Art Thou Research Articles

Emotional and Social Signals: A Neglected Frontier in Multimedia Computing?

The role of emotional and social signals in multimedia has not been a core concern of the multimedia research community--an omission explored at the 22nd ACM International Conference on Multimedia during a panel titled, Emotional and Social Signals in Multimedia: Where Art Thou? The panel discussion revealed major gaps in the formulation, understanding, and application of emotional and social signal processing in the multimedia domain. Here, the authors review the challenges in bringing this new domain to multimedia, summarizing current feelings in the research community based on discussions during the panel.

The Factory Exile: Ellen Johnston’s Autobiography, Poems and Songs

Old Scotland shall feel proud ere long, When time your worth unfurl, That she you crowned the of Was but a Factory Ellen Johnston, An Address to my Brother Bards (ll. 45-48) (1) Thou lovely verdant Factory! What binds my heart to thee? Why art thou centered in my soul, twined round my memory? Why dost thou hover o'er my dreams my slumbers to beguile? When falsehood of the deepest dye has doomed me an Ellen Johnston, The Factory Exile (ll. 1-4) As of thirty years ago, the works of nineteenth-century Scottish factory worker and poet Ellen Johnston, known to her readers as The Factory Girl and the Queen of Song, had all but disappeared. Thankfully, though, scholars dedicated to reclaiming the historical and literary legacy of working-class writers have reintroduced Johnston and a handful of her literary peers into Romantic and Victorian studies. Selections of her work now can be found in anthologies, online archives and databases, and collections of autobiographies; in addition, she has been the subject of a Dictionary of Literary Biography entry, an Oxford Dictionary of National Biography entry, and one scholarly monograph. (2) In 2007, the US-based Kessinger Publishing, through their Legacy Reprint Series, made available a facsimile reprint of the 1867 first edition of Johnston's only volume Autobiography, Poems and Songs. Johnston's work has been received primarily in socio-historical terms, delving into the ways in which she enriches our understanding of nineteenth-century working-class life and writing. Studies devoted to Johnston address similar concerns: discourses of gender and class, domesticity, dialect writing, recovery work, periodical publication, working-class literary expression, autobiography. (3) Thus, Johnston's poetry has been revived in valuable ways, to be sure, but in nonetheless limited ways. As a power-loom weaver turned published poet, Johnston wrote of subjects ranging beyond the obvious ones open to The Factory Girl. Uniquely possessed of the necessary bona fides to speak to her fellow workers in the pages of the Penny Post, she wrote about the pains and glories of mid-century working-class life: finding and securing work, making a life in the cities, struggling for acknowledgment as a laborer and credibility as a writer. At the same time, she also wrote of things familiar to many: raising children, falling in love, losing a loved one, strength in the face of defeat and despair. But for the Factory Girl, becoming the Queen of Song by engaging with the literary world was a risky act, one with the potential to harm her when others sought retribution not for what she wrote, but for her writing at all. Her poetic persona, shaped by being The Factory Girl and The of Song, is equally shaped by her experiences as The Factory Exile. As a victim of sexual abuse at the hands of her stepfather, the mother of an illegitimate daughter, and a factory-girl turned poet, Johnston found herself exiled, sometimes violently, from numerous communities. She was sent out to factory service at age ten in an attempt to curb what her stepfather in particular viewed as her slipshod, dreamy, bookish ways. Following the birth of her daughter, Mary Achenvole, she found herself abandoned not only by the child's father, but also by her family members. Jealous fellow factory workers physically assaulted her in retribution for what they considered her pretensions to artistic creation and intellectual pursuits. Her lack of formal education and vernacular voice disqualified her from serious consideration within the literary world. Consequently, Johnston's exilic experiences function on numerous levels: professional, personal, and artistic. But there is another aspect to Johnston's exile, one that this essay seeks to remedy. Like that of so many of her working-class peers, Johnston's poetry still suffers from a marginalized existence in literary criticism and nineteenth-century scholarship. …

Mediapolis, where art thou? Mediated cosmopolitanism in three media systems between 2002 and 2010

