Three-dimensional Evaluation Model Research Articles

Is Policy the Necessary or Sufficient Driving Force of Construction and Demolition Waste Recycling Industry Development? Experience from China.

Policies have long been considered the essential driving force in promoting construction and demolition waste (CDW) recycling. However, the policy instruments adopted in different economies have varied greatly, which contributes to the difficulty in quantitative discernment of their effect. This study aims to examine whether the holistic employment of policy measures determines the development of CDW recycling around China. To accurately measure the holistic adoption of CDW policies, this study assessed policy strength via a proposed three-dimensional evaluation model. The spatiotemporal differences in policy strength among the 52 sample cities were further defined using K-means clustering and the Gini coefficient. Next, the driving effect of policy on the initial establishment of CDW recycling industry practices was examined by event history analysis (EHA). Finally, fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was used to analyze the sufficiency and necessity of policy for the initial establishment of CDW recycling practices. The results indicated that the establishment of a first CDW recycling plant is only slightly correlated with policy measures, whereas it is highly correlated with the pilot city and per capita GDP. Furthermore, application of policy is neither a necessary nor sufficient condition for the establishment of a CDW recycling industry facility.

Quantitative evaluation of urban resilience in underdeveloped regions: a study of six cities in Sichuan & Tibet, China

Introduction: Urban resilience construction can aid in the management of urban crises and enhance the quality of the human living environment. Compared to metropolises in developed regions, cities in underdeveloped regions with unsatisfactory natural environments, insufficient economic and social development, and inadequate infrastructure construction are highly vulnerable to challenges posed by natural disasters, epidemics, and climate change. Comprehensive quantitative evaluations are needed to identify avenues for enhancing urban resilience.Methods: This study employs the TOPSIS entropy weight method and coupled coordination model to evaluate the economic, social, environmental, and infrastructure resilience of six cities and states along the Sichuan-Tibet Railway in China from 2015 to 2020. Furthermore, correlation and gray correlation analysis are used to identify the primary factors influencing the urban resilience of underdeveloped regions.Results: Firstly, during 2015-2020, the overall urban resilience of each city and state maintained an increasing trend, with different trends in the evolution of the four resilience indices and differences among cities, and the highest overall resilience is in Lhasa. Secondly, the coupling coordination between the overall resilience and each resilience aspect maintained an increasing trend and differed significantly from each other. Finally, the social and economic resilience of each city and state maintained an increasing trend and differed significantly from each other.Discussion: Economic, social, environmental, and infrastructure factors each have their own characteristics in influencing urban resilience. Based on the results, we present a three-dimensional evaluation model for analyzing the evolutionary trajectories and resilience patterns of cities. This work intends to present new concepts for assessing and optimizing urban resilience in underdeveloped regions using quantitative methodologies, as well as providing references for urban resilience construction in these places.

Polyetherketoneketone Mesh for Alveolar Bone Augmentation: Geometric Parameter Design and Finite Element Analysis.

To evaluate the mechanical properties of porous polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) meshes with different thicknesses, pore sizes, and porosities through finite element analysis to provide an optimal PEKK design for alveolar bone augmentation in the posterior mandibular region. A three-dimensional evaluation model of severe alveolar bone defects in the mandibular posterior was constructed based on cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) data. Then, PEKK meshes with different structural designs were obtained. Two key parameters were set with different values: five levels of thickness (0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, and 0.6 mm) and three levels of pore size (1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm) with a corresponding porosity of 19.18%-42.67%. A 100 N physiological force was simultaneously loaded by finite element analysis (FEA), and the deformation and stress data were outputted for further analysis. The deformation and stress of the PEKK meshes are negatively correlated with the changes in thickness and positively correlated with the changes in pore size. The FEA results show that the maximum deformation, equivalent stress, and maximum principal stress of the PEKK meshes are 0.168 mm-0.478 mm, 49.243 MPa-124.890 MPa, and 31.549 MPa-104.200 MPa, respectively. The PEKK mesh group with a thickness of 0.2 mm, pore size of 3 mm, and porosity of 42.67% is in danger of plastic deformation or even fracture during use. According to the FEA results, the PEKK meshes with larger thicknesses and smaller pore sizes and porosities behave better. In consideration of reducing soft tissue stimulation and promoting bone regeneration, an ultrathin porous PEKK mesh with a pore size of no more than 3 mm, porosity of no more than 42.67%, and thickness of 0.2 mm can be used clinically to meet the mechanical performance requirements of the guided bone regeneration (GBR) structure.

