Three-dimensional Model Of Object Research Articles

ОБОБЩЕННЫЙ АЛГОРИТМ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ РЕСУРСОВ КОМПЬЮТЕРНОГО ГЕНЕРАТОРА ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЯ ПО 3D-МОДЕЛИ ТЕРРИТОРИИ МЕСТНОСТИ

The development of modern software systems that use computer graphics algorithms in real time to create 3D-models of the terrain expands the range of training tasks available to the Customer for training pilots on aviation simulators. Particular attention is paid to training pilots in the skills of solving navigation problems while flying over certain 3D terrain, using visual references in the form of three-dimensional models of reference objects. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve several important aspects: the selection of 3D-objects on the terrain as reference points, the development of an information resource algorithm and the optimal distribution of computer image generator resources throughout the 3D-model of the terrain to ensure the possibility of synthesizing a sufficient number of 3D-models reference objects in real time. Solutions are presented for modeling a terrain area of sufficient size for distributing information resources and training the pilot to solve navigation problems.

A review of 3D reconstruction methods based on deep learning

In computer vision, an important research area is three-dimensional reconstruction. Using computer technology to reconstruct three-dimensional models of objects has become an indispensable part of in-depth research in many fields. This thesis presents the development process of 3D reconstruction methods that use deep learning. Compared with traditional methods, the 3D reconstruction method based on deep learning has more flexible input and output and higher efficiency. This thesis classifies the methods by the type of 3D model representation and discusses different frameworks for 3D reconstruction based on deep learning. With the introduction of the method NeRF (Neural Radiance Field), the three-dimensional reconstruction work based on deep learning has got a great development. NeRF can achieve good results in a very short period of time in the face of various complex scenes. With the continuous improvement of NeRF by researchers, this method has achieved more amazing results. Finally, the existing problems in the field of 3D reconstruction, the causes of problems and possible solutions are analyzed. Finally, the future development trend and direction of this field are hypothesized and discussed.

Application of virtual reality technology in second language classroom teaching in colleges and universities

The design and implementation of teachers’ classroom teaching strategies is the key to the success of second language classroom teaching. In order to improve the quality of second-language classroom teaching in universities and enhance the interactivity in the teaching process, the application of virtual reality technology in second-language classroom teaching in universities is studied. Firstly, an integrated ware platform is designed for second language classroom teaching in universities, which consists of an integrated ware library and a database. Then virtual reality technology is used to design an integrated ware library within the platform and collect information such as various teaching media resources designed in the classroom teaching content into the integrated ware library; Utilize 3DS Max software in virtual reality technology to construct three-dimensional models of teaching scenes and entities; Choose to use linear difference method to render 3D model colors; From a visual perspective, enhance the realism of the rendered model through image enhancement technology and color contrast enhancement technology. According to the functions of the physical object, various interactive events are added to the created teaching scene and the three-dimensional model of the entity and stored in the integrable ware library to achieve panoramic roaming of the second language classroom teaching scene in universities. The experimental results show that the teaching platform designed by this method can accurately construct three-dimensional models of teaching scenes and objects with good visual effects, providing users with a more realistic sensory experience and effectively improving students’ mastery of teaching content.

3D Real Estate Cadastre: Risks Associated with Digital Innovation

Statistical data on the statistics of the statistics of terms, relevant problems of the three-dimensional real estate cadastre, are applied and analyzed. It is noted that the creation of the public law company "Roskadastr" and the Unified Digital Platform "National Spatial Data System", on the basis of which information collected by a number of government agencies is integrated, is an incentive for conducting large-scale convergent research and a good reason for predicting the risks, associated with the formation of a three-dimensional real estate cadastre. Three-dimensional real estate cadastre Solution as a set of three-dimensional models in electronic form, reflecting the most significant physical (spatial) parameters of real estate objects. The factors stimulating and limiting the maintenance of a three-dimensional real estate cadastre are called. Determine the most significant negative consequences of maintaining a three-dimensional cadastre associated with the human cognitive sphere. For a three-dimensional real estate cadastre reflecting the parameters of the material world, the risks of information loss are not excessive assignment of the possibility of restoration of the possibility of restoration based on the requirement of the existing organism, which creates a voluminous registration and judicial system in a state of chaos or systemic uncertainty. It is concluded that conducting interdisciplinary research in this area and identifying risks as a result of technology assessment and social and humanitarian expertise is a matter of the future. At the same time, the most important parameters of regulatory regulation of the regulation of relations are the volumes available with the maintenance of a three-dimensional real estate cadastre, the volumes already today and should be reduced, at least, to establishing a ban on the inclusion in the public domain of a database sufficient to create three-dimensional models of real estate objects located in the operational management of state institutions, including government agencies.