This article addresses the extent to which cosmopolitan dispositions are cultivated in news consumption, and how this relationship differs between three media systems and over time (2002–2010). It is based on a study using European Social Survey-data covering 14 European countries and over 70,000 respondents in search of a media culture that fosters cosmopolitan sensibilities among citizens – what Roger Silverstone referred to as the ‘mediapolis’. The study contributes to contemporary debates on the conditions under which cosmopolitan dispositions are cultivated since the results put into question the assumption of a ‘mediated cosmopolitanism’, existing on the level of mass mediation across various media systems. This challenge suggests that the ‘mediapolis’ is more of a normative category than an empirical one, and that the theorizing on the relationship between media and cosmopolitanism is in need of recalibration.

Corrigendum: Frontal eye field, where art thou? Anatomy, function, and non-invasive manipulation of frontal regions involved in eye movements and associated cognitive operations

The planning, control and execution of eye movements in 3D space relies on a distributed system of cortical and subcortical brain regions. Within this network, the Eye Fields have been described in animals as cortical regions in which electrical stimulation is able to trigger eye movements and influence their latency or accuracy. This review focuses on the Frontal Eye Field (FEF) a "hub" region located in Humans in the vicinity of the pre-central sulcus and the dorsal-most portion of the superior frontal sulcus. The straightforward localization of the FEF through electrical stimulation in animals is difficult to translate to the healthy human brain, particularly with non-invasive neuroimaging techniques. Hence, in the first part of this review, we describe attempts made to characterize the anatomical localization of this area in the human brain. The outcome of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), Magneto-encephalography (MEG) and particularly, non-invasive mapping methods such a Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) are described and the variability of FEF localization across individuals and mapping techniques are discussed. In the second part of this review, we will address the role of the FEF. We explore its involvement both in the physiology of fixation, saccade, pursuit, and vergence movements and in associated cognitive processes such as attentional orienting, visual awareness and perceptual modulation. Finally in the third part, we review recent evidence suggesting the high level of malleability and plasticity of these regions and associated networks to non-invasive stimulation. The exploratory, diagnostic, and therapeutic interest of such interventions for the modulation and improvement of perception in 3D space are discussed.

“O, Tom Thumb! Tom Thumb! Wherefore art thou Tom Thumb?”: Early Modern Drama and the Eighteenth-century Writer – Henry Fielding and Fanny Burney

An essay is presented on modern drama. It focuses in the theatrical interpretations, reflections in the fascination for Shakespeare drama, and significance and growing series of writing in critical publications. Also discussed the eighteenth-century cultural fascination in producing national poet, restoration of traditions of dramatic literature in modern age, and early modern dramatists.

Bakhtinian Carnivalesque in Baz Luhrmann's WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE’S ROMEO+JULIET

In an essay titled “DiCaprio, DiCaprio, Wherefore Art Thou, DiCaprio?” Phillipa Hawker has drawn attention, in Baz Luhrmann's 1996 postmodern film adaptation of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, to t...

Oh sister, where art thou? Spatial population structure and the evolution of an altruistic defence trait.

The evolution of parasite virulence and host defences is affected by population structure. This effect has been confirmed in studies focusing on large spatial scales, whereas the importance of local structure is not well understood. Slavemaking ants are social parasites that exploit workers of another species to rear their offspring. Enslaved workers of the host species Temnothorax longispinosus have been found to exhibit an effective post-enslavement defence behaviour: enslaved workers were observed killing a large proportion of the parasites' offspring. As enslaved workers do not reproduce, they gain no direct fitness benefit from this 'rebellion' behaviour. However, there may be an indirect benefit: neighbouring host nests that are related to 'rebel' nests can benefit from a reduced raiding pressure, as a result of the reduction in parasite nest size due to the enslaved workers' killing behaviour. We use a simple mathematical model to examine whether the small-scale population structure of the host species could explain the evolution of this potentially altruistic defence trait against slavemaking ants. We find that this is the case if enslaved host workers are related to nearby host nests. In a population genetic study, we confirm that enslaved workers are, indeed, more closely related to host nests within the raiding range of their resident slavemaker nest, than to host nests outside the raiding range. This small-scale population structure seems to be a result of polydomy (e.g. the occupation of several nests in close proximity by a single colony) and could have enabled the evolution of 'rebellion' by kin selection.