Research on the virtual simulation experiment evaluation model of e-commerce logistics smart warehousing based on multidimensional weighting

Abstract Through the analysis of the current research situation at home and abroad, this article finds that there is a lack of evaluation standards and methods in the virtual simulation experiment of e-commerce logistics smart warehousing. Therefore, it seriously affects the standardization and rationality of the experiment. To solve the problems in the evaluation of the current virtual simulation experiment, this article proposes a virtual simulation experiment evaluation model of e-commerce logistics smart warehousing based on multidimensional weighting. This article firstly sorts out the basic process of e-commerce logistics smart warehousing experiment activities and establishes the evaluation object. Then, based on the duality degree of the output results of the experimental steps, it proposes a method that conforms to the corresponding operation steps. Thus, a three-dimensional evaluation model of the completion degree of the operation steps, the reasonable degree of the operation steps, and the completion time of the operation steps are constructed. An automatic scoring evaluation model is proposed based on the combination of three-dimensional weighted evaluation of experimental steps. Finally, the feasibility and convenience of the evaluation model are verified through the experiment analysis.

A three-dimensional evaluation model for green development: evidence from Chinese provinces along the belt and road.

The establishment of the green belt and road is an inevitable choice to conform to and lead the green and low-carbon cycle development and an inherent requirement for sustainable development. Therefore, we establish an evaluation system of green development oriented to carbon neutrality, and calculate the green development level (GDL) of the provinces along the belt and road in China from 2003 to 2018 by using a three-dimensional evaluation model. In addition, this paper employs the Obstacle Degree Model to identify the main obstacle factors that affect GDL, and provides targeted and differentiated countermeasures and suggestions for improving the regional GDL. Our results suggested that the overall GDL has improved, but not obvious, with a low level. The GDL and coordination degree between different regions exist certain differences, and its spatial pattern is characterized by “high in southeast and northeast, low in southwest and northwest”. From a regional perspective, innovation capacity is the key factor that affects the green development of the region in southeast, northeast, northwest and southwest China. Driving economic green transformation and promoting industrial energy conservation and emission reduction through technological innovation are the internal driving forces to achieve regional green sustainable development.

A Three-Dimensional Evaluation Model of the Externalities of Highway Infrastructures to Capture the Temporal and Spatial Distance to Optimal—A Case Study of China

Various externalities caused by highway infrastructures, such as promoting economic development, traffic congestion, and air pollution, are becoming more and more important. Currently, there is no multi-dimensional quantitative evaluation of the externalities of highway infrastructures, hindering the sustainable planning and development of highway infrastructures. Therefore, this study aims to develop a three-dimensional evaluation model of the externalities of highway infrastructures. To achieve the above objective, this study: (1) developed a three-dimensional evaluation index system through a comprehensive literature review and interviews with experts; (2) weighted the evaluation indexes using the entropy weight method; (3) developed the comprehensive evaluation model using the grey correlation analysis method; (4) validated the developed model by using statistical data of Jiangsu province, China. The analysis results showed that the developed model is feasible and effective in evaluating the externalities of highway infrastructures as the analysis results are consistent with reality. In addition, the model can capture the value of externality-related information, the distance to the optimal state of the externalities of highway infrastructures, and the temporal and spatial trends of the externalities of highway infrastructures for a region. The results of this study for the first time set a basis for investigating the influential mechanism of the multi-dimensional externalities of highway infrastructures. Moreover, the results provide theoretical support for the scientific formulation of relevant policies and decision-making for the government.

Environmental Risk Assessment for PM2.5 Pollution from Non-Point Sources in the Mining Area Based on Multi-Source Superposition and Diffusion

