Threat Matrix Research Articles

Emerging Cyber Security Challenges: Implications for Iranian National Security

In the third decade of 21st century, cyber security has become a completely developed national security paradigm like other prominent security paradigms such as physical security, economic security, and food security. Unmatched pace of technological advancements in the fields of Information Technology, Artificial Intelligence, automation, and communication services have transformed key processes of governance, commerce, and trade from physical to cyber space. As human dependence on cyber technologies increased new questions about the prevailing security models has come to the fore during the same time. Concepts like network security, data security or infrastructure security are no longer isolated domains but have transformed as securitization of cyber domain has become an ongoing global phenomenon. This paper focuses on how this transformation of geopolitical conflicts, from physical to cyber arena, is taking place where traditional concepts of conventional war are changing. It also examines how cyber security threat matrix is diametrically different from all prevailing military doctrinal construct? These questions certainly demand a new theoretical framework that can put this rapidly emerging new security paradigm. This study attempts to address this important question as well while taking the international and regional developments with special focus on the emerging cyber security domain in Iran.

Research on the influence of time delay on combat effectiveness of aircraft fleet

Aiming at the influence of time delay on the combat effectiveness of aircraft fleet under the command of airborne warning and control system (AWACS), the process of beyond visual range air combat under the command of AWACS is analyzed, as well as the time delay characteristics in the combat information flow. The air combat situation threat of the aircraft by enemy aircraft is represented by the weighted fusion of the speed threat, angle threat, distance threat, and height threat of the aircraft. The threat matrix is proposed to represent the threat to the whole aircraft fleet. The threat matrix consists of the situational threat between each of our aircraft and each of the enemy aircraft. And the threat matrix of both sides is calculated to obtain the pre-enemy launch probability of both sides. With the two-step adjudication method and capturing the target probability of the missile seeker under the influence of time delay, the probability and number of being destroyed are calculated, as well as the combat effectiveness ratio. The opposing forces of both sides are set, and the calculation results in Matlab are consistent with the actual ones, which verifies the rationality and validity of the model, and can provide a theoretical reference for determining the time accuracy of the air-based network.

PENTINGNYA DIVERSIFIKASI PRODUK PADA PERUSAHAAN

SUPERBLOCK is a business engaged in the paving block industry focusing on paving in Malang City. This study aims to identify internal and external conditions and formulate appropriate business strategies using the QSPM matrix analysis technique. This study uses the Internal External (IE) matrix, the Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat Matrix (SWOT) and the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM). The results of this study are that the internal and external environment in the SUPERBLOCK is strong enough to respond to the opportunities and threats in the SUPERBLOCK. Based on the environmental analysis, a strategy was obtained to create standard operating procedures and improve workflow to improve the quality of SUPERBLOCK operational performance.

REFORMULASI STRATEGI BISNIS

JD.ED Production is a photo and video business from Malang. This research explores the reformulation of the company’s business model and strategies, aimed at identifying the current challenges faced by the company and propose a new business strategy to overcome the problems. Using analyses on the company’s internal and external environment, this research recommends measures to improve their competitiveness in the market. This study uses the Internal-External (IE) matrix; Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat (SWOT) matrix, and Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM). Based on the research results, this study uses QSPM as the tool of analysis to determine business strategies to be recommended. This research finds that market penetration is the appropriate strategy for JD.ED Production, by which the company is suggested to strive for bigger market share and to improve their business through expansion towards better and larger programs.