O father where art thou? Paternity analyses in a natural population of the haploid-diploid seaweed Chondrus crispus.

The link between life history traits and mating systems in diploid organisms has been extensively addressed in the literature, whereas the degree of selfing and/or inbreeding in natural populations of haploid-diploid organisms, in which haploid gametophytes alternate with diploid sporophytes, has been rarely measured. Dioecy has often been used as a proxy for the mating system in these organisms. Yet, dioecy does not prevent the fusion of gametes from male and female gametophytes originating from the same sporophyte. This is likely a common occurrence when spores from the same parent are dispersed in clumps and recruit together. This pattern of clumped spore dispersal has been hypothesized to explain significant heterozygote deficiency in the dioecious haploid-diploid seaweed Chondrus crispus. Fronds and cystocarps (structures in which zygotes are mitotically amplified) were sampled in two 25 m(2) plots located within a high and a low intertidal zone and genotyped at 5 polymorphic microsatellite loci in order to explore the mating system directly using paternity analyses. Multiple males sired cystocarps on each female, but only one of the 423 paternal genotypes corresponded to a field-sampled gametophyte. Nevertheless, larger kinship coefficients were detected between males siring cystocarps on the same female in comparison with males in the entire population, confirming restricted spermatial and clumped spore dispersal. Such dispersal mechanisms may be a mode of reproductive assurance due to nonmotile gametes associated with putatively reduced effects of inbreeding depression because of the free-living haploid stage in C. crispus.

Frontal eye field, where art thou? Anatomy, function, and non-invasive manipulation of frontal regions involved in eye movements and associated cognitive operations.

The planning, control and execution of eye movements in 3D space relies on a distributed system of cortical and subcortical brain regions. Within this network, the Eye Fields have been described in animals as cortical regions in which electrical stimulation is able to trigger eye movements and influence their latency or accuracy. This review focuses on the Frontal Eye Field (FEF) a “hub” region located in Humans in the vicinity of the pre-central sulcus and the dorsal-most portion of the superior frontal sulcus. The straightforward localization of the FEF through electrical stimulation in animals is difficult to translate to the healthy human brain, particularly with non-invasive neuroimaging techniques. Hence, in the first part of this review, we describe attempts made to characterize the anatomical localization of this area in the human brain. The outcome of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), Magneto-encephalography (MEG) and particularly, non-invasive mapping methods such a Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) are described and the variability of FEF localization across individuals and mapping techniques are discussed. In the second part of this review, we will address the role of the FEF. We explore its involvement both in the physiology of fixation, saccade, pursuit, and vergence movements and in associated cognitive processes such as attentional orienting, visual awareness and perceptual modulation. Finally in the third part, we review recent evidence suggesting the high level of malleability and plasticity of these regions and associated networks to non-invasive stimulation. The exploratory, diagnostic, and therapeutic interest of such interventions for the modulation and improvement of perception in 3D space are discussed.

Blessed art thou among women: male nursing students and gender inequalities in Chile

BackgroundThe evolution of nursing education into an academic curriculum and the growing interest of men in nursing have been significant landmarks in the development of a ‘female’ occupation. Chilean nursing is considered as the leading example of nursing education in Latin America, demanding a five-year training on a full-time university programme. The consequences of education, however, are assumed as more egalitarian opportunities, disregarding the latent replication of structures that perpetuate inequalities. ObjectiveTo comprehend the socialisation of male nursing students and its relation with their masculine identity and the construction of inequalities in nursing education. MethodsWe draw upon interviews undertaken with beginner and advanced nursing students from a Chilean university. Approval was obtained from the relevant Ethics Committee. The data were organised to allow the development of concepts by using the Grounded Theory approach. ResultsThe analysis uncovers paradoxical results of nursing education and its ineffectiveness in preventing gender-based inequalities. The interest in empowering nursing politically may lead to favour an increasing number of men entering nursing in ways that facilitate male students' progress. Furthermore, there exist discourses of compassion that feed consideration for male students, engendering in the process the prospect of professional success and the gravitation into strategic positions in the employment market. These are mechanisms that reproduce earlier gender-based inequalities in nursing. ConclusionsIn the light of the social reproduction theory, the academisation of Chilean nursing seems to be built upon historical gender asymmetries. Although the interest of men in embracing a career in nursing may have a meaningful resonance with the transformation of contemporary society, this process needs a judicious examination in order to protect academic integrity and, ultimately, prevent the reproduction of those inequalities in question. This analysis offers a perspective for understanding social patterns embedded in the practice of nursing education in Chile and elsewhere.

