removal of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) via peroxymonosulfate activation, which achieved almost 100% removal efficiency and 66.8% mineralization rate in 18 min with ultralow catalyst dosage and iron ions leaching of 0.019 ppm, and the reaction rate constant was about 11.3, 9.3 and 6.6 times higher than that of the homologous FeNC-500, CA-500 and Fe-CA-500 catalysts, respectively. Based on the electrons spin resonance (ESR) and radical quenching experiments, the FeNC-CA-500/PMS system with selective removal ability of several aromatic compounds containing different substituents and strong flexibility in actual wastewater involving competing inorganic ions and natural organic matter confirmed that the nonradical pathway was dominant in 4-CP removal while the generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) played a relatively small roles. Further investigations by X-ray photoelectrons spectroscopy (XPS) and control experiments verified that the evenly dispersed iron active sites were essential in accelerating the catalytic reaction, and the carbon matrix and surface nitrogen sites were mainly responsible for the removal rate of 4-CP via nonradical pathway. These findings provided new insights for synthesis of a more promising iron-based catalyst for practical wastewater treatment.

Synergistically enhanced sodium/potassium ion storage performance of SnSb alloy particles confined in three-dimensional carbon framework

In this work, an efficient composite of SnSb alloy particles confined in three-dimensional porous carbon framework (SnSb@C) is rationally designed and fabricated by means of NaCl template-assisted in situ freeze-drying treatment and subsequent thermal reduction method. Benefit from rational material design and the excellent structural features of the active materials, the SnSb@C can deliver a high initial reversible capacity of 457 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1, and excellent cycling stability with capacity retention of 84% after 200 cycles at 0.1 A g−1, when evaluated as an anode material for SIBs. Meanwhile, the SnSb@C electrode can also deliver a high reversible discharge capacity of 293 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1 after 100 cycles in PIBs with good rate capability and impressive cycling performance. These results demonstrated that the SnSb@C composite is a promising anode material for future high-performance SIBs and PIBs.

Urea-assisted synthesis of a Fe nanoparticle modified N-doped three-dimensional porous carbon framework for a highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction

A rapid gas foaming process is developed to prepare a novel Fe nanoparticle modified N-doped 3D porous carbon framework (Fe/3DNC) catalyst with a controllable morphology and catalytic efficiency through regulation of the urea content.

Fe–Co–P/C with strong coupling interaction for enhanced sodium ion batteries and oxygen evolution reactions

The key issue of developing the metal phosphides based electrode material is to explore the green synthesis approach and maintain the structural stability during practical applications. Herein, we report a facile electrodeposition approach combined with subsequent thermal treatment to grow Fe–Co–P on the porous carbon membrane with Magnolia leaves as precursor (Fe–Co–P/C). The three-dimensional porous carbon frameworks as substrate provide superior electrical conductivity for Fe–Co–P/C electrodes. The strong coupling between Fe–Co–P and porous carbon framework keeps the stable electron and ion transport channels for the electrode materials in the sodium ion batteries and oxygen evolution reactions. The Fe–Co–P/C as anode materials for sodium ion batteries deliver a high discharge capacity of 464 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1. After 500 cycles at the current density of 0.5 A g−1, the capacity of the electrode still retain 293 mAh g−1, which is attributed to the porous carbon framework to confine the Fe–Co–P in the composites and prevent the Fe–Co–P nanoparticles from aggregating. On the other hand, the Fe–Co–P also exhibit high-efficient performance for oxygen evolution reaction with the overpotential of 151 mV to reach the current density of 10 mA cm−2, and the Tafel slope of 77.78 mV dec−1 in 1.0 M KOH. Our research provides a unique carbon substrate material with hierarchical nanostructure and new design stagey for bimetallic phosphide based electrode for sodium ion batteries and electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reactions.

Constructing Three-Dimensional Porous Carbon Framework Embedded with FeSe2 Nanoparticles as an Anode Material for Rechargeable Batteries.

Metal selenides have caused widespread concern due to their high theoretical capacities and appropriate working potential; however, they suffer from large volume variation during cycling and low electrical conductivity, which limit their practical applications. In this article, a three-dimensional (3D) porous carbon framework embedded with homogeneous FeSe2 nanoparticles (3D porous FeSe2/C composite) was synthesized by a facile calcined approach, following a selenized method without a template. As the uniformity of FeSe2 nanoparticles and 3D porous structure are beneficial to accommodate volume stress upon cycling and shorten electrons/ions transport path, associated with carbon as a buffer matrix for increasing conductivity, the 3D porous FeSe2/C composite displays excellent electrochemical properties with high reversible capacities of 798.4 and 455.0 mA h g-1 for lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries, respectively, when the current density is 100 mA g-1 after 100 cycles. In addition, the as-prepared composite exhibits good cycling stability as compared to bare FeSe2 nanoparticles. Therefore, the facile synthetic strategy in the current work provides a new perspective in constructing a high-performance anode.

Facile and Scalable Approach To Fabricate Granadilla-like Porous-Structured Silicon-Based Anode for Lithium Ion Batteries.

