Three-dimensional Characters Research Articles

DEVELOPMENT PROCESS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL CHARACTER DESIGN AND MODELING FOR MOBILE GAMES

This research focuses on the development process of three-dimensional character design and modeling in mobile games with the rapid development of the game market in the world and in Turkey. The rapid development of the game market has led to an increase in the number of these companies and the necessity to create, develop and improve the infrastructure of the games by programming mobile games and adding new design elements with the increasing number of companies invested or acquired by important national or international companies. Undoubtedly, the visuality used in games is very important in terms of increasing the demand for them and the pleasure they will give to the player. Especially three-dimensional character design ranks first among the criteria that increase the appreciation of the game. Characters should be well designed and original in order to be adopted and preferred by users. This study aims to reveal the development process of three-dimensional character design for mobile games. With this research, it is aimed to draw attention to the design and modeling stages of three-dimensional characters produced for mobile games. The data obtained as a result of the research on the subject show that character design, which is one of the design steps that determine the success of a game, has important contributions from the development stage of the game to the marketing stage. The effectiveness of the character reinforces the bond that the users establish with him/her and thus enables them to internalise and adopt the game they play. For this reason, it has been determined that while character design is critical to the success of a game, it should also be considered that it includes various other elements that also affect the overall game experience.

Fried Green Tomatoes: Why Good Feminist Films Matter

Film, as a powerful cultural communication tool, significantly impacts viewers' values, attitudes, and behaviors. Feminist films, by presenting complex, three-dimensional female characters and their stories, can promote societal understanding of women's issues and advance gender equality. They also provide a platform for female creators to voice their perspectives, challenging gender inequality in the male-dominated film industry. This study examines the 1991 classic American film "Fried Green Tomatoes." It found that the film's costumes convey symbolic meanings related to gender, class, and occupation, reflecting societal expectations and stereotypes. A comparative analysis of Idgie's and Ruth's costumes reveals their character traits: Idgie's free-spirited, nature-bound lifestyle contrasts with Ruth's gentle, kind demeanor. "Fried Green Tomatoes" effectively uses parallel perspectives to challenge traditional gender roles and redefine them. By analyzing this feminist film, the study deepens the understanding of the positive role of feminist cinema, enriching feminist perspectives in film studies and highlighting women's self-awakening and resistance through the narrative of friendship and growth.

USING THE AI SERVICE RUNWAYML FOR DATA VISUALIZATION

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of domestic and international developments regarding the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) tools for generating high-quality images and realistic three-dimensional video materials in the preparation process of advertisers. It is no secret that the main condition for successful company development is the effective operation of advertising agencies and qualified PR managers who skillfully influence public opinion in favor of the firm. To achieve this goal, they must possess modern information technologies and AI tools, understand company development strategies, and successfully conduct presentations, press conferences, and other events. The article material is dedicated to the professional training of advertisers and explores the possibilities of using artificial intelligence (AI) in their work with advertising companies. It is important to note that the subject matter we are investigating is not related to news journalism. There are other resources and opportunities for training professionals in this segment, distinct from technologies in the advertising field. The features of using the RunwayML service, which allows expanding the possibilities of visualizing complex data, are analyzed. Its potential in creating animations, 3D videos, and three-dimensional models and characters opens up new perspectives for presenting visual information by advertising and PR professionals. Particularly impressive is the use of RunwayML in creating 3D videos to tell stories, which provides the opportunity to create captivating and innovative ways of presenting content. These tools open up new horizons in data visualization making them more accessible, engaging, and effective for audience perception. This indicates that AI and neural networks are not just trendy key technologies but also essential tools in the modern process of creating and presenting visual information. Their powerful potential enables process optimization, increased efficiency, and improved product quality. However, the adaptation of AI to the needs of teaching disciplines in higher education institutions still requires further study.

A proposed reconstruction method of a 3D animation scene based on a fuzzy long and short-term memory algorithm.