Експертна система для підтримки побудови тривимірних моделей об’єктів методом фотограмметрії

The task of building high-quality three-dimensional (3D) models of objects is relevant, since such 3D models are widely used in various fields of science, technology and medicine. In this work, the construction of 3D models is performed by the photogrammetry method, which consists in the construction of a 3D model of an object based on a series of its photographs. The advantages of the photogrammetry method are low hardware requirements and relatively high accuracy. To build 3D models of objects by photogrammetry, the 3DF Zephyr program was used, which contains a set of tools for pre-processing images, reconstructing 3D models, editing and measuring the dimensions of 3D models, and exporting the obtained models. The principles of building three-dimensional models of objects by the method of photogrammetry based on initial images are considered. The main stages of building 3D models are described: calculation of sparse point cloud, key points, dense point cloud, polygon grid, texture grid. Model parameters are also edited and analyzed. An expert system was developed in the CLIPS environment to select the correct modes for building a 3D model. The knowledge base of the expert system contains production rules that allow you to establish the correct modes of building a 3D model based on the initial facts. 30 facts-conditions have been developed that describe the conditions for building a three-dimensional model. 20 facts-consequences and 15 facts-recommendations for building a 3D model have been developed. Using the developed rules, 36 production rules were built. Experimental verification of the developed system was carried out. Three-dimensional models of objects were built using the 3DF Zephyr program. After entering the facts that describe the process of obtaining the model into the expert system, a number of recommendations were obtained, in particular, to increase the area of textured surfaces and use uniform lighting of objects. After following these recommendations, the model was built with satisfactory accuracy.

Part2Point: A Part-Oriented Point Cloud Reconstruction Framework.

Three-dimensional object modeling is necessary for developing virtual and augmented reality applications. Traditionally, application engineers must manually use art software to edit object shapes or exploit LIDAR to scan physical objects for constructing 3D models. This is very time-consuming and costly work. Fortunately, GPU recently provided a cost-effective solution for massive data computation. With GPU support, many studies have proposed 3D model generators based on different learning architectures, which can automatically convert 2D object pictures into 3D object models with good performance. However, as the demand for model resolution increases, the required computing time and memory space increase as significantly as the parameters of the learning architecture, which seriously degrades the efficiency of 3D model construction and the feasibility of resolution improvement. To resolve this problem, this paper proposes a part-oriented point cloud reconstruction framework called Part2Point. This framework segments the object's parts, reconstructs the point cloud for individual object parts, and combines the part point clouds into the complete object point cloud. Therefore, it can reduce the number of learning network parameters at the exact resolution, effectively minimizing the calculation time cost and the required memory space. Moreover, it can improve the resolution of the reconstructed point cloud so that the reconstructed model can present more details of object parts.

Using 3D-modeling to improve the quality of bachelors’ training in the field of socio-cultural activities

Problem statement. The implementation of 3D modeling elements in the in-demand specialists’ training of the socio-cultural sphere is in line with the recommendations of UNESCO and the priorities of Russia’s state cultural policy. The study aimed at substantiating the effectiveness of the three-dimensional computer graphics usage for specialists’ training to improve the quality of their education. Methodology . Theoretical and methodological analysis and generalization of fundamental scientific works on the research problem, processing of test results, and three-dimensional models of cultural objects are applied. The pedagogical experiment involved 49 students of the direction of training 51.03.03 Socio-cultural Activities (level - bachelor’s degree) of Orel State Institute of Culture. Pearson’s χ2 test was used as a statistical processing method. Results . The features of the use of three-dimensional computer graphics in the training of specialists in the socio-cultural sphere to improve the quality of their training are determined: activation of information communication; support for solving economic and engineering problems as components of socio-cultural activities; automation of a large number of calculations, etc. Statistically significant differences in qualitative changes in the pedagogical system were revealed. Conclusion . The use of three-dimensional computer graphics in the training of specialists in the socio-cultural sphere will help to increase the level of their professional training while providing a set of conditions: a combination of design, educational and research activities; orientation to the performance of labor functions; application of fundamental theoretical information on technologies for organizing leisure activities in real socio-cultural activities, etc.

