Thoracic Circumference Research Articles

Jeune syndrome in a pediatric patient: A clinical case report

Jeune syndrome is a low frequency, autosomal recessive and potentially life-threatening skeletal dysplasia. From a clinical perspective, it has a wide variety of manifestations; however, it is commonly characterized by a narrow thorax; secondary pulmonary hypoplasia; brachymelia; and pelvic, cardiac and renal abnormalities. Lung involvement is variable and may be lethal. The diagnosis may be suspected prenatally through an ultrasonography, by measuring the thoracic and rib cage circumference, and studying the relation between them and with the abdominal circumference. This article describes the clinical case of a 3-month-old female patient with a mild disease presentation and postnatal diagnosis.

Effect of Posterior-Anterior Mobilization of the Thoracic Spine on Pain, Respiratory Function, and Thoracic Circumference in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain

Background: Posterior-anterior (PA) vertebral mobilization, a manual therapy technique has been used for relieving pain or stiffness treating in...

Morphofunctional characteristics of Dorper sheep crossed with Brazilian native breeds

The relationship between body development and external measures in sheep could provide useful information to define the optimal slaughter time as well as the adequate nutritional management. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the morpho-functional diversity of Dorper sheep crossed with Brazilian native breeds using in vivo morphometric analysis. The animals evaluated were from crosses of Dorper with Morada Nova, Rabo Largo and Santa Inês sheeps. The animals were slaughtered at 120 and 240 days of age. Body and carcass measures, weight of meat cuts and growth were evaluated. The crossbred animals were analyzed by sex, totaling six treatments. A factorial analysis was performed using two sets of data: the in vivo morphometric measures, and all the other characteristics and these factors were used as new variables. The differences among treatments were analyzed using MANOVA and canonical analysis. The meat cuts, conformation, marketability adaptation, and early maturity of the animals slaughtered at 120 days, as well as the meat cuts, conformation, adaptation, early maturity, and hindquarter of the animals slaughtered at 240 days were evaluated. As regards body measurements, at both slaughter ages, the following factors were discriminated: height, robustness, length, and thoracic circumference. Animal slaughtered at 120 days of age showed greater differences whereas at 240 days the differences diminished allowing to individuate which treatments were more adaptive or productive. Crosses ½ Dorper × ½ Santa Inês (male and female), and ½ Dorper × ½ Rabo Largo male slaughtered at 240 days seem to show higher productivity and better marketability abilities. The other crosses tend to have a more rustic profile (less productive) and smaller size, reaching however adult size earlier and showing better adaptive characteristics, which allows to decide for slaughtering at younger ages.

An open-label randomised clinical trial to compare the efficacy of dietary caloric restriction and physical activity for weight loss in overweight pet dogs

Canine obesity is usually managed with a combination of dietary caloric restriction and increasing physical activity, but no previous study has compared both of these strategies in a prospective randomised controlled trial. Thirteen overweight dogs (body condition score 6–9/9) were randomised to one of two interventions: dietary caloric restriction or physical activity. The dietary caloric restriction intervention comprised feeding a therapeutic weight loss diet, while the physical activity intervention comprised increasing the dog’s current physical activity pattern by at least a third. The primary outcome measure was change in body weight, while secondary outcome measures included change in neck, thorax and abdominal circumference and change in physical activity measured by triaxial accelerometer.Bodyweight decreased significantly with the dietary caloric restriction (median −10% of starting body weight [SBW], 5 to −12%; P=0.028) but not with the physical activity intervention (−2% SBW, +3% to −6%; P=0.107). Abdominal circumference (dietary caloric restriction: median −12.0%; physical activity: median −7.8%, P=0.016) and thoracic circumference (dietary caloric restriction: median −7.5%, P=0.031; physical activity: median −3.6%, P=0.031) changed significantly in both groups. There was no change in activity levels within the dietary caloric restriction group, but vigorous activity increased significantly in the physical activity group (P=0.016). Dietary caloric restriction was more effective than physical activity for controlled weight loss in overweight pet dogs. Although advising owners to increase their dog’s activity by a third led to a modest increase in measured vigorous physical activity, this was insufficient to promote weight loss on its own.