With the development of computer technology leading to a broad range of virtual technology implementations, the construction of virtual tasks has become highly demanded and has increased rapidly, especially in animation scenes. Constructing three-dimensional (3D) animation characters utilizing properties of actual characters could provide users with immersive experiences. However, a 3D face reconstruction (3DFR) utilizing a single image is a very demanding operation in computer graphics and vision. In addition, limited 3D face data sets reduce the performance improvement of the proposed approaches, causing a lack of robustness. When datasets are large, face recognition, transformation, and animation implementations are relatively practical. However, some reconstruction methods only consider the one-to-one processes without considering the correlations or differences in the input images, resulting in models lacking information related to face identity or being overly sensitive to face pose. A face model composed of a convolutional neural network (CNN) regresses 3D deformable model coefficients for 3DFR and alignment tasks. The manuscript proposes a reconstruction method for 3D animation scenes employing fuzzy LSMT-CNN (FLSMT-CNN). Multiple collected images are employed to reconstruct 3D animation characters. First, the serialized images are processed by the proposed method to extract the features of face parameters and then improve the conventional deformable face modeling (3DFDM). Afterward, the 3DFDM is utilized to reconstruct animation characters, and finally, high-precision reconstructions of 3D faces are achieved. The FLSMT-CNN has enhanced both the precision and strength of the reconstructed 3D animation characters, which provides more opportunities to be applied to other animation scenes.

Safety Evaluation for Highway Geometric Design Based on Spatial Path Properties

Safety is an important aspect of road design. In highway geometric design, road engineers use a two-stage design method due to its convenience, but the available two-dimensional design tools on the market are believed to impose limitations. Horizontal and vertical alignment parameters are considered and determined at the designer’s discretion, potentially downplaying the three-dimensional characters of spatial curves. This study focuses on the three-dimensional characteristics of highway alignments and investigates a safety evaluation method to establish the relationship between crash rate and spatial curve properties. This will necessitate an analytical investigation into the effects of higher-order properties, such as curvature and torsion, on the geometry of spatial Cartesian curves. First, these combinations of horizontal and vertical alignments were categorized into six classifications, each with its own spatial expression in mathematical form. After manipulating the curvature and torsion of the spatial curve algebraically, the correlation between geometric design variables and crash rate was ultimately established. A few cases involving geometric design data and crash facts were utilized for verification. The results revealed a considerable positive correlation between curvature or torsion variance and crashes per million vehicles kilometers, as a slight difference between curvature and torsion could also be spotted. And curvature distribution is correlated with collision frequency more closely than torsion spatial variation.

메타버스를 활용한 차문화 교육과정 개발을 위한 탐색적 접근

In this study, we applied an exploratory approach to develop a tea culture education curriculum on the Metaverse, which has been receiving considerable attention as a new educational platform beyond the existing online setting. Our findings provide a direction to the development of a creative education curriculum using Metaverse content that can conserve the traditional aspects of Korean tea culture, while creating new value and types of knowledge. By analyzing the traits of different Metaverse platforms, Zepeto was selected as it provides a number of maps that include Korean characteristics and culture, as well as three-dimensional characters and multiple languages; it also allows users to create their own maps. However, due to limitations on sharing content and objects, a map using only images was produced. Based on this, a tea culture education teaching-learning curriculum using the Metaverse was proposed. The significance of this study is that it suggests a new approach in the field of tea culture education that can be more fun and interesting for students. In addition, directions have been proposed for a new type of tea culture education and character education program in the form of etiquette education on the Metaverse beyond existing etiquette education.

The American Pipe Dream: Performance of Drug Addiction, 1890–1940

The American Pipe Dream: Performance of Drug Addiction, 1890–1940

Three-dimensional polarization state and spin structure of a tightly focused radially polarized Gaussian Schell-model beam

In this work, we revisit the tight focusing of a radially polarized partially coherent Gaussian Schell-model beam and examine the effect of spatial coherence of the incident beam on the focal-plane three-dimensional (3D) polarization characters, including the 3D degree of polarization, polarimetric dimensionality, and polarimetric structure. The polarimetric structure and the associated structure for the spin density vector of the tightly focused field are obtained via the 3D characteristic decomposition of the $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3$ polarization matrix. We demonstrate that the generated focused field shows the genuine 3D polarization state and a sophisticated spin structure due to the reduced spatial coherence in the incident beam. We find the contributions to whole 3D polarization state of the focused field from the pure state, middle-term state, and 3D unpolarized state in the characteristic decomposition, as well as the contributions to the total spin density vector from the spins of pure state and middle-term state can be controlled by the transverse spatial coherence width of the incident Gaussian Schell-model beam. In addition, the genuine 3D polarization and the spin structure are analyzed in the connection of the recently introduced concept of polarimetric nonregularity.

