Three-dimensional Aerogel Research Articles

Nanofiber aerogel with layered array with structure coupled photothermal/magnetothermal effect for continuous seawater desalination

The solar evaporation is susceptible to intermittent solar irradiation as well as salt crystallization deposition on the surface severely limits the evaporation efficiency. In this work, subject to inspiration of the transpiration, groove array structure and antifouling performance of banana leaves, a multifunctional photothermal/ magnetothermal coupled three-dimensional(3D) aerogel evaporator with layer-by-layer array structure was prepared by blow-spun technology which can achieve mass produced. The unique super hydrophilic vertical array structure has multi-scale high-efficiency water transport channels and the SnSe-Fe3O4 evaporation layer realizes super hydrophobic self-cleaning and excellent photothermal and magnetothermal conversion performance, which can achieve all-weather seawater desalination. The vertical array structures facilitate the reflection and refraction of light and promote the seawater convection and salt crystals absorption coupling. It could improve the photothermal conversion efficiency and salt resistance of the evaporator. Which resulted in an evaporation rate of 2.53 kg m−2h−1 under 1 sun, with solar energy conversion efficiency of 105 % and the evaporation rate is about 4.54 kg m−2h−1 at a magnetic field. Furthermore, it could purify organic pollutants in industrial wastewater and use waste heat to generate electricity. This evaporator provides a new economical and environmentally friendly solution for seawater desalination and sewage treatment.

Flexible and high-strength MXene/polyimide nanofiber aerogel membranes achieving infrared stealth through combined thermal control and low emissivity

The development of high-performance infrared stealth materials has been a long-standing goal for scientists. Despite their excellent performance, these materials are challenging to fabricate. In this work, a simple water immerse-stacking assembly process is employed to transform two-dimensional nanofiber membranes into three-dimensional aerogel membranes. Directional freezing from different directions induced varied orientations in the polyimide nanofibers (PINF), leading not only to unique anisotropic microstructures and thermal conductivities but also to synergistic enhancements in thermal insulation and mechanical properties. By vacuum-assisted filtration, MXene is embedded into the PINF membrane, resulting in a low emissivity of 0.283 and strong interlayer bonding of the MXene/PINF aerogel membrane without affecting the high and low-temperature resistance, the tensile strength, and the flexibility. Inspired by the art of origami, two types of MXene/PINF aerogel membrane bags are developed. When using one of the bags to cover an object at 130.2 °C, the thermal radiation temperature decreases to 28.9 °C. This study provides a promising approach for designing flexible, high-strength, and efficient infrared stealth composite materials, paving the way for further research and applications.

Construction of three-dimensional aerogels from electrospun cellulose fibers as highly efficient and reusable oil absorbents

The escalating environmental impact of oil pollution has necessitated the development of efficient and sustainable absorbent materials. Considering the large surface area and good flexibility of electrospun fibers, in this work, we aim to construct three-dimensional interconnected porous structures by using electrospun cellulose fibers as building blocks to allow highly efficient and repeatable oil absorption. Specifically, electrospun cellulose fibers were dispersed in water and assembled by covalently crosslinking, followed by a silanization process to improve the hydrophobicity of the fibrous matrices. The structure and properties of the assembled aerogels were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, water contact angle (WCA) measurement, and compression test. All the aerogels exhibited multiscale morphological structures composed of major pores (up to 20 μm), minor pores (up to 1 μm), and semi-micron scaled fibers as the building blocks, and were capable of absorbing diversified oils and organic solvents owing to their three-dimensional interconnected porous structures (porosity > 93.5 %). In particular, Aerogel 1–1 exhibited exceptional oil absorption capacities (up to 37.82 g/g) and superior reusability as evidenced by the minimal changes in its absorption capacity and compressive strength after 20 absorption-compression cycles. Therefore, this work highlights the potential of the electrospun cellulose fiber-constructed aerogels for efficient oil pollution remediation and industrial wastewater treatment.

Antifungal Hybrid Graphene-Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides Aerogels with an Ionic Liquid Additive as Innovative Absorbers for Preventive Conservation of Cultural Heritage.