Technoscience and the modernization of freshwater fisheries assessment and management

Inland fisheries assessment and management are challenging given the inherent complexity of working in diverse habitats (e.g., rivers, lakes, wetlands) that are dynamic on organisms that are often cryptic and where fishers are often highly mobile. Yet, technoscience is offering new tools that have the potential to reimagine how inland fisheries are assessed and managed. So-called “technoscience” refers to instances in which science and technology unfurl together, offering novel ways of spurring and achieving meaningful change. This paper considers the role of technoscience and its potential for modernizing the assessment and management of inland fisheries. It first explores technoscience and its potential benefits, followed by presentation of a series of synopses that explore the application (both successes and challenges) of new technologies such as environmental DNA (eDNA), genomics, electronic tags, drones, phone apps, iEcology, and artificial intelligence to assessment and management. The paper also considers the challenges and barriers that exist in adopting new technologies. The paper concludes with a provocative assessment of the potential of technoscience to reform and modernize inland fisheries assessment and management. Although these tools are increasingly being embraced, there is a lack of platforms for aggregating these data streams and providing managers with actionable information in a timely manner. The ideas presented here should serve as a catalyst for beginning to work collectively and collaboratively towards fisheries assessment and management systems that harness the power of technology and serve to modernize inland fisheries management. Such transformation is urgently needed given the dynamic nature of environmental change, the evolving threat matrix facing inland waters, and the complex behavior of fishers. Quite simply, a dynamic world demands dynamic fisheries management; technoscience has made that within reach. • Assessing and managing freshwater fisheries is challenging. • Technoscience offers opportunities to reimagine fisheries assessment and management. • Methods to aggregate real-time data streams are needed to yield actionable knowledge. • Challenges and barriers exist in adoption of new technologies but they can be overcome. • Dynamic fisheries demand more dynamic real-time assessment & management.

Threat sequencing of multiple UCAVs with incomplete information based on game theory

The threat sequencing of multiple unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAVs) is a multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) problem. In the threat sequencing process of multiple UCAVs, due to the strong confrontation and high dynamics of the air combat environment, the weight coefficients of the threat indicators are usually time-varying. Moreover, the air combat data is difficult to be obtained accurately. In this study, a threat sequencing method of multiple UCAVs is proposed based on game theory by considering the incomplete information. Firstly, a zero-sum game model of decision maker ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathcal{D}$</tex> ) and nature ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathcal{N}$</tex> ) with fuzzy payoffs is established to obtain the uncertain parameters which are the weight coefficient parameters of the threat indicators and the interval parameters of the threat matrix. Then, the established zero-sum game with fuzzy payoffs is transformed into a zero-sum game with crisp payoffs (matrix game) to solve. Moreover, a decision rule is addressed for the threat sequencing problem of multiple UCAVs based on the obtained uncertain parameters. Finally, numerical simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Threat Matrix: A Fast Algorithm for Human–Machine Chinese Ludo Gaming

Chinese Ludo, also known as Aeroplan Chess, has been a very popular board game for several decades. However, there is no mature algorithm existing for human–machine gambling. The major challenge is the high randomness of the dice rolls, where the algorithm must ensure that the machine is smarter than a human in order to guarantee that the owner of the game machines makes a profit. This paper presents a fast Chinese Ludo algorithm (named “Threat Matrix”) that we have recently developed. Unlike from most chess programs, which rely on high performance computing machines, the evaluation function in our program is only a linear sum of four factors. For fast and low-cost computation, we innovatively construct the concept of the threat matrix, by which we can easily obtain the threat between any two dice on any two positions. The threat matrix approach greatly reduces the required amount of calculations, enabling the program to run on a 32-bit 80 × 86 SCM with a 100 MHz CPU while supporting a recursive algorithms to search plies. Statistics compiled from matches against human game players show that our threat matrix has an average win rate of 92% with no time limit, 95% with a time limit of 10 s, and 98% with a time limit of 5 s. Furthermore, the threat matrix can reduce the computation cost by nearly 90% compared to real-time computing; memory consumption drops and is stable, which increases the evaluation speed by 58% compared to real-time computing.