MEDIDAS MORFOMÉTRICAS E SUAS CORRELAÇÕES EM BÚFALOS DA RAÇA MURRAH CRIADOS EM MOJUÍ DOS CAMPOS, PARÁ

Objetivou-se verificar o perfil morfométrico e suas correlações em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) da raça Murrah no período de três meses no município de Mojuí dos Campos. Avaliaram-se 29 fêmeas com idade média de 36 meses e 7 machos inteiros com idade média de 18 meses, mensurando o perímetro torácico (PT), perímetro do barril (PB), comprimento do corpo (CC), altura de cernelha (AC), altura da garupa (AG), e peso corporal. Os dados foram tabulados de acordo com o sexo, sendo as médias comparadas pelo teste SNK, e as correlações entre as características através do procedimento PROC CORR. Todas as características analisadas apresentaram diferença significativa entre machos e fêmeas, sendo que as fêmeas apresentaram resultados superiores. Resultado este atribuído a diferença de idade, já que os machos eram animais jovens, com idade média de 18 meses, enquanto as fêmeas em estudo apresentaram média de idade de 36 meses. Machos e fêmeas da raça Murrah criados em Mojuí dos Campos apresentam medidas morfométricas diferentes. As correlações contatadas foram altas e favoráveis entre todas as variáveis analisadas. As características morfométricas que tiveram maior correlação com o peso foram o perímetro do barril (r= 0,95) e o perímetro torácico (r= 0,87), sendo estas as melhores medidas para predizer o peso vivo. A largura da garupa foi a medida com menor correlação (r= 0,49). Há poucos estudos de análise do padrão morfométrico em bubalinos na região, por isso torna-se necessário novas pesquisas para melhor conhecimento dos animais criados na região.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Biometria, Medidas corporais, Melhoramento genético.

Avaliação morfológica da raça bovina Crioula Lageana

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar medidas morfométricas de bovinos da raça Crioula Lageana em diferentes idades, para estabelecer padrões de variação dessas medidas, contribuindo para a caracterização fenotípica da raça. Foram coletadas medidas corporais (comprimento corporal, altura da cernelha, perímetro torácico, altura da garupa, largura da garupa e comprimento de garupa) de 346 animais oriundos de três regiões do Planalto Catarinense (Campos de Curitibanos, Coxilha Rica e Campos de Caçador). As medidas morfométricas foram avaliadas em relação à idade, sexo e região de origem. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando SAS versão 9.3. Os procedimentos utilizados incluíram análise de variância, correlações, cluster, discriminante e análise canônica. Foi observada diferença estatística entre machos e fêmeas para todas as medições, exceto altura da garupa, demonstrando o dimorfismo sexual. A altura da garupa variou até 3 e 5 anos de idade e comprimento do corpo variou em animais com mais de 11 anos de idade; enquanto a largura da garupa e perímetro torácico variaram até 7 e 9 anos de idade. Em média, 50% dos animais foram classificados correctamente, o que indica pouca diferença entre as regiões para as características morfométricas. Além disso, animais de Campos de Curitibanos foram os que apresentaram maior distância dos animais das outras regiões do planalto de Santa Catarina. As correlações entre altura da cernelha, largura e comprimento da garupa foram acima de 0,80. Assim, o comprimento da garupa pode ser considerado a medida mais adequada para avaliação do tamanho corporal desta raça, devido à alta correlação com as outras medidas e a facilidade de medição deste parâmetro.

Variants in the Chromosomal Region of the Myostatin Gene and Their Association With Lines, Performance, and Body Measurements of Quarter Horses

The objectives of this study were to evaluate differences between the racing and cutting lines of Quarter Horses in the allele frequencies of polymorphisms identified in the chromosomal region of the myostatin gene (MSTN, ECA18) and to analyze the association of polymorphisms in this chromosomal region with the estimated breeding values (EBVs) for racing performance, given by the maximum speed index, height at withers (HW), thoracic perimeter (TP), and body length (BL) in the racing line, and with EBVs for HW, TP, and BL in the cutting line. Genomic, phenotypic, and pedigree data from 420 horses of both sexes, registered in the Brazilian Association of Quarter Horse breeders, were used (352 of racing line and 68 of cutting line). In the genome region studied (MSTN ± 2 Mb), 46 SNPs and one SINE (ERE1) shared among the cutting and racing lines were identified, and the allele frequencies of 32 SNPs and the one SINE differed significantly between the two lines (P < .05). Furthermore, the part of this region closest to the MSTN (±1 Mb) was found to be less polymorphic in the racing line. Regarding phenotype-associated polymorphisms (unadjusted P < .05), those related to HW in the racing line are highlighted because of their large number and extensive linkage disequilibrium. In addition, these markers exhibited significantly higher frequencies of the favorable allele compared to the cutting line.