To identify high-concentration contributing sources and highly dispersive pollution sources of fine particulate matter, analyze the relationship between the location and distribution shape of emission sources and the concentration contribution and dispersion of particulate matter, and realize the atmospheric environment risk simulation and the differential control of non-point sources in the mining area, taking a large mining area in Inner Mongolia as an example, we classified the emission sources of PM2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 μm) and complied with the emission inventory. A CALPUFF model was used to simulate the contribution for the PM2.5 concentration of six types of emission sources and a multi-source superposition. Through scenario simulation, we analyzed the relationship between the spatial distribution of emission sources and the emission concentration and diffusion in a large mining area. We analyzed the relative risks of six types of sources under the influence of other superimposed sources and the change of emission concentration during transmission. We established a three-dimensional evaluation model to assess the atmospheric environmental risk of PM2.5 non-point sources in the mining area, considering the change rate of PM2.5 concentration with migration, the relative contribution ratio of superimposed sources, and the equal contribution index of the standard concentration. The results show that the maximum equal contribution index of standard concentration of multi-source superposition was 4.40. Among them, non-paved roads, exposed surface sources of coal piles, and exposed surface sources of mine pits and dumps were the top three pollution contributors, and their maximum equal contribution indexes of standard concentration were 2.40, 2.21, and 2.10, respectively. The effect of superimposed pollution sources was affected by the wind field and the spatial distribution density of emission sources, while the dispersion was affected by the wind direction and the distribution direction of pollution sources. In the case of the same source intensity and emission area, the denser the source distribution was, the higher the emission concentration was, the smaller the contribution ratio of superimposed sources was, and the greater the relative pollution risk was. When the angle between the direction of dispersed linear pollution sources and the dominant wind direction was smaller, the emission concentration was higher, but the diffusion surface was smaller. When the angle with the direction of wind direction was larger, the emission concentration was lower, but the diffusion surface was larger. Concentrated pollution sources had the highest concentration and the diffusion surface was in the middle. Non-paved roads had the highest environmental risk, with an average risk of 5.61 × 10−2, followed by coal piles with an average value of 2.06 × 10−2, followed by pits and dumps with an average value of 1.89 × 10−2; the environmental risk of loading and unloading sources was the lowest. Unpaved roads were pollution sources with high relative pollution risk and diffusion risk, and their average relative pollution risk and diffusion risk were 2.34 × 10−2 and 3.28 × 10−2, respectively. In the case of multi-source superposition, the high-risk areas were mainly heavily polluted areas with intensive emission sources, while the medium-risk areas were moderately polluted areas with scattered pollution sources, and the diffusion risk was high. This research concludes that the dispersed distribution of pollution sources can reduce pollution risk, and the smaller the angle is between the linear distribution direction of pollution sources and the dominant wind direction, the smaller the diffusion risk is. Therefore, differentiated control can be carried out according to the characteristics of pollution sources. The conclusions can provide methods and theoretical support for the control of atmospheric environment risk, pollution prevention, and control planning in mining areas.

A Three-dimensional Model on Performance Evaluation and Rating of Supplier Logistics in Automotive Manufacturing Industry

In order to comprehensively measure the logistics capability of suppliers from the perspective of logistics, we take the field of automotive parts manufacturing as an example, study how to objectively evaluate suppliers, and therefore to determine the strategies for different suppliers, and select long-term cooperative partners, which is strategic significance for the supply chain management of enterprises [1]. This paper proposes a three-dimensional evaluation model involved with three aspects of supplier evaluation: supplier’s internal logistics management ability, supplier’s logistics external output ability and logistics cost management ability. Through establishing an evaluation dimension according to each aspect, combined with the evaluation principles, the weight factors of parts, performance evaluation and rating of supplier logistics can be obtained according to the problems faced with the actual situation.

Bibliometric analysis for talent identification by the subject–author–citation three-dimensional evaluation model in the discipline of physical education

PurposeIn order to solve the current imbalance of academic resources within the discipline, this article builds a three-dimensional talent evaluation model based on the topic–author–citation based on the z index and proposes the ZAS index to evaluate scholars on different research topics within the discipline.Design/methodology/approachBased on the sample data of the CSSCI journals in the discipline of physical education in the past five years, the keywords were classified into 13 categories of research topics including female sports. The ZAS index of scholars on topic of female sports and so on was calculated, and quantitative indexes such as h index p index and z index were calculated. Comparative analysis of the evaluation effect was performed.FindingsIt is found that compared with the h index and p index, the z index achieves a better balance between the quantity, quality and citation distribution of scholars' results and effectively recognizes that the citation quality is higher and the number of citations of each paper is more balanced. In addition, compared to the z index, this article is based on a ZAS index model with an improved three-dimensional topic–author–citation relationship in research fields such as female sports.Originality/valueIt can identify some outstanding scholars who are engaged in small-scale or emerging topic research such as female sports and are excellent in different research areas. Talents create an objective and fair evaluation environment. At the same time, the ranking ability of ZAS indicators in the evaluation of talents is the strongest, and it is expected to be used in practical evaluations.