STRATEGI PEMASARAN GUNA MENINGKTKAN DAYA SAING PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 (STUDI KASUS DI TANI JIWO HOSTEL BANJARNEGARA)

The purpose of this study is to find out what marketing strategies are best used by Tani Jiwo Hostel during the Covid-19 pandemic. The management who became the sample in this study amounted to 5 people, while the consumers who were the samples in this study were some visitors within 1 month who had visited Tani Jiwo Hostel. This research uses External Internal Matrix (IE), Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat Matrix (SWOT) and Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM). The IE and SWOT matrices are used to plan alternative strategies, while the QSPM matrix is used to determine priority strategies. The results showed that the strategies that could be applied were market penetration strategies, market development strategies, and product/service development strategies

Community engagement and public education in northwestern part of Bangladesh: A study regarding heritage conservation

Heritage management is important to conserve the identity of history and culture, which can generate economic activity, enhance aesthetics, increase surrounding land value, and transfer knowledge from generation to generation. Bangladesh is a land that belongs to various forms of heritage, and Rajshahi city is not an exception with different cultural and natural heritage. Overpopulation growth, unplanned urbanization, poor infrastructure, and weak urban management are imposing risks on deteriorating heritage in current days. This study was conducted to rummage the involvement of community people in imperishability and management of heritage in the Rajshahi City Corporation of Bangladesh. To fulfill the objectives, 205 individual surveys, 3 Focus Group Discussions, and 10 Key Informant Interviews were conducted to ascertain public engagement and their visualization in respect to predicament of heritage, conservation, and the way for the future. Findings reveal that 95% of respondents thought that all the heritages express the identity of Rajshahi, where around 30% of people identified some heritages as directly or indirectly related to their family. Besides, 56.67% of people strongly expressed their views that they want to conserve their heritage through the development process, while 34.17% usually accept this argument. This research also shows a Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat (SWOT) matrix regarding heritage management, where a priority and decision matrix have been carried out to a certain internal and external factors for heritage conservation. This research thus expected to help different people from government, non-government and local people take action regarding different forms of heritage conservation in Bangladesh.

Building a launchpad for satellite cyber-security research: lessons from 60 years of spaceflight

Abstract As the space industry approaches a period of rapid change, securing both emerging and legacy satellite missions will become vital. However, space technology has been largely overlooked by the systems security community. This survey seeks to understand why this is the case and to offer a starting point for technical security researchers seeking impactful contributions beyond the Earth’s mesosphere. The paper begins with a cross-disciplinary synthesis of relevant threat models from a diverse array of fields, ranging from legal and policy studies to aerospace engineering. This is presented as a “threat matrix toolbox,” which security researchers may leverage to motivate technical research into given attack vectors and defenses. We derive this model from an original chronology of &amp;gt; 100 significant satellite hacking incidents spanning the previous 60 years. Together, these are used to assess the state-of-the-art in satellite security across four sub-domains: satellite radio-link security, space hardware security, ground station security, and operational/mission security. In each area, we note significant findings and unresolved questions which the systems security community is aptly poised to tackle. By consolidating this research, we present the case that satellite systems security researchers can build on strong, but disparate, academic foundations and rise to meet an urgent need for future space missions.

Enablers and barriers to implementation of circular economy in solid waste valorization: The case of urban markets in Anambra, Southeast Nigeria

The circular economy (CE) is one of the most recent approaches being adopted around the world to tackle waste management issues. Recent research efforts have shown that developed locations of the world are at the forefront in adopting and implementing the circularity model, while it is entirely a new concept to most of the low and middle-income countries. The current work studies solid waste management practices in urban markets in Anambra State, south-east Nigeria with the motive to critically analyze the enablers and barriers to the CE introduction in the sector. Data supporting the analysis were collected through interviews, documented evidence (literature), and participatory field observation. The analysis of the data conducted with the strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat (SWOT) matrix analysis supplemented by grounded analysis, rightly shows that informal recycling/resource recovery activities, waste management policies, and functional institutions are in place in the markets, thereby likely to serve as internal enablers to the implementation of the CE in the markets. The absence of state-of-the-art waste disposal facilities such as engineered landfills, incinerators, and anaerobic digestions plants are external barriers to optimal implementation of CE in the urban markets. The current study, however, makes further recommendations on the way forward.