CORRELATION BETWEEN AGE, WEIGHT AND BODY MEASURES AT FIRST PREGNANCY OF NELLORE HEIFERS

T he objective of this study was to characterize and correlate weight, body condition and morphometric measurements with the beginning of the reproductive life in heifers of the Nellore breed. To determine the age of first pregnancy, 56 heifers of the Nellore breed were exposed to bulls. The females were evaluated for weight, body condition and body measurements every two months, from 16 to 32 months of age. The body measurements were: withers height, rump height, body length, head length, rump length, ear length, distance between ribs, distance from dorsal spine to belly, distance from ground to belly, head width, rump width, distance between ischiums, ear width, cannon bone perimeter, tail implantation perimeter, and thoracic perimeter. The results show that the animals had an average weight of 334±39 kg and an average age of 29±3 months at first pregnancy. The morphometric measurements of withers height, rump height, body length, rump length, head width, rump width, width between ischiums, tail implantation perimeter and thoracic perimeter were significantly greater in the pregnant animals. Can conclude from these results that a relationship between morphometric measurements and the first pregnancy in Nel l ore heifers.

Atypical manifestation of Ichthyosis vulgaris in children: case report

Introduction: Ichthyosis vulgaris is a common disorder characterized clinically by xerosis, excessive scaling, hyperkeratosis, keratosis pilaris, palmar and plantar hyperlinearity. It is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder with a strong association to atopic disorders. Clinical manifestations typically begin in the first year of life, with a slight thickening of the skins surface and fine scaling, mainly on extensor areas of the extremities, scalp, central part of the face and buttocks. Flexion surfaces are not compromised, and the abdomen, neck, and face are rarely affected. Most cases are not severe, and their clinical manifestations may improve or even disappear with age. Objective: This study aims to discuss the abnormal clinical manifestations of the patient in relation to the characteristics of the disease. Case Report: Male patient, two years old, from São João da Boa Vista - SP, is the first gestation of a non-consanguineous couple without intercurrences in relation to the gestational antecedents; has no siblings. He had prenatal care, born cesarean delivery, at term, newborn suitable for gestational age weighed 3,140kg, 50th percentile, measured 49cm, cephalic perimeter 35cm, thoracic perimeter 33cm, Apgar 9/10. At birth, extremely dry skin was seen with fine, diffuse scaling. At fifteen days of life there was worsening of skin dryness along with widespread erythema of diffuse on his body, including the scalp, face and folds, uncommon manifestations in this pathology. With dermatological guidance, he started treatment with a 10% urea-based moisturizer with partial improvement of the cutaneous condition. At 6 months of age, when breastfeeding stopped, and milk formula was introduced, there was a significant worsening of the skin peeling, being laminar in the upper extremities, lower extremities, scalp, buttocks, abdomen and face. Along with this, he presented pruritus and severe cutaneous hyperemia. This initiated the use of highly hydrolyzed dairy formula, second generation antihistamine and maintenance of cutaneous hydration. Research was conducted for food allergies using RAST to test for major food antigens, the results were negative. Biopsy results were compatible with ichthyosis vulgar. The oral challenge test results were positive for proteins in cows milk. In a follow-up with allergist and dermatologist, the child began to maintain a diet that excludes cow’s milk and derivatives, along with industrialized products with dyes and preservatives that also worsen the cutaneous condition. At two years of age, he reports improvement in the appearance of the skin with less flaking and less pruritus present in exposed areas such as face, scalp and limbs. Also, he shows ephemeral episodes of skin whitening. Mother relates clinical cutaneous improvement with less sun exposure. His neuropsychomotor development is normal. He is currently using an antihistamine, 10% urea-based moisturizing liquid petroleum jelly and sunscreen. At his physical examination: weight and height z score 0. Fine scaling was seen in the abdomen and in plaques in the upper limbs and scalp. This is causing large, square, brown, adherent scales in the center, with loose edges and areas of scaling with erythematous fundus. There is slight alopecia in areas on the scalp.

Different corporal structures determining the effective production of Red Angus primiparous cows at 24 months of age

The objective was to evaluate the production and efficiency of 24-month-old Red Angus primiparous cows of different weights at weaning and repetition of pregnancy. Before calving, the females were managed in natural prairies and fed sweet clover (Lotus corniculatus) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), with loads of 315 and 501 kg ha-1, respectively. Females were divided into groups according to the average birth weight into light 346.15 ± 3.39 kg; moderate 381.95 ± 2.99 kg; and heavy 412.63 ± 3.33 kg weights. The indicators evaluated were: primiparous weights and body conditions at calving and weaning, daily average and total gains, fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI), and accumulation. Calves at birth and weaning had their daily average and total weights evaluated. In terms of production, the daily average and total gains per pair and effective herd production (EHP) of the weight groups were measured. At weaning, morphometric measures, viz. croup height and thoracic perimeter had a linear relationship increasing with the weight at calving. In FTAI and cumulative pregnancy, the groups of light and moderate cows were more efficient than the heavy group