Three-Dimensional Animation Space Design Based on Virtual Reality

3D animation stereo space design is to process and analyze the collected target image information on the computer and finally obtain a 3D model that can represent the corresponding structure. As a branch of computer vision, 3D animation stereo space design is an important part of realizing the key technology of environment perception. What humans see in the three-dimensional world is a two-dimensional picture. Combined with the visual mechanism and the prior information of the object, it can realize the perception of the environment and promote the convenience of life and production. Games, movies, virtual humans, and any product that uses 3D technology require 3D engine support. The 3D engine encapsulates hardware operations and graphics algorithms and can manage a large number of texture and model resources to construct complex 3D scenes. In order to facilitate the research related to virtual human, in this paper, through the research and study of graphics-related mathematical knowledge and related technologies of engine architecture, an intelligent virtual animation generation engine based on DirectX12 is realized, and three-dimensional characters are controlled through related components, and the function of each module is tested and guaranteed. Test cases were designed to test the various functions of the engine and finally showed that the design goals in the demand analysis have been completed, and a lightweight three-dimensional animation three-dimensional space model has been realized.

Transition Metal-Catalyzed Biaryl Atropisomer Synthesis via a Torsional Strain Promoted Ring-Opening Reaction.

Arising from the restricted rotation of a single bond caused by steric or electronic effects, atropisomerism is one of the few fundamental categories for molecules to manifest their three-dimensional characters into which axially chiral biaryl compounds fall. Despite the widespread occurrence of axially chiral skeletons in natural products, bioactive molecules, and chiral ligands/organocatalysts, catalytic asymmetric methods for the synthesis of these structures still lag behind demand. Major challenges for the preparation of these chiral biaryls include accessing highly sterically hindered variants while controlling the stereoselectivity. A couple of useful strategies have emerged for the direct asymmetric synthesis of these molecules in the last two decades.Recently, we have engaged in catalytic asymmetric synthesis of biaryl atropisomers via transition metal catalysis, including asymmetric ring-openings of dibenzo cyclic compounds. During these studies, we serendipitously discovered that the two substituents adjacent to the axis cause these dibenzo cyclic molecules to be distorted to minimize steric repulsion. The distorted compounds display higher reactivity in the ring-opening reactions than the non-distorted molecules. In other words, torsional strain can promote a ring-opening reaction. On the basis of this concept, we have successfully realized the catalytic asymmetric ring-opening reaction of cyclic diaryliodoniums, dibenzo silanes, and 9H-fluoren-9-ols, which delivered several differently substituted ortho tetra-substituted biaryl atropisomers in high enantioselectivity. The torsional strain not only activates the substrates toward ring-opening under mild conditions but also changes the chemoselectivity of bond-breaking events. In the palladium-catalyzed carboxylation of S-aryl dibenzothiophenium, the torsional strain inversed the bond selectivity from exocyclic C-S bond cleavage to the ring-opening reaction.In this Account, we summarize our studies on copper-, rhodium-, or palladium-catalyzed asymmetric ring-opening reactions of dibenzo cyclic compounds as a useful collection of methods for the straightforward preparation of ortho tetra-substituted biaryl atropisomers with high enantiopurity on the basis of the above-mentioned torsional strain-promoted ring-opening coupling strategy. In the last part, the torsional strain energies are also discussed with the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

An Intelligent Analysis Method for 3D Wheat Grain and Ventral Sulcus Traits Based on Structured Light Imaging.

The wheat grain three-dimensional (3D) phenotypic characters are of great significance for final yield and variety breeding, and the ventral sulcus traits are the important factors to the wheat flour yield. The wheat grain trait measurements are necessary; however, the traditional measurement method is still manual, which is inefficient, subjective, and labor intensive; moreover, the ventral sulcus traits can only be obtained by destructive measurement. In this paper, an intelligent analysis method based on the structured light imaging has been proposed to extract the 3D wheat grain phenotypes and ventral sulcus traits. First, the 3D point cloud data of wheat grain were obtained by the structured light scanner, and then, the specified point cloud processing algorithms including single grain segmentation and ventral sulcus location have been designed; finally, 28 wheat grain 3D phenotypic characters and 4 ventral sulcus traits have been extracted. To evaluate the best experimental conditions, three-level orthogonal experiments, which include rotation angle, scanning angle, and stage color factors, were carried out on 125 grains of 5 wheat varieties, and the results demonstrated that optimum conditions of rotation angle, scanning angle, and stage color were 30°, 37°, black color individually. Additionally, the results also proved that the mean absolute percentage errors (MAPEs) of wheat grain length, width, thickness, and ventral sulcus depth were 1.83, 1.86, 2.19, and 4.81%. Moreover, the 500 wheat grains of five varieties were used to construct and validate the wheat grain weight model by 32 phenotypic traits, and the cross-validation results showed that the R2 of the models ranged from 0.77 to 0.83. Finally, the wheat grain phenotype extraction and grain weight prediction were integrated into the specialized software. Therefore, this method was demonstrated to be an efficient and effective way for wheat breeding research.