A porous silicon and carbon composite (PSi/C) with granadilla-like structure as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries has been easily fabricated by spray drying and subsequent pyrolysis treatments. For the PSi/C, yolk-shell-structured Si/C nanobeads are equably distributed inside the porous carbon framework. The key point of this work is the combination of the advantages of both the yolk-shell structure and porous structure in one system. The void space inside the yolk-shell Si/C nanobeads and the interconnected three-dimensional porous carbon frameworks can effectively enhance the cyclic stability and conductivity of this composite. As expected, PSi/C with 15.4% silicon content exhibited a specific capacity as high as 1357.43 mAh g-1 and retained 933.62 mAh g-1 beyond 100 cycles at 100 mA g-1. Moreover, it showed a reversible specific capacity as high as 610.38 mAh g-1 at 1000 mA g-1, even after 3000 cycles.

Three-dimensional porous carbon frameworks derived from mangosteen peel waste as promising materials for CO2 capture and supercapacitors

Abstract Business costs, environmental and energy concerns have increased interest in biomass materials for the production of porous carbon materials, especially as solid-state adsorbents for CO2 capture or as electrode materials for supercapacitors. We put forward an efficient and scalable approach to convert mangosteen peel (MP) waste into three-dimensional microporous carbon frameworks (3D-MP-CFW) for effective CO2 capture and supercapacitors. The MP waste is first subjected to a controllable hydrothermal treatment in alkaline solution and then a carbonization process. The resultant optimal carbon sample possesses a high surface area up to 1270 m2 g−1 and abundant micropores with fine micropore sizes below 1 nm. The typical sample has a well-tailored open 3D macroporous interconnected network structure, exhibiting an outstanding CO2 capture recyclability and high CO2 capture capacities of 6.93 and 4.77 mmol g−1 at 0 °C and 25 °C (1 bar), respectively. Simultaneously, benefiting from its high surface area and 3D interconnected porous structure, this optimal sample also exhibits a good supercapacitance performance with the specific capacitance of 240 F g−1 (in 6 M KOH, at 1 A g−1) in a three-electrode system. Our simple preparation method presents an efficient way to make promising carbon materials for high-performance CO2 capture and supercapacitors.

3D Porous Carbon Framework Stabilized Ultra-Uniform Nano γ-Fe2 O3 : A Useful Catalyst System.

We present a novel strategy for the scalable fabrication of γ-Fe2 O3 @3DPCF, a three-dimensional porous carbon framework (PCF) anchored ultra-uniform and ultra-stable γ-Fe2 O3 nanocatalyst. The γ-Fe2 O3 @3DPCF nanocomposites were facilely prepared with the following route: condensation of iron(III) acetylacetonate with acetylacetonate at room temperature to form the polymer precursor (PPr), which was carbonized subsequently at 800 °C. The homogeneous aldol condensation offered an ultra-uniform distribution of iron, so that the γ-Fe2 O3 nanoparticles (NPs) were uniformly distributed in the 3D carbon architecture with the average size of approximate 20 nm. The Fe2 O3 NPs were capped with carbon, so that the iron oxide maintained its γ-phase instead of the more stable α-phase. The nanocomposite was an excellent catalyst for the reduction of nitroarene; it gave >99 % conversion and 100 % selectivity for the reduction of nitroarenes to the corresponding anilines at 100 °C. The fabrication of the γ-Fe2 O3 @3DPCF nanocatalyst represents a green and scalable method for the synthesis of novel carbon-based metal oxide nanostructures.

Porous Iron-Tungsten Carbide Electrocatalyst with High Activity and Stability toward Oxygen Reduction Reaction: From the Self-Assisted Synthetic Mechanism to Its Active-Species Probing.

We synthesized a novel nonprecious metal electrocatalyst by pyrolysis of a colloid mixture consisting of a tungsten source and phenolic resin, with the simultaneous addition of ferric salt. The rationally designed electrocatalyst has a unique structure, with nanosized WC and Fe3W3C uniformly dispersed in a three-dimensional porous carbon framework. WC, which was thought difficult to produce, is successfully prepared at a relatively low temperature of about 750 °C at an inert atmosphere. XRD studies demonstrate the self-assisted effect of Fe, which accelerates the formation of WC, getting around the pathway of direct carbonaceous reduction of tungsten by carbon. The porous iron-tungsten carbide (Fe-W-C) nanocomposite as electrocatalyst shows excellent ORR activity with the onset and half-wave potentials of 0.864 and 0.727 V (vs RHE), respectively, which are close to those of Pt/C (0.976 and 0.820 V vs RHE). Electrochemical measurements show that Fe-W-C follows almost the effective four-electron-transfer pathway and would not be disturbed by methanol. The presence of a protective graphite shell outside the active carbide cores substantially improves the durability of the electrocatalyst. Both the removal of Fe species and the absence of W species would severely degrade the activity, while halide ions Cl- and sulfur-containing species SCN- can significantly suppress the ORR activity by the blocking of Fe species. These facts indicate that the ORR active species of Fe-W-C should be relevant to both W and Fe species.

Rational design of SnO2@C nanocomposites for lithium ion batteries by utilizing adsorption properties of MOFs.

A facile synthetic strategy is developed to prepare mono-dispersed SnO2 particles within three-dimensional porous carbon frameworks by utilizing the adsorption properties of metal-organic frameworks. This composite exhibits a high reversible capacity of 900 mA h g(-1) at 100 mA g(-1) after 50 cycles, with a stable capacity retention of 880 mA h g(-1) at 100 mA g(-1) even after 200 cycles.