Research on the Effect Evaluation of Protected Space Driving New Technologies Industrialization from the Perspective of ST

Based on the perspective of sustainability transitions (ST) theory, the paper dissects the opera-tional mechanisms of protected space driving emerging technology industrialization from an external system perspective, which is on the basis of defining essential characteristics and func-tional attributes of protected space. Meanwhile, it structures a three-dimensional evaluation model of protected space from the perspective of internal mechanism by introducing the policy mixes method. Finally, taking the Chinese New Energy Vehicle (NEV) industry as the example and using the system dynamics modeling method, the paper designs different simulation schemes from three dimensions of horizontal evolution trend, three types of policy instrument change and policy mixes of protected space, to predict and analyze the operation effect of protected space. The results show that the Chinese NEV industry is in the stage of market niche entry, and corresponding measures should be taken to increase the market scale, form effective demand and scale effect, and promote the diffusion of market niche; the effect of policy mixes is better than that of the single policy instrument; specific policy mixes should be adopted to develop simultaneously from both the supply and demand sides to improve the industrialization level of NEV.

Evaluation Model and Strategy for Selecting Carbon Reduction Technology for Campus Buildings in Primary and Middle Schools in the Yangtze River Delta Region, China

Cutting down global warming and reducing greenhouse gas emissions such as carbon dioxide are important global targets. Accounting for a third of global energy consumption, the building construction industry is an important target for carbon reduction. Campus buildings, of which there are a large number in China, differ from other building types, as they have noteworthy energy-use characteristics and technology selection requirements. This study identifies the carbon reduction technologies in Chinese primary and middle schools commonly used for energy and water conservation, and then evaluates their performance according to degrees of carbon reduction, maturity and economic suitability. Based on these three indicators, the study creates a three-dimensional evaluation model for the different technologies examined in order to obtain a selection ranking. The study offers guidance for project practice in the construction of primary and middle schools and helps to promote the development of the low-carbon campus.

A Three-Dimensional Evaluation Model of National Fragility Based on Dynamic Weighting

Nowadays, climate change has become an increasingly important factor that influences the national development. In this paper, we propose the three-dimensional model based on dynamic weighting to measure national fragility, while taking into account a series of climatic factors like temperature, rainfall et al. Our model includes 20 indicators which can be divided into economic factors, social factors and environmental factors. We first divided all indicators into cost-type, benefit-type and moderate indicators, and normalized them based on different types of indicators. Then, combining modified entropy weight method and AHP, the weights of 20 indicators and three factors in the evaluation model are defined. In the three-dimensional evaluation model, we use the length of the evaluation curve to evaluate the national fragility and measure the balance of the three factors with the angle between the curve and the diagonal of the model. Moreover, since countries at different stages of development have different development focuses, we have developed an "S-type" function to dynamically measure the different emphasis on the degree of national fragility and the balance of the three evaluation factors. Then, we calculate the comprehensive fragility index by giving different weights for the degree of national fragility and the balance of the three factors. Finally, we use two different countries which are China and Sudan to verify the rationality of the model. The results show that our model can reasonably measure the fragility of countries in different development levels, which also proves its adaptability and practicability.

A three-dimensional evaluation model for regional carrying capacity of ecological environment to social economic development: Model development and a case study in China

A three-dimensional evaluation model was established to evaluate the carrying capacity of regional ecological environment to social economic development, based on the study on the relationship between environmental quality, ecological quality and social economy. It includes socio-economic subsystem, ecological subsystem and environment subsystem. X axis represents the level of ecological quality index; Y axis represents the level of environment quality index; Z-axis represents the level of socio-economic development index. The three-dimensional cube model divides into eight blocks of “I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII”, which represent different social and economic development levels and the integrated status of ecological environmental quality. It covers 25 indicators of social economic development, ecological quality, and environmental quality. Entropy weighting method was adopted to determine the weight of each index. Ecological quality index, environmental quality index and socio-economic development index were divided into three grades; the subsystem index of grade Ⅱ is taken as the inflection points Xip, Yip and Zip respectively. 11 prefecture-level cities in Jiangxi province in China were used as a study on carrying capacity evaluation for regional ecological environment to social economic development by the three-dimensional evaluation model. The comprehensive evaluation index and indexes of each subsystem were calculated. The actual ecological environmental quality and socio-economic values of the study area were compared with the corresponding indexes.The study shows that the environment subsystem has a great influence on the comprehensive model. The comprehensive evaluation index of 11 prefecture-level cities in Jiangxi province has exceeded the medium value (grade Ⅱ ). Jiujiang, Ganzhou, Yichun and Shangrao in Jiangxi province are in the model block Ⅷ , other cities in Jiangxi province are in the model block Ⅴ . It shows that all cities of Jiangxi province are still at the intermediate level of carrying capacity and are in the development stage of economic and environmental coordination. The three-dimensional model effectively reflects the actual situation of regional ecological environment, provides a way for other regional carrying capacity evaluation. It is feasible and scientific, and the results are more intuitive, spatial, and visual. The model provides a reference for the macro-management and decision making of ecological environment in the government sector.