Animation Image Art Design Mode Using 3D Modeling Technology

This paper starts with the external visual performance of animation characters, discusses the design style of three-dimensional animation characters, and integrates with traditional art, and makes a new research and attempt from the combination of art and technology, so that nonprofessionals can easily design three-dimensional animation characters. Aiming at the problem of low recognition level of behavior control data points in traditional 3D virtual animation model method, a method of role modeling and behavior control in 3D virtual animation design is designed. Based on the physical engine, a dynamic model of the character skeleton is established, and the joint motion trajectory is simulated to complete the real-time rendering of the effect. Combined with the case analysis, it is discussed from the aspects of animation character modeling, user experience, and so on. Experimental results show that, compared with traditional methods, the data points collected by the proposed method in the process of character behavior control are more dense, the animation effect is more realistic, and it is highly effective and superior.

PERBANDINGAN EFEK KERUTAN TIGA DIMENSI PADA RIAS WAJAH KARAKTER TUA MENGGUNAKAN TISU WAJAH DAN LATEX DENGAN TISU WAJAH DAN LEM BULU MATA

This research is backgrounded because students are not taught about the makeup of three-dimensional old characters, where the result of wrinkles from the makeup of threedimensional old characters is more visible and natural. The study aims to analyze 1) how the effect of three-dimensional wrinkles on the facial makeup of old characters using facial and latex wipes, 2) how the three-dimensional wrinkle effect results on the makeup of the old character using facial wipes and eyelash glue, 3) how the three-dimensional wrinkle effect compares to the facial makeup of the old character using facial and latex wipes using facial wipes and eyelash glue. This research uses pseudo-experimental research methods (quasi experiments). This research variable is a free variable (X), a bound variable (Y). The data type uses primary data. The data collection techniques in this study are observations, documentation, instruments. The steps to analyze the data are test analysis requirements, hypothetical tests. Based on the results of study 1) the effect of three-dimensional wrinkles on the makeup of old characters using facial and latex wipes from the neat aspect shows an average of 1.90 untidy categories, resilience showed an average of 2.19 categories were less precise and from the resilience aspect showed an average of 2.62 categories less resistant, 2) the result of three-dimensional wrinkle effects on the makeup of old characters using facial wipes and eyelash glue from the neat aspect showed an average of 3.29 neat categories , resilience shows an average of 3.19 categories of resistance and from the durability aspect shows an average of 3.10 resistant categories, 3) there is a comparison of neatness, accuracy and durability of the threedimensional wrinkle effect on the makeup of older characters using facial and latex wipes with facial wipes and eyelash glue. It is then recommended for students to add knowledge in doing three-dimensional old character makeup by using facial and latex wipes with facial wipes and eyelash glue

Applied Research on Counterpoint Creation of Musical Theatre Dance--Analytical Research Based on "Chicago"

"Counterpoint" refers to a polyphonic creation method. This article defines the concept of counterpoint creation in musical theatre dance by analyzing the research on counterpoint in different art fields. The purpose is to demonstrate the counterpoint creation relationship between the choreography and the theme, characters and plot in the musical "Chicago", so as to explore the way of counterpoint creation. Through the analysis of different versions of "Chicago", the conclusion is that the counterpoint creation of musical theatre dance is a flexible creation method, which requires the creator to perform counterpoint creation from the perspective of thinking and the audience's aesthetic logic. Counterpoint creation can make the theme Vivid, three-dimensional characters, rationalized plots, and maximized commercial value.

On the authenticity pursuit and value transfer of realistic drama creation from the children of Joe family

In the summer of 2021, the TV series "Sons and Daughters of Joe" aired, which aroused hot discussion on the Internet, which was undoubtedly another success of reality drama. Reality-themed TV dramas often focus on realistic issues, write paeans of The Times, pay attention to social development, appreciate the warmth and warmth of the human world, and strive to create real three-dimensional characters and inherit the spirit of The Times. With the background of "reform and opening up", the drama shows the changes of a family in the past 30 years. This paper will discuss from three aspects: restoring the background of the era, shaping the character image and transmitting the values of "truth, kindness and beauty", hoping that the analysis of the drama can provide some valuable references for the family ethics drama under the realistic TV series in the future.