Timothy Saunders, Charles Martindale, Ralph Pite, and Mathilde Skoie Romans and RomanticsRomans and Romantics. Edited by Timothy Saunders, Charles Martindale, Ralph Pite, and Mathilde Skoie. Classical Presences. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. Pp. vi+431.

<i>Timothy Saunders, Charles Martindale, Ralph Pite,</i> and <i>Mathilde Skoie</i> Romans and Romantics<i>Romans and Romantics</i>. Edited by Timothy Saunders, Charles Martindale, Ralph Pite, and Mathilde Skoie. Classical Presences. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. Pp. vi+431.

Evidence-Based Classroom and Behaviour Management Content in Australian Pre-service Primary Teachers' Coursework: Wherefore Art Thou?

Abstract: Beginning teachers often report feeling less than adequately prepared by their teacher education programs in the area of classroom and behaviour management (CBM). This article reports the prevalence of evidence-based practices in the coursework content on offer in Australian undergraduate primary teacher education programs. First a set of CBM practices supported by empirical research was established. Models of CBM in CBM courses and prescribed texts were then examined for the inclusion of these practices. We found that evidence-based practices in CBM were not commonly included in either models of CBM covered in courses, or in the prescribed texts used to support courses. The implications of this phenomenon on beginning teachers’ knowledge and confidence in CBM are discussed. Beginning teachers, locally and elsewhere, have long complained about the inadequacy of their pre-service preparation in the area of classroom and behaviour management (CBM) (Atici, 2007; Department of Education, Science & Training, 2006; Veenman, 1984), and it is one of the top two concerns of beginning teachers in Australia (Australian Education Union, 2009). A recent survey of Australian first-year -out primary teachers found that they felt only somewhat prepared to manage a range of problematic student behaviours based on their pre-service teacher coursework preparation (O’Neill & Stephenson, 2013). This dissatisfaction is supported by findings from the

HAPPINESS AND THE RESTLESS HEART: AN AUGUSTINIAN CONFESSION

AbstractSaint Augustine opens his Confessions with the words “Great art thou, O Lord, and greatly to be praised; great is thy power, and of thy wisdom there is no number. . . . this tiny part of all that Thou hast created desires to praise Thee. Thou dost so excite him that to praise Thee is his joy. For Thou hast made us for Thyself and our hearts are restless until they rest in Thee.” The author discovered these words, in the translation of Frank Sheed (New York: Sheed &amp; Ward, 1943), at a young age, and the concluding line in particular, “For Thou hast made us for Thyself and our hearts are restless until they rest in Thee,” has occasioned continual return and reflection. In this article, the author investigates the meaning of this line in its context, following the phrase “to praise Thee is his joy.” Adopting a generous construal of his own experience with the text, the author examines some of the ways in which a person who wishes to be a Christian thinks about the elusive yet all-important dimension of human existence called happiness or joy.

If I Had Possession over Judgment Day: Augmenting Robert Johnson

If I Had Possession over Judgment Day: Augmenting Robert Johnson

Where for Art Thou? Transient Sex Offenders and Residence Restrictions

The purpose of this study was to better understand transient (homeless) sex offenders in the context of residence restriction laws. Using the entire population of registered sex offenders (RSOs) living in the community in Florida ( n = 23,523), transients were compared with other sex offenders on relevant demographics, risk factors, county characteristics, and residence restriction variables. Significantly higher proportions of transient sex offenders were found in counties with a larger number of local-level restrictions, vast territory covered by these laws, wide-distance buffer zones, higher population density, and expensive housing costs. Sex offenders were more likely than the general population to become homeless. Transients were more likely than non-transients to have a history of registry violation. Few transients absconded, but when they did, they were more likely to abscond from registration than probation. When implementing sex offender management policies, lawmakers should consider transience as an unintended negative consequence.