The use and integration of novel materials are increasingly becoming vital tools in the field of preventive conservation of cultural heritage. Chemical factors, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), but also environmental factors such as high relative humidity, can lead to degradation, oxidation, yellowing, and fading of the works of art. To prevent these phenomena, highly porous materials have been developed for the absorption of VOCs and for controlling the relative humidity. In this work, graphene and transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) were combined to create three-dimensional aerogels that absorb certain harmful substances. More specifically, the addition of the TMDs molybdenum disulfide and tungsten disulfide in such macrostructures led to the selective absorption of ammonia. Moreover, the addition of the ionic liquid 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride promoted higher rates of VOCs absorption and anti-fungal activity against the fungus Aspergillus niger. These two-dimensional materials outperform benchmark porous absorbers in the absorption of all the examined VOCs, such as ammonia, formic acid, acetic acid, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde. Consequently, they can be used by museums, galleries, or even storage places for the perpetual protection of works of art.

Nanofiber-Reinforced MXene/rGO Composite Aerogel for a High-Performance Piezoresistive Sensor and an All-Solid-State Supercapacitor Electrode Material.

The assembly of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials into a three-dimensional (3D) aerogel can effectively prevent the problem of restacking. Here, nanofiber-reinforced MXene/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) conductive aerogel is prepared via the hydrothermal reduction of GO using pyrrole and in situ composite with MXene. Combined with low-content 2D conductive nanosheets (MXene and rGO) as "brick", conductive polypyrrole as "mortar", and one-dimensional (1D) nanofiber as "rebar", a strong interfacial cross-linking of MXene and rGO nanosheets is realized through covalent and noncovalent bonds to synergistically improve its mechanical performance. Based on the prepared MXene/rGO aerogel, a high-performance piezoresistive sensor with a sensitivity of up to 20.80 kPa-1 in a wide pressure range of 15.6 kPa is obtained, and it can withstand more than 5000 cyclic compressions. Besides, the sensor shows a stable output and can be applied to monitor various human motion signals. In addition, an all-solid-state supercapacitor electrode is also fabricated, which shows a high area-specific capacitance of up to 274 mF/cm2 at a current density of 1 mA/cm2.

Eco-friendly biomass aerogels from moxibustion waste for sustainable remediation of organic contaminants

Powder adsorbents present limited recyclability when used for wastewater treatment. Bulk materials prepared via eco-friendly approaches typically exhibit excellent reproducibility over powders in terms of removing pollutants from aquatic environments. Here, biomass-based aerogels were synthesized via ball milling a mixture of modified moxa ash (a type of moxibustion waste), carbon nanotubes and ammonia, combined with agarose as biomolecule. The obtained aerogels display low density, high porosity, remarkable mechanical properties, and exceptional repeatability and stability for removing organic pollutants. By employing a two-dimensional (2D) aerogel membrane, pollutants such as 10 mg/L mitoxantrone (MTX), 5 mg/L methylene blue, 5 mg/L malachite green, or 5 mg/L rhodamine B could be dynamically adsorbed and swiftly filtered out, achieving nearly 100 % of the removal rate. For three-dimensional (3D) aerogels, efficient removals of MTX (98.4 % at 135 min) and cationic dyes under various conditions were observed, in which the adsorption capacity reached 28.23 mg/g for low concentration of MTX at 120 min. After four cycles, the aerogel still retained 93 % of its original capacity and the removal rate was still 92.4 %. The adsorption process obeys second-order kinetics and adheres to the Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. Furthermore, the primary mechanism by which the aerogels adsorb MTX includes pore filling, electrostatic interactions, π-π conjugation and hydrogen bonding. The adsorption mechanism was better explained by the results of density functional theory. Biomass-based 2D/3D aerogels are promising, low-cost, eco-friendly and highly efficient absorbents for mitigating wastewater contamination.

Biomedical Applications of CNT-Based Fibers.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been regarded as emerging materials in various applications. However, the range of biomedical applications is limited due to the aggregation and potential toxicity of powder-type CNTs. To overcome these issues, techniques to assemble them into various macroscopic structures, such as one-dimensional fibers, two-dimensional films, and three-dimensional aerogels, have been developed. Among them, carbon nanotube fiber (CNTF) is a one-dimensional aggregate of CNTs, which can be used to solve the potential toxicity problem of individual CNTs. Furthermore, since it has unique properties due to the one-dimensional nature of CNTs, CNTF has beneficial potential for biomedical applications. This review summarizes the biomedical applications using CNTF, such as the detection of biomolecules or signals for biosensors, strain sensors for wearable healthcare devices, and tissue engineering for regenerating human tissues. In addition, by considering the challenges and perspectives of CNTF for biomedical applications, the feasibility of CNTF in biomedical applications is discussed.