An Evaluation System for Seismic Retrofitting Schemes of an Existing Building Using Energy Dissipation Device

Focusing on the green renovation project of Shendu Building in Shanghai, China, an evaluation system is developed for the comparison of a variety of seismic control schemes for seismic retrofit of the building. A three-dimensional evaluation model is developed in MATLAB to represent the dynamic features of the structural system of the building, and nine key evaluation indices are defined for the evaluation purpose from a global view of both control efficiency and costs. The complete procedure of designing control schemes based on the retrofitted benchmark structure is presented, which may be helpful for researchers and engineers in easily testing various control schemes by using this evaluation system.

Research on Renewable Energy Technology Selection Model Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation in Beijing

At present, China is in a critical period of energy restructuring. Renewable energy industry bear to ensure national energy security and achieve the historic task of energy for sustainable development. To speed up technological innovation of renewable energy industry has been a priority. Conducting systematic research of renewable energy technologies selected, not only can grasp the advantages of renewable energy resources, a clear direction of development of industrial technology, but also to enrich and improve the industrial technology innovation management theory and methods to make a positive contribution. This paper established a renewable three-dimensional evaluation model of industrial technology development (technology needs dimension, technology dimension and the supply of integrated environmental dimensions) ,and took Beijing as an example to calculate the Beijing photovoltaic, wind power, biomass and small hydro renewable energy generation technology evaluation results.

A Three-Dimensional Evaluation Model for Network Management System

The growing of network applications and the advances in network services demand for more complex and flexible network management systems. It becomes difficult to evaluate the performance of such a system using the traditional, simple and arbitrary evaluation methods especially when the system is designed for a specific purpose. Systematic evaluation models should be built to evaluate if a system meets the specified requirements while does not sacrifice much of the network performance. In this paper, we propose a three-dimensional evaluation model for network management system which takes cost, impact, as well as operation into consideration at the same time. We define evaluation index as a performance indicator, which is detailed elaboration for the proposed model. We believe that the three-dimensional evaluation for network evaluation can be better suited in nowadays network environment.

A Study on Theoretical Model and Applied Evaluation of Land Use Performance of High-tech Zone in Urban Fringe: A Case Study in Haidian District, Beijing

High-tech industrial zone is an important carrier for constructing innovative cities. It also plays an important role in implementing the national independent innovative strategy. How-ever, most of the high-tech industrial zones have many problems in their development process, such as efficiency of land use, weakness of oriented function and lack of land intensive. To solve these problems, the authors of this paper introduced the concept of land use performance and established the theoretical model to assess the land use performance of high-tech industrial zones. The model consists of the following three-dimensional parts: land use benefit, land use efficiency and innovative function. Based on this theory model, an index system which was composed of three secondary indictors, eight tertiary indictors and 37 fourth-grade indictors was set up to evaluate the land use performance of high-tech zone. To avoid the defects of plus model and function model, the authors brought out a three-dimensional evaluation model to examine the index of the land use performance of the high-tech industrial parks, which equals to the evaluation indicator system of land use performance of high-tech zone based on the above research. The authors examined the land use performance of five different high-tech industrial parks in Haidian District, Beijing City. The results indicated that the indicator system per-forms better in the aspect of evaluating land use benefit, land use efficiency and function of the high-tech industrial zone compared with other models.

Phase I Benchmark Control Problem for Seismic Response of Cable-Stayed Bridges

This paper presents the problem definition for the first generation of benchmark structural control problems for cable-stayed bridges. The benchmark problem is based on the Bill Emerson Memorial Bridge that is currently under construction in Cape Girardeau, Missouri. Construction of the bridge is expected to be completed in 2003. The goal of this study is to provide a testbed for the development of strategies for the control of cable-stayed bridges. Based on detailed drawings, a three-dimensional evaluation model has been developed to represent the complex behavior of the full scale benchmark bridge. The linear evaluation model is developed using the equations of motion generated around the deformed equilibrium position. Evaluation criteria are selected that are consistent with the goals of seismic response control of a cable-stayed bridge. Control constraints ensure that the results are representative of a control implementation on the physical structure. Each participant in this benchmark study is given...