Viewpoint dependence and scene context effects generalize to depth rotated three-dimensional objects.

Viewpoint effects on object recognition interact with object-scene consistency effects. While recognition of objects seen from "noncanonical" viewpoints (e.g., a cup from below) is typically impeded compared to processing of objects seen from canonical viewpoints (e.g., the string-side of a guitar), this effect is reduced by meaningful scene context information. In the present study we investigated if these findings established by using photographic images, generalize to strongly noncanonical orientations of three-dimensional (3D) models of objects. Using 3D models allowed us to probe a broad range of viewpoints and empirically establish viewpoints with very strong noncanonical and canonical orientations. In Experiment 1, we presented 3D models of objects from six different viewpoints (0°, 60°, 120°, 180° 240°, 300°) in color (1a) and grayscaled (1b) in a sequential matching task. Viewpoint had a significant effect on accuracy and response times. Based on the viewpoint effect in Experiments 1a and 1b, we could empirically determine the most canonical and noncanonical viewpoints from our set of viewpoints to use in Experiment 2. In Experiment 2, participants again performed a sequential matching task, however now the objects were paired with scene backgrounds which could be either consistent (e.g., a cup in the kitchen) or inconsistent (e.g., a guitar in the bathroom) to the object. Viewpoint interacted significantly with scene consistency in that object recognition was less affected by viewpoint when consistent scene information was provided, compared to inconsistent information. Our results show that scene context supports object recognition even when using extremely noncanonical orientations of depth rotated 3D objects. This supports the important role object-scene processing plays for object constancy especially under conditions of high uncertainty.

3D-technologies in forensic examination

3D-technologies in forensic examination

Комплексное использование различных программных сред для повышения уровня визуализации и восприятия информации

Implementation of various software tools in the educational process affects formation of students’ professional competencies. This influence should be taken into account in scientific and methodological support of the modern education system. The purpose of the article is to develop a technology for creating educational VR content that provides immersion into a virtual thematic space using a variety of different software environments and improves the effectiveness of teaching. In this article, the technology of creating an electronic course using a complex of specialized software tools is considered. The initial stage of such technology is to develop a course description that includes data and knowledge about the object or phenomenon under study. Three-dimensional models of virtual objects created in SketchUp, Blender. Solidworks, Compass-3D, etc. are used for technical objects. Then 3D models of objects and landscape are used for creating a virtual space in the Twinmotion software package. Then photorealistic panoramas, images and videos are imported from Twinmotion into 3DVista Virtual Tour Pro to create a virtual tour. At the final stage, the virtual tour is integrated into the LMS Moodle learning management system. The implementation of the technology of integrated use of specialized software tools was tested in the creation of educational content that provides immersion into a virtual thematic space on the example of the course "History of the Tambov Region", which is included in many educational programs at Tambov educational institutions. High efficiency of developed educational content is confirmed by the survey results of several groups of students and its further analysis using Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) methodology; as well as by checking learning achievements based on testing two groups of students of 12 people each. The first test group studied the discipline using the proposed electronic content, and the second one without it. The test results showed that the proportion of correct answers to test questions in the first group was 17% higher than for the students of the second group. Thus, the authors proposed the technology for development of educational content, which includes a number of specialized software tools, as well as the organization of the educational process using innovative educational means. Moreover, the use of the proposed technology allows students to develop teamwork and interpersonal communication skills by interactive lectures and group discussions.