RGO-BCNT/PANI Three-Dimensional Flexible Aerogel Sponge Electrodes and Electrochemical Performance

Self-supported flexible supercapacitors have promising applications in wearable electronics. The electrode materials, as a crucial component of supercapacitors, have a decisive impact on the energy storage performance of the entire device. Herein, reduced graphene oxide-boron atom doped-carbon nanotubes/polyaniline (rGO-BCNT/PANI) (rBP) three-dimensional (3D) aerogel sponge electrode materials were prepared by a simple ultrasonic self-assembly followed by reduction-induced self-assembly reaction. The rBP aerogel sponge structure not only provided a channel for electrolyte exchange, but also provided enough space for PANI nanoparticles to withstand the volume change during charging and discharging, and inhibited the decomposition of PANI nanoparticles. As a result, the 3D rBP aerogel sponge with 60 mg PANI addition amount (rBP60) exhibited high specific capacitance (695 F·g-1), high power density (675 W·kg-1), and high energy density (60.95 Wh·kg-1) at 0.5 A·g-1 in a three-electrode system. The 3D rBP60 aerogel sponge electrode material can reach 610 F·g-1 at 2 A·g-1, with a retention rate of up to 88% after 2000 cycles. The Coulombic efficiency of the rBP60 aerogel sponge electrode material was close to or equal to 85.5% at different current densities. The 3D rBP aerogel sponge was exceptionally flexible, maintaining its morphology without damage after 100 compression-release cycles.

Materials space-tectonics methodology of conductive mesoporous carbon nanohorns embedded graphene aerogels anchoring Pd nanocrystalline for an efficient ethanol oxidation reaction

Materials space-tectonics (MST) methodology is a powerful strategy to design catalytic materials synthesis to overcome the limitation of monotonous pore geometries and develop functional structures with surface-specific functions. Based on the MST, herein, carbon nanohorns (CNH) as “spacers” inserted into three-dimensional (3D) nitrogen-doped graphene aerogel (NG) anchoring Pd nanocrystalline (Pd/CNH@NG) was constructed through a facile hydrothermal approach and wet chemical reduction method without surfactant and employed as electrocatalyst for ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR). The introduction of CNH can provide important mesopore and macropore characters and generate more active sites to anchor Pd nanocrystalline on the basis of unique internal and interstitial nanopore structures, high surface area and conductive graphitic structure, then enhancing the electrocatalytic efficiency, stability and poison tolerance of catalysts. Meanwhile, the role of CNH doped NG also includes accelerating the reaction of the intermediate (CH3COads) manufactured on the Pd-based aerogels surface with adsorbed hydroxyl (OHads) due to coordination effect from Pyridinic-nitrogen and pyrrolic-nitrogen species. The electrochemical results reveal that the specific and mass activities of the obtained Pd/CNH@NG-2 aerogel (the mass ratio of graphene oxide and CNH is 1:3) are 1.38 and 2.86 times higher than those of the commercial Pd/C for EOR. Simultaneously, the current density of Pd/CNH@NG-2 still maintains 70 % after 500 cycles of complete CV, but commercial Pd/C only maintains 22.6 % of the initial activity. The synthesis of Pd/CNH@NG not only offers a porous three-dimensional aerogel for the EOR but also optimizes a facile strategy to fabricate superior supports for promoting the commercialization of DEFCs.

A vertically aligned anisotropic boron nitride nanosheet (BNNSs)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite aerogel with ultra-low thermal conductivity prepared by the prefreeze-freeze-drying method for efficient thermal management

Thermal management plays a critical role in contemporary engineering and materials science, finding applications in diverse fields such as electronics and aerospace. Three-dimensional (3D) aerogels have gained popularity as a promising alternative to traditional insulation materials due to their high porosity and remarkably low thermal conductivity. In this study, we propose a novel method for fabricating a composite aerogel comprising vertically aligned anisotropic boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) using the prefreeze-freeze-drying technique. The resulting composite aerogel exhibits exceptional thermal insulation properties, characterized by an ultra-low thermal conductivity of 22 mW/mK (transverse) and 71 mW/mK (axial). These values are significantly lower than those of conventional aerogels and most other polymer composites. The anisotropic thermal behavior of the composite aerogel can be attributed to the vertically aligned BNNSs. Additionally, the composite aerogel demonstrates remarkable thermal stability and favorable mechanical properties. It also exhibits excellent electrical insulation and flame retardant properties, along with a unique capacity for heat storage and utilization. Furthermore, outdoor testing reveals that the composite aerogel exhibits a maximum heat storage temperature of 3.8 °C higher than the ambient temperature, thereby showcasing its exceptional thermal insulation performance and distinct capability for heat storage and utilization.