Global controversy in oyster systematics and a newly described species from SE Asia (Bivalvia: Ostreidae: Crassostreinae)

The diversity of native oysters in many regions is overshadowed by the global dominance of a few economically important species. Here we describe the Muar Oyster, Crassostrea (Magallana) saidii sp. nov., first reported as an established local fishery renowned for exceptional and distinctive flavour over 160 years ago by British colonial officials in Malaysia, but as yet never formally named or described as a species. This new species has a subtle but clear morphological diagnosis dependent on three-dimensional characters, which has long been recognised by local fishers to differentiate the new species from co-occurring C. (M.) belcheri (G. B. Sowerby II, 1871). The Indo-Pacific clade Magallana Salvi & Mariottini, 2016 in Salvi and Mariottini 2017 is a phylogenetically distinct group that nonetheless cannot be morphologically separated from the broader genus Crassostrea Sacco, 1897. Fossils or species known only from shell specimens, though morphologically distinct species, cannot be classified as Magallana, Talonostrea Li & Qi, 1994, or Crassostrea s.s.; therefore, we revise these groups as sub-genera within Crassostrea. Our analysis of the COI barcoding fragment from previously published sequences of all available Magallana species found that gene is not sufficient to separate several economically important species, and revealed more than 5% of sequences in GenBank represent identification errors. The new species Crassostrea (Magallana) saidii sp. nov., which is genetically, morphologically, and gastronomically distinct, is known from only one population under potential threat from urbanisation. Many more global species of Magallana remain undescribed. The systematics of this group is critical to understand the diversity of global oysters, and to understand the sustainable use of species grown worldwide for centuries as our food.

Recent Thornton Wilder Scholarship: 2016–2020

Recent Thornton Wilder Scholarship: 2016–2020

Quantitative assessment of multi-scale second phase particles and their roles in the deformation response of ZK60 alloy

The quantification and visualization of the multi-scale particles and their roles in the deformation response of the ZK60 magnesium alloy are investigated in this study. The three-dimensional (3D) characters of multi-scale second phase particles, including size, shape and distribution, are visualized and quantified using X-ray computed tomography (CT) technology. Results show that rod-shaped Mg4Zn7 particles are only distributed at the submicron scale, while disc-shaped MgZn2 particles are distributed at various scales. 3D finite element structural models, constructed using CT imaging, show competitive effects between submicron Mg4Zn7 particles and micron MgZn2 particles on the plastic deformation. According to the detailed fracture surface analysis, the fracture initiation is observed to occur close to the rod-shaped Mg4Zn7 particles.

Analysis of Facial Feature Design for 3D Animation Characters

The facial features of animation characters convey information about the characters to audiences and make the characters more believable. Using multidimensional scaling, this study analyzed the differences in the facial features of 332 three-dimensional characters from the top-100 grossing animation films at the international box office. We also explored whether top character designers follow implicit design principles that vary with the gender, age, and role of the character. The study results indicate that (1) face aspect ratio, (2) nose length, and (3) distance from mouth corner to face edge are three crucial facial features in character design. The results of this study offer concrete suggestions for character design to help designers make suitable adjustments to the facial features of characters.

Kinect-for-windows with augmented reality in an interactive roleplay system for children with an autism spectrum disorder

ABSTRACT Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often find it difficult to communicate using body language and facial expressions to respond appropriately socially. This negatively affects the quality of their everyday social life. Children with ASD can learn to socially interact with virtual three-dimensional (3D) characters in animated games enhanced with augmented reality (AR). They can learn about body language and facial expressions through roleplay. This teaching method can effectively improve the interactive social skills of children with ASD and reduce the fear and anxiety which they typically experience when they face real people. However, most current virtual roleplay models focus only on predefined body language and facial expressions limited by the training system. These systems lack immediacy and a sense of genuine interaction for children with ASD. Therefore, we wanted to create a system that will allow trainers and therapists to control 3D virtual characters that are able to produce in real time the full range of natural body language and facial expressions appropriate for males, females, and even special cartoon characters. Based on the multiple baseline design across subjects, the data indicated that real-time Kinect Skeletal Tracking (KST) System can help the children with ASD improved their social interaction.