The concept of aerial photography using a two-element active optoelectronic complex

The article proposes the concept of obtaining images on the basis of which it is possible to create three-dimensional models of objects. In particular, images contain the data necessary to recreate the three-dimensional form of an object. Such data include: the length, width of the modeled object as well as the lengthening of the shadow cast on the base surface. In accordance with the proposed concept, an important condition for obtaining images suitable for interpretation is the use of spatially separated equipment generating and recording optical radiation. The orientation parameters of the illumination source and the camera are selected, taking into account the requirements for the photogrammetric quality of images. A characteristic of geometric distortions that occur when changing the shooting mode from plan to perspective is presented, which demonstrates the change in the aspect ratio of the image depending on the angle of the camera. A characteristic of the shadow elongation depending on the spatial position of the optical radiation source is presented, which shows the influence of the orientation parameters of the optical illumination means on the length of the shadow cast on the base surface. On the basis of these characteristics, the choice of parameters of relative orientation in space of the source of optical illumination and the equipment that detects optical radiation is substantiated. Predicting the value of geometric distortions of images at the stage of choosing the parameters of relative orientation of the equipment of a two-element active optoelectronic complex allows you to save the photogrammetric quality of images and, as a result, measure the length and width of an object. Predicting the magnitude of the shadow elongation under conditions of artificial optical illumination provides the possibility of transferring features in the image for calculating the applicate and, as a result, recreating the three-dimensional shape of the object. The proposed concept of image registration finds application in topographic and geodetic and engineering work in conditions of insufficient natural light. For example, the use of a two-element active optical-electronic complex makes it possible to obtain three-dimensional photo plans of the terrain of geographic regions with a short daylight hours.

About the application of the R-function for geometric modeling of 3D objects of complex shapes in a virtual educational environment

This article is devoted to the creation of a national virtual university platform, geometric modeling of the design of exteriors, interiors and characters in the field of information technology based on 3D technologies. We know that visualization uses geometric splines and polygonal mesh construction methods. In virtual reality systems, each object is represented by a three-dimensional model. The real challenge now is to create custom models that control them. A three-dimensional model of a character is represented by a depth map, dots, a polygonal model, a parametric model describing anthropometric, ansaphic and profile features of a human face. The research process includes the study of the rules of visualization of virtual three-dimensional objects through internal and external models, the theory of geometric modeling, algorithms, methods and algorithms of computer modeling, the use of virtual reality algorithms in education. Today, when engineering and technology are rapidly developing in our country, traveling to the virtual world is of great interest to many. As a result, three-dimensional content and landscape design expand the human imagination and serve to capture our knowledge about the subject and object in our memory. It would be more effective to transfer practical classes in computer halls of educational institutions to the virtual world and organize them in this virtual environment using virtual objects. In addition, all aspects of the subject can be explained and taught, and students will be able to use it virtually. Creating a toolbar that includes all virtual objects becomes a priority. Object-oriented programming technologies and testing methods were used. This article proposes new methods of geometric modeling of three-dimensional objects mentioned above, that is, the constructive logical-algebraic method of R-functions (RFM). This method allows you to depict 3D objects of high complexity.

Robotic Manipulations of Cylinders and Ellipsoids by Ellipse Detection With Domain Randomization

A lot of objects commonly found in industrial and household environments are represented by cylindrical shapes (flange plates) and ellipsoids (oranges). The visual tops of cylindrical objects and the outlines of ellipsoids are approximately formed by elliptic shape primitives. Thus, a robot can manipulate these objects by ellipse detection. However, it poses a challenge for existing methods to detect ellipses that are largely interfered in cluttered environments. The supervised learning method provides a potential solution for ellipse detection in such environments, but manually labeling the ground truth for training the learning model costs much time, money and workload. In this work, we propose a novel approach to employing three-dimensional point-cloud models of cylindrical objects to construct synthetic images with ellipses based on domain randomization technology for training the supervised learning model. Using synthetic data generated in this manner, we build an end-to-end deep neural network with a detection backbone, rotating filters and the rotated region proposal net to do ellipse detection. To our knowledge, this is the first supervised learning model trained only on synthetic data for ellipse detection, enabling a robot to grasp cylindrical and ellipsoid objects. To demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed detector, the performance of the proposed method is superior to those of two state-of-the-art detectors on synthetic and public datasets. The proposed model for ellipse detection and data generation pipeline based on domain randomization in a simulation are evaluated by a series of robotic manipulations implemented in real application scenarios. The results illustrate a high success rate on real-world grasp attempts despite having only been trained on a synthetic dataset.