Phase-Engineered VO2 Metal Nanofiber Enables a Metal-Insulator Transition for Bidirectional Thermal Reallocation.

Phase change materials (PCMs) are appealing for their fascinating capability of thermal reallocation, assisting widely in many areas of human productivity and life. However, it has remained a significant challenge to attain shape stability, temperature resistance, and microscale continuity in PCMs while maintaining sufficient phase change performance. Here we report a sol epitaxial fabrication strategy to create metal-insulator transition nanofibers (MIT-NFs) composed of monoclinic vanadium dioxide. The MIT-NFs are further assembled into self-standing two-dimensional membranes and three-dimensional aerogels with structural robustness. The resulting series of metal-insulator transition materials exhibits the integrated features of solid-solid phase change properties, shape stability, and thermal reallocation properties. The integral ceramic characteristic also provides the MIT-NFs with surface stiffness (54 GPa), temperature resistance (-196° to 330 °C), and thermal insulator properties. The successful fabrication of these captivating MIT materials may provide new perspectives for next-generation, shape-stable, and self-standing PCMs.

High-efficient adsorption for versatile adsorbates by elastic reduced graphene oxide/Fe3O4 magnetic aerogels mediated by carbon nanotubes

Fabrication of highly elastic three-dimensional aerogel adsorbents with outstanding adsorption capacities is a long pursuit for the treatment of industrial contaminated water. In this work, a magnetic reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/Fe3O4/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) aerogel material was constructed by the electrostatic attraction between the negatively charged GO and positively charged CNTs following a one-pot water bath treatment. The as-synthesized aerogel demonstrated high compressive stress (28.4 kPa) and lower density (24.11 mg/cm3) with exceptional adsorption capacities for versatile adsorbates which are attributed to CNTs and magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The effect of pH, initial concentration of adsorbates (dyes, Cd (ІІ) ions, organic solvents, and pump oil), content of CNTs and cyclic times on the adsorption capacities of the aerogel were investigated in detail. Furthermore, from simulation, the adsorption kinetics, and thermodynamics of the aerogel for adsorbates were more satisfied by endothermic quasi-second-order kinetic model with characteristic physical adsorption. Thus, the optimized rGO/Fe3O4/CNTs-10 aerogel adsorbent can be used as a powerful and versatile tool to deal with contaminated industrial or domestic wastewater.

Architecture Design of a Bamboo Cellulose/Nb2CTx MXene/ZIF-67-Derived Lightweight Co/Nb2CTx/Carbon Aerogel for Highly Efficient Electromagnetic Wave Absorption, Thermal Insulation, and Flame Retardant

Designing biomass-derived carbon-based lightweight electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers with multiple functions is promising research. However, the design of carbon-based EMW absorbers with multifunctionality for practical application remains a substantial challenge. Herein, a porous architecture engineering strategy was used to prepare a high-performance EMW absorption composite material with thermal insulation and flame-retardant properties The multifunctional Co/Nb2CTx/carbon aerogel with porous architecture composed of a bamboo-derived carbon aerogel, two-dimensional (2D) Nb2CTx, and ZIF-67-derived Co nanoparticles was prepared. Bamboo cellulose and few-layered Nb2CTx MXene constructed the three-dimensional (3D) aerogel architecture, ZIF-67 was then uniformly anchored on the aerogel skeleton through chemical deposition, and the Co/Nb2CTx/carbon aerogel was finally prepared by pyrolysis. The 3D interconnected network heterostructure not only contributes to conduction loss but also prolongs multiple reflection and scattering paths of EMW, which can improve the dielectric loss. Nb2CTx and Co nanoparticles play an important part in modulating the impedance matching and promoting the EMW attenuation ability due to the plenty of dipole/interfacial polarization loss and supplementary magnetic loss. The obtained Co/Nb2CTx/carbon aerogel possesses low density (54.03 mg cm–3) and achieves excellent reflection loss and broad effective absorption bandwidth (−60.25 dB and 4 GHz, respectively) at an ultrathin thickness of 1.67 mm with an ultralow filling content of 10 wt %. The radar cross section (RCS) reduction value can reach 31.24 dB m–2, indicating that the absorber can effectively reduce the probability of the target being detected by the radar detector. The strategy of porous architecture engineering provides guidance for the design of biomass-based electromagnetic wave absorption materials with thermal insulation property and flame-retardant capacity.