An Attack Vector Taxonomy for Mobile Telephony Security Vulnerabilities

A simplified cybersecurity threat matrix may provide a unifying way to define the security risk posed by current and future generations of mobile telephony.

Constraints and opportunities facing construction organization in post-conflict condition in Afghanistan

Purpose Although there are many challenges and constraints for construction organization operation and performance in a post-conflict condition, there is insufficient construction project management literature. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to identify a framework to understand and determine critical constraints and opportunities in a post-conflict condition facing local construction firms in Afghanistan. The proposed framework is composed of three major steps: identify and determine key performance indicators; identify challenges impacting organization operation and performance in post-conflict condition; determine critical constraints and opportunities based on prioritized performance measures; and organizational strength and weakness factors. Design/methodology/approach The strength, weakness, opportunities and threat matrix analysis has been used to determine post-conflict condition constraints and opportunities. Then the analytical hierarchy process has been used to prioritize the measures and identify the constraints and opportunities facing construction companies in a post-conflict situation. The mix-research method is applied to this study to analyse qualitative variables and quantitative variables obtained from the experts’ opinions and 51 filled questioners. Findings The study shows that there are a total of 11 critical constraints and three essential opportunities for construction companies that industry practitioners and policymakers should take into account while formulating the organizational strategy. Practical implications The developed framework will benefit construction companies in improving their performance and operation in after-conflict conditions. Originality/value This paper is the first to provide a comprehensive conceptualization of the challenges and constraints for construction organization operation and performance in a post-conflict condition. It also offers a novel conceptual framework to understand and determine critical constraints and opportunities in a post-conflict condition facing local construction firms in Afghanistan.

Analisis Strategi Pengembangan Bisnis PT. TAF (Toyota Astra Financial Services)

PT.TAF is one of financial company in Indonesia. The business model that has been implemented so far is highly dependent on dealer as business partner. In 2017 and 2018, the company suffered quite a lot of losses that caused of high Non Performing Loan (NPL). This is caused by decrease in existing consumer’s segment so the profit of company decrease more than 80 percent. There were management and organization structure changes in 2018, which lead to the expectation of company’s performance improvement. Therefore, new strategy is needed to enhance company’s performance. Interviews were conducted with interviewess (Director, General Manager, Department Head) selected by purposive sampling to identify company’s internal and external strategic issues. The Internal Factor Evaluation matrix (IFE) and External Factor Evaluation matrix (EFE) are used to evaluate company’s internal and external conditions. Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threat (SWOT) matrix is used to find alternative strategies to improve company performance. And then the alternative strategies are selected to find the priority using Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM). There are 6 alternative strategies to improve company performance and from those strategies, two strategies were choosen as main priority that will be executed by the company. The two strategies are create application (digitizing)information, simulations, credit applications for consumer and dealer also increase spred (profit margin) of consumers who will pay off or have paid off (good credit history) with non retail financing program.

Incorporating Indo-Pacific and the Quadrilateral into India’s strategic outlook

ABSTRACTChina’s unprecedented economic rise and its growing military profile have transformed the threat matrix for India. China is challenging India’s interests in its immediate neighbourhood in multiple ways. Managing strategic challenge from China, therefore, has become a topmost foreign policy priority for India. The article argues that given the structural constraints of New Delhi-Beijing rapprochement, there is an urgent need for India to step up quadrilateral security cooperation with the U.S., Japan and Australia. The revival of the Quad reflects this growing consensus. However, India’s hedging approach – simultaneously balancing and engaging with China – may be politically expedient in the short run, but not without long-term adverse consequences.

Community engaged breast cancer screening program in Kannur District, Kerala, India: A ray of hope for early diagnosis and treatment.