Construction of canal surfaces based on a specified flat curvature line

The research relevance is predefined by the widespread use of elements and structures that have the shape of canal surfaces in engineering practice and the possibilities of reproducing the surface through kinematics. The research aims to develop new means of modeling canal surfaces referred to as a grid of curvature lines by introducing elements with special properties into the structural model that simplify the solution of differential equations and reduce the amount of computation. To achieve the research methods, the synthetic geometric method, methods of linear algebra, the theory of differential equations and differential geometry, as well as methods of computer geometric modeling and visualization of three-dimensional objects were used. Studies on modeling and studying the properties of channel surfaces are analyzed. The research on the problem of the surfaces and lines of curvature is considered in more detail and the conditions under which it is possible to simplify the solution of the differential equation are identified. It was proved that the condition of contact between the canal surface and the plane along a given plane curve is sufficient for this curve to be one of the curvature lines of the family of orthogonal to the generating circles. This allowed to reduce the solution of the differential equation to two quadratures. The expressions of the corresponding integrals and an algorithm for modeling the canal surface with the possibility of referring to a grid of curvature lines were obtained. The expressions that define the desired surface include the parametric equations of a given plane line; a function that determines the radii of the spheres of the family depending on the parameter of this line. A specific example of modeling a surface based on a defined formula was also considered, and images of this surface with visualization of the coordinate grid were presented. The research’s practical values are defined by the possibility of using the developed modeling tools in the design and computer-aided design of the geometry of real products containing surfaces of a smooth transition of variable radius

ОБЗОР СЛАЙСЕРОВ ДЛЯ 3D-ПЕЧАТИ

The article presents an overview of software for preparing three-dimensional models(3D models) of objects for various purposes for transfer to a 3D printer for printing. It is noted thatrecently 3D printing is an integral part of the additive manufacturing process. Specifies that in order toperform the 3D printing process, created or downloaded 3D models stored in STL files must be translatedinto the printer control language. Such a language is called G-code, and the programs that make itpossible are called slicers. It is noted that the main function of the slicer is cutting the object model intoseparate layers. The article discusses an overview of slicer programs from various manufacturers. Foreach slicer, characteristics are given that reflect its functional content, focus on a certain category ofusers, affordability, support for other software, and other characteristics. It is noted that two types ofslicers are known - universal and specialized. Specialized slicers are usually focused on one technologyor one model line of printers, while universal slicers are focused on a wide range of printers. It is indicatedthat in recent years, manufacturers have begun to create software that combines the processes ofmodel development and its translation into G-code. It is noted that the 3D printing process requires thepreliminary setting of many parameter settings involved in the process of printing software and hardware.The above review shows that almost all slicers, except for the core of the program that calculatesgeometric shapes and converts the model to G-code, have six standard settings blocks: for slicer, model,printer, material, additional services and cutting. The tuning parameters for each of the tuning blocksare given. The slicer programs considered in the article are selected taking into account the orientationtowards different user groups, their modern functional content, popularity and availability on the Russianmarket.

선분 분할 탐지를 활용한 마스크 된 이미지 내의 물체 6 자유도 자세 추정

In this paper, for accurate grasping of objects, we propose a pose estimation algorithm that recognizes a three-dimensional object model within the mask area of the object detected by Mask R-CNN and estimates the 6D (degrees of freedom) pose of several instances. In industrial sites, it is challenging to determine the exact grasping position of small objects that lack characteristics when numerous parts are stacked. The proposed algorithm solves this problem by calculating the 6D pose of an object using the vertex detected from the contour of the object plane obtained from the image masked by instance segmentation. A line segmentation detection method in masked images based on low-cost RGB-D (Depth) cameras enables accurate pose estimation of objects for a robot gripper at high speed. The proposed method was verified through various experiments in an environment where rectangular objects were stacked.