Growing nanoparticles to assemble a modern three-dimensional nanoarchitecture of Pt-Ru aerogel for advanced electrocatalysis

Researchers have focused their efforts on the development and application of efficient three-dimensional nanomaterials in the field of sustainable energy. In this paper, a valuable one-step, simple, surfactant-free, and rapid method for forming a platinum-ruthenium aerogel is presented. The three-dimensional aerogel is prepared by reducing platinum and ruthenium ions with NaBH4 followed by supercritical drying. In this work, suitable anisotropic conditions are created by changing the temperature (as a destabilizer) from 298 to 343 K without any chemical compound. The optimum conditions for the gelation time and the type of products obtained are investigated in this study. Based on analysis, a porous three-dimensional framework with extremely low weight (0.021 g.cm−3) and many open pores is constructed. This 3D superstructure is used as a self-supporting nanocatalyst for the dissociation of methanol and shows fantastic efficiency due to the following main factors: (1) the accessibility of fuel molecules to the internal active sites of the engineered aerogel is facilitated by the numerous open pores, and (2) the self-supporting nature of the engineered aerogel ensures a long lifetime due to the absence of carbon corrosion problems. In addition, the presence of Ru not only changes the electronic properties (synergistic effects), but also improves the catalytic efficiency in methanol oxidation.

Review on Multidimensional Adsorbents for CO2 Capture from Ambient Air: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

The urgency of curbing global warming triggered by growing CO2 emissions has generated significant attention. Direct air capture (DAC) is a crucial and feasible technology to cut CO2 emissions at nonpoint sources, therefore achieving negative emissions. Solid porous sorbents have drawn increasing attention for CO2 capture from the atmosphere with ultralow CO2 concentration (ca. 400 ppm). However, most related studies focus on nanoparticle-based adsorbents and their functionalized counterparts, which are more prone to lose weight in the atmosphere. In this context, we summarize nanoparticle composite adsorbents, including zero-dimensional powders, one-dimensional fibers, two-dimensional membranes, and three-dimensional aerogels, and assess the physicochemical properties and typical applications of major types of nanoporous adsorbents in the field of CO2 adsorption and separation with emphasis on DAC. The multidimensions of emerging adsorbents versus CO2 uptake are discussed and compared separately. Combined with recent reported advances, we provide deep insights for the design and synthesis of multifunctional materials for efficient CO2 adsorption. Moreover, life cycle and techno-economic assessments of DAC using different materials are briefly estimated. Finally, challenges and current trends in the DAC system for commercialization have been put forward.

Controllable assembly of three-dimensional porous graphene-Au dual aerogels and its application for high-efficient bioelectrocatalytic O2 reduction

Aerogels derived from the colloidal nanoparticles featured with hierarchical interconnected pore-rich networks guarantee their great potentials in various applications. Herein, the controllable assembly of three-dimensional aerogels based on Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets as building blocks via a bottom-up approach have been systematically clarified. The difference of building blocks and their assembly sequence were crucially to the final aerogel morphologies and electrochemical properties. Specifically, the highly porous graphene-gold dual aerogels (rGO-Au DAGs) with interconnected rGO nanosheets and Au nanowires showed high conductivity, large surface area and good biocompatibility. Thus, it was employed as an excellent matrix to immobilize enzyme for high-efficient bioelectrocatalysis. Taking bilirubin oxidase as an example, a more positive on-set potential (0.60 V) and a larger catalytic current density (0.77 mA cm−2@0.40 V) than those of other rGO-Au assemblies were achieved for direct bioelectrocatalytic O2 reduction. This study will provide an efficient strategy for unique dual-structural aerogels design and shed light to develop new functional materials for bioelectrocatalytic applications such as biosensors and biofuel cells.