Crime, Justice, and Inequality: Oh Canada, Where Art Thou?

Since Canada’s colonial beginnings, it has become increasingly riddled with classism, racism, sexism, and other damaging outcomes of structured social inequality. In 2006, however, many types of social injustice were turbo-charged under the federal leadership of the Harper government. For example, a recent southern Ontario study shows that less than half of working people between the ages of 25 and 65 have full-time jobs with benefits. The main objective of this paper is to critique the dominant Canadian political economic order and the pain and suffering it has caused for millions of people. Informed by left realism and other progressive ways of knowing, I also suggest some ways of turning the tide.

Revisiting ‘Tintern Abbey’: The Challenge of the Familiar

How very familiar Wordsworth’s ‘Tintern Abbey’ is. So much so that we might detect in the poem’s opening phrases a hint of laboriousness, even of potential tedium: ‘Five years have passed; five summers, with the length / Of five long winters! and again I hear / These waters . . . ’ (my italics). The poet insists that he is indeed going through it all yet again: ‘Once again / Do I behold these steep and lofty cliffs’; ‘I again repose / Here’; ‘Once again I see / These hedge-rows . . . ’. There is of course always danger in repetition – ‘That strain again!’ can easily turn into ‘Enough, no more!’ – but there is the potential presence of elegy too: ‘Yet once more, O ye Laurels, and once more / Ye Myrtles brown . . . ’ Such are the temporal repetitions against which elegy measures its losses, its failures to return. Human returns perhaps inevitably have elegiac potential, if only by setting Nature’s reassuring resumptions (where ‘chearful Fields resume their green Attire’) in sad contrast to the moment when there is no return (‘One morn I miss’d him on the custom’d hill’). Repetitions (sometimes a sad refrain) can suggest how Time takes its toll. Each new arrival will bring a parting. To catch these hints of the elegiac and melancholy at the beginning of ‘Tintern Abbey’ suggests how Wordsworth’s poem appears to short-circuit elegy by asserting its spiritual consolation after only thirty lines. The ‘tranquil restoration’ –what elegy may move toward, or hope to glimpse – is already reassuringly there in line 31. The communal, or communing, ending of the poem in the spiritual companionship of Dorothy acts as an affirmation of what has been a silent presence throughout, a constant support to balance the ‘presence that disturbs’, confirming that the domestic and familiar are comfortably in place alongside the sublime and mystical (‘For thou art with me, here’). As a poem of revisiting, ‘Tintern Abbey’ reclaims the ‘here’, not simply in terms of location but also as a direction, emphasised by its repeated pull of here, this and these. The underlying idea is of noticing what is at hand, with the reassurance that whatever distant journeys of mind or body are made, whatever absences may intervene, there is always something familial within reach. I want briefly to visit the poem yet again from the point of view of such familiarities, and consider what the implications of these might be for readers and critics. Are we in danger of simply reinforcing the poem’s familiar resonances, sanctioning its faith, hope, and charity, or conversely of feeling the need to pull the anchor away and disrupt them? Perhaps in the poem’s very acknowledgment of the familiar lies a complicating factor about the nature of

External Validity, Why Art Thou Externally Valid? Recent Studies of Attraction Provide Three Theoretical Answers

AbstractSome studies have better external validity than others, but why? Recent studies in the domain of interpersonal attraction have been tackling this question by documenting how people respond differently to hypothetical versus live interactions. In live interactions, people tend to report their experienced emotions, they evaluate others using a low‐level concrete construal, and they attempt to implement the goal of having a pleasant interaction. In hypothetical scenarios, people forecast their emotions, they evaluate others using a high‐level abstract construal, and they deliberate about others' positive and negative features. By situating the hypothetical versus live interaction distinction within the framework of strong preexisting theories (i.e., affective forecasting, construal‐level theory, mindset theory), this research reinforces the idea that there is nothing inherently invalid about laboratory studies that are cosmetically dissimilar from real life. Nevertheless, it remains highly problematic to generalize findings to a setting that elicits a countervailing set of psychological processes.