The study of 3D modelling accuracy using terrestrial laser scanning data of Geomax Zoom 300

One of the tasks solved by terrestrial laser scanning data is three-dimensional modeling of territories. Due to the high density of the resulting point cloud, it is possible to create three-dimensional models of objects with a high level of detail. To date, a large number of models of laser scanners have been released, the technical characteristics of which can be significantly distinguished. To understand the possible accuracy of constructing three-dimensional modes based on the data of a certain laser scanner model and where the scan positions should be placed, a number of studies have to be preliminary performed. The accuracy analysis of the laser scanning data obtained using Geomax Zoom 300 and the results of three-dimensional modeling based on control measurements is carried out. Recommendations have been proposed for the use of this laser scanner model to construct 3D models of maximum possible accuracy and detail.

Development of a parametric model of a building of the educational institution in the OpenSCAD system

Not so long ago, the production of master models and prototyping was a complex and difficult process, prototypes were made by hand on the basis of complex developments and drawings. Now, with the advent of 3D technology, these processes have become much simpler and much more efficient. 3D modeling plays an important role in the life of modern society. 3D graphics are widely used in marketing, architecture, design and many other areas. 3D modeling is a limitless possibility. Three-dimensional models, animation, visualization - a generalized, but far from complete list of possibilities. 3D modeling allows you to create a prototype of a future building, a commercial product in three-dimensional format, printed on a 3D printer. The use of three-dimensional models of real objects is an unusual and interesting means of transmitting information, which can significantly increase the effectiveness of the presentation. OpenSCAD software was selected to perform the work. This open 3D modeling program allows the designer to model quite complex and accurate 3D models and parametric structures that can be easily adjusted by changing the parameters, the simulation itself is based on a program written in OpenSCAD. Therefore, the topic of the work "Development of a parametric model of a building of the educational institution in the OpenSCAD system" is relevant. The purpose of this work is to develop a parametric model of the building of the Ukrainian State University of Science and Technology using the OpenSCAD system.

Methods and means of visual and dimensional tests of hard-to-reach nodes of rocket and space equipment

The most machine vision-oriented industries are metallurgical, food, household chemicals, automotive and mechanical engineering, as well as pharmaceutical production. These are the areas in which there are increased requirements for the quality of products. An important role in increasing the demand for machine vision technologies was also played by the introduction of a national labeling and product tracking system. However, in the space industry, issues related to machine vision have not been fully resolved by non-destructive testing methods. For the first time in Russia, a prototype measuring stereoscopic video endoscope was developed, manufactured and tested. The authors have developed the software that allows obtaining textured three-dimensional models of objects, measure their geometric parameters, estimate the measurement error, calibrate and configure the system. The technical characteristics of the video endoscope have been confirmed at the level of analogues produced by the world's leading manufacturers. A method of designing probe stereoscopic systems has been developed and applied in practice.

THE FEATURES OF BASIC MODELING TOOLS OF 3D OBJECTS IN SKETCHUP

Recently, the intuitive-oriented program for designers and architects, which is used to quickly create three-dimensional models of objects, structures, buildings and interiors – SketchUp, has gained widespread recognition in the world of 3D. So now almost all other developers include in their software products or direct support for models (files) SketchUp, or data exchange with it through special plug-ins. SketchUp is designed primarily for sketch, searchable 3D modeling in three-dimensional space. However, SketchUp is successfully used to develop a variety of projects in all genres of design, advertising, engineering design, film and game production. The saltation in the increasing popularity of SketchUp has occurred since the program was “tied” to the new owner’s Internet projects – Google 3D models and Google Earth. The reason for choosing and acquiring SketchUp by Google, apparently, was its simplicity and accessibility. By creating a model of an architectural structure or any other object in SketchUp, users could place their creations in the public online collections of Google. So, in particular, the selection of collections “Cities under development” contains several thousand models of real architectural buildings of the world. At the same time, Google accepted 3D models only with the requirement that they were textured and equipped with the correct geographical reference. Compared to many other popular packages, SketchUp has a number of features that are positioned as advantages. The main feature of this program is the almost complete absence of pre-configuration windows. All geometric characteristics during or immediately after the end of the tool are set from the keyboard in the Value Control Box. Another key feature is the Push/Pull tool, which allows any plane to be “pulled out” to the side, creating new side walls as it moves. You can move the plane against the predetermined curve, using a special tool Follow Me. The program is also characterized by extreme accuracy of calculations and measurements.