Waste hemp-stalk derived nutrient encapsulated aerogels for slow release of fertilizers: A step towards sustainable agriculture

With a renewed focus towards circular economy, a novel eco-friendly aerogel was prepared from waste hemp stalk derived cellulose for sustained release of fertilizers. The approach encompasses replenishment the bio-waste back to the soil with addition of fortifying nutrients. Cellulose was converted to carboxymethyl cellulose (HCMC), which was further cross-linked using a green moiety, citric acid (CA) to a yield a three-dimensional aerogel (HCMC-CA-aero). Chemical, physical and thermal properties of the aerogel were evaluated using FTIR, XRD, TEM, EDS, FESEM and TGA. The HCMC-CA-aero was assessed for its swelling behavior, pH response and fertilizer release mechanism, both in water and soil. The aerogel absorbed 80 g/g water after 27 h at neutral pH exhibiting super-absorbent behavior owing to its highly porous structure, large free volume available amid polymeric chains, occurrence of large number of hydrophilic groups and high flexibility. It also exhibited a sustained release of encapsulated nutrients, urea and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP). The percentage release of nutrients in water after 40 h was 48.4 % and 44.46 % for HCMC-CA-aero@urea and HCMC-CA-aero@ADP, respectively, while in soil it was 62.28 % and 56.62 % after 120 h, unveiling its excellent potential for soil conditioning. The release kinetics for both the fertilizers followed Higuchi model and Fickian diffusion, demonstrating a controlled release of fertilizers governed by dissolution and diffusion. The results indicated that this is an effective approach for agriculture waste management and has great potential in sustained agriculture applications.

3D porous superoleophilic/hydrophobic grapefruit peel aerogel for efficient removal of emulsified-oil from water

Aerogel with ultra-lightweight, special wettability and porous structure played a potential role in the separation of oil layer/water mixture. In this research cost-effective mesoporous three-dimensional (3D) aerogel was designed and fabricated through a simple and green hydrothermal, synthetic method as a sorbent for efficient treatment of emulsified oil. The -prepared grapefruit peel aerogel exhibits mesoporous structures (2–50 nm) with an average pore size/diameter of 10.21 nm, a surface area of 17.31 m2/g and pore volume up to 0.0321 cm3/g. Excellent hydrophobicity of DMS-MGA aerogel with a water contact angle of 143.1° depicting great potential of this material for effective separation of water-oil emulsion. Furthermore, the prepared aerogel displayed excellent regeneration capability of more than 98% after eight cycles of sorption–regeneration. The carbonization process destroyed graphite crystals, and a new peak confirmed the alteration. PDMS raised crystallinity indices to 86%. Raman spectroscopy also revealed two peaks at 1498 and 1588 cm−1 linked with carbon's D and G bands. The effective grafting of dimethyl siloxane on DMS-MGA surface resulted in two new strong bands in the FT-IR spectra at 1254 cm−1 (C-H in Si-CH3) and 796 cm−1 (Si-O). TGA showed that the total carbon output was 28.5%, which is indicative of its good stability at elevated temperatures. DMS-MGA demonstrated near-complete sorption at a neutral pH of 7 of a crude oil-in-water emulsions. After 15 sorption-regeneration cycles, DMS-MGA still had a sorption efficiency of more than 95% despite being in contact with oil, and its anti-compression stability hadn't changed in the slightest.

Fabrication of waste paper/graphene oxide three-dimensional aerogel with dual adsorption capacity toward methylene blue and ciprofloxacin

Fabrication of waste paper/graphene oxide three-dimensional aerogel with dual adsorption capacity toward methylene blue and ciprofloxacin

Graphene-anchored conductive polymer aerogel composite for the electrocatalytic detection of hydrogen peroxide and bisphenol A

An aerogel composite of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) anchored on amine groups of conductive polyterthiophene (p(APT-rGO) aerogel is synthesized for the first time, using a hydrothermal method. The electrocatalytic performance of the composite electrode was explored for bisphenol A (BPA) oxidation and hydrogen peroxide reduction. The surface of catalyst was found to possess numerous active sites owing to exposed edges and large surface area of a three-dimensional aerogel. Additionally, incorporation of rGO into poly(aminopyrimidyl terthiophene) (pAPT) is found to enhance the catalytic performance and stability. The p(APT-rGO) aerogel coated screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) displayed a superior catalytic performance for the BPA detection with two dynamic ranges of 5–500 nM and 1–200 µM with the detection limit of 4.28 ± 0.75 nM. Otherwise, the dynamic ranges of H2O2 detection were 100 nM-100 µM and 200 µM-3 mM with the detection limit of 9.12 ± 1.03 nM. The catalytic active site of the composite aerogel was investigated for BPA oxidation and H2O2 reduction. The proposed sensor demonstrated an excellent analytical performance for the determination of BPA extracted from commercial polycarbonate bottles and trace amounts of H2O2 released from living cells by drug stimulation.