OH electron, where art thou?

The study of the reaction of a ground-state O atom with H2 has previously proved difficult because of its high activation barrier. Now, new experiments have revealed unexpected OH product states; but perhaps there is a simple explanation?

Doctor, Where Art Thou?

DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2012.48.2059 The inbox of my work e-mail was neatly organized into folders—an attempt to keep some semblance of control over my life as a hematology-oncology fellow in a busy academic medical center. Recently, with my training near its end and with the knowledge that I would be leaving the university, I decided to clean out the thousands of emails I had accumulated. At first, I found this easy, clicking the “Delete” button again and again with a growing sense of satisfaction and accomplishment...until I reached the “Patient e-mails” folder. I found myself staring at hundreds of e-mails with familiar names. No different than tombstones at a cemetery, these e-mails were neatly lined up, organized by date and a few subject words. I clicked the “From” button, rearranging the e-mails by sender, and suddenly, the stories returned. KV (cholangiocarcinoma): questions about pain, diarrhea, shingles, mouth sores, Ativan; then silence. BD (pancreatic cancer): e-mails about nausea, weight loss, rearranging Monday’s chemotherapy appointment, lab results, fatigue; silence. EH (lung cancer): an inquiry about an appointment time, an episode of confusion, a fall, pain, hospitalization; silence. MP (renal cell carcinoma): low blood counts, a note of thanks, a Happy New Year greeting, a request for a second opinion, pain; silence. What happened in the space of those silences? I realized that, for the most part, I never kept in touch with my patients once chemotherapy stopped working, instead handing off care responsibility to my hospice and palliative care colleagues. As I read through those e-mails and recalled my relationships with those patients, I wondered if this well-meaning transition, although in many ways appropriate, should be reexamined for its effects on patients, doctors, and the doctor-patient relationship. My eyes returned to two particular patients— L.B. and M.M.—and I couldn’t help but smile but thinking about them. L.B. was a bright, well-respected physician with a horrible cancer. He came to our hospital for a second opinion and stayed under our care as we enrolled him onto a clinical trial. It was the first time I had taken care of another physician for an extended period of time, and I got to know L.B. well. I met his family and talked to him about his practice and the challenges of transitioning away from it prematurely. I fielded many of his calls and e-mails, and he was kind enough to allow me to be his primary oncologist. In return, I allowed him as much control as possible in his care. L.B. did well at first, with the tumor shrinking and pain abating, which allowed him to travel. He continued to chair national meetings and to bring gifts of fruit baskets for all of us in the clinic. But inevitably, as he and I had known from the start would happen, his cancer began to grow once again, and soon a permanent abdominal drain was required. A new course of chemotherapy was useless and then came weight loss, fatigue, thrush, blood clots, and pain. We met and spoke about hospice. He agreed that it was time, and we made a referral. He jokingly said that he would not bother me so much anymore, because the hospice doctor would take over. That was the last time we spoke until I received an e-mail from his wife informing me of his death at home, followed several weeks later by a card from his family thanking me for his care. At the same time, I was taking care of M.M., a recently retired school teacher, avid golfer, fisherman, and tennis player. His cancer, originally diagnosed as localized and treated with liver surgery, had returned and was no longer curable. M.M. was stoic, calm, and accepting of his diagnosis. His wife was obviously in love with M.M. and shocked and confused about their new predicament. She told me during our first meeting that they were looking for a doctor who would be with them “throughout his illness,” until the end. I promised that I would do just that. And indeed I watched him go through months of chemotherapy as well as yoga, acupuncture, daily tennis, and numerous fishing trips (we joked that he fished more in one year than most people do in a lifetime). Eventually, his cancer, too, progressed. As I was trying to manage M.M.’s pain and arrange for initiation of palliative radiation, I left for vacation. On my return, I found that M.M. had been referred to palliative care by one of our nurses and JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY A R T O F O N C O L O G Y VOLUME 31 NUMBER 12 APRIL 2