Community based programs can assist in early detection and improved survival of breast cancer. To assess the feasibility and explore challenges of a district-wide door-to-door breast cancer screening program "ASWAS" conducted in Kannur district, Kerala, India from 2011 to 2014. METHODS: Aggregate data from survey records were collected in terms of the population screened, referred, diagnosed, and treated. Case records of breast cancer patients who were identified were reviewed and updated. In-depth interviews were conducted with program stakeholders. The contents of the interview were organized into a strength, weakness, opportunity and threat (SWOT) matrix to describe the screening program. A total of 1,049,410 eligible women above 30 years residing in 81 panchayats were visited door-to-door by 8,200 community volunteers; of them, 93% were screened using a symptom-risk factor checklist. Of those referred with symptoms (n = 5353), 81% attended the cancer camp. In total, 23 breast cancer cases were confirmed. 14 (61%) were in early stages, treated, and are disease free at 3-year follow-up. Those in the advanced stage and old age had poor outcomes. SWOT analysis identified political support, female volunteers, community engagement, dedicated fund for treatment, and teamwork as strengths. Weaknesses included poor healthcare access, maintaining volunteer motivation, and issues around sustainability. Community participation with the engagement of the health system and local self-government are required for implementing a comprehensive cancer screening strategy. Breast-cancer screening program using local volunteers for early detection is feasible in low-income settings, thereby improving survival.

Introduction: The new threat matrix

Scientists from the Manhattan Project launched the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists in 1945 to focus world attention on a new technology that posed a truly existential threat to humanity. In the w...

СИСТЕМА УПРАВЛЕНИЯ РИСКАМИ КАК ОСНОВА ФИНАНСОВОЙ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ АПК РТ)

The process of assessing the financial stability of an agricultural enterprise and the possible introduction of elements of a risk management system is illustrated by the example of the agricultural organization JSC “Alabuga Sote” (the Republic of Tatarstan). In order to consider the financial stability of the enterprise, the following indicators were calculated: absolute liquidity ratio, current liquidity ratio, profitability on equity and profitability of sales. Based on these calculations, the company’s financial stability was assessed and possible measures were proposed to improve it. In addition to quantitative methods for assessing financial sustainability (calculations), there are also qualitative methods that are aimed at previously forecasting company risks such as SWOT analysis, PEST analysis, active monitoring of threat, threat matrix generation, Michael Porter model, mathematical modeling, construction of scenarios, the involvement of expert opinion and so on. The development and implementation of a risk management system is one of the most important directions for the development of the enterprise (including the agro-industrial complex). This mechanism is able to provide both financial stability and investment attractiveness of the organization.

Application of the threat matrix to improving the efficiency of risk assessments for the integrity management of subsea pipeline systems

Application of the threat matrix to improving the efficiency of risk assessments for the integrity management of subsea pipeline systems

Breaking bad? In search of a (softer) systems view of security ergonomics

A series of terrorist attacks in late 2014 and early 2015 prompted the head of the UK’s Security Service to comment on the need to improve the information flows available to the service in order to deal with the emerging task demands that it faces. The comments highlighted the tensions that have been created in the post-Snowden revelations around domestic surveillance and intelligence gathering and these concerns span both public and private sector organisations. The intervention by the head of MI5 raises a series of questions about the design of security organisations and their function, and does so within a wider systems context, where changes in the environment require corresponding changes in the core processes and functions of the organisation. This is a central domain of security ergonomics and the manner in which an organisation can frame its response to an ever more complex threat matrix is the main purpose of this article. The question becomes one of how one might ‘design’ such a high performing organisation and especially one that can satisfy the zero-failure mandate that is often required of the security function. The argument presented here is that those organisations that see security as a ‘bolt-on’ function to existing organisational activities will invariably fail to capture the wider strategic dynamics of threat-response interactions and, more significantly, the role that other organisational activities can play in shaping that process. This article approaches the question from the perspective of two related bodies of research – Soft Systems Methodology and Ergonomics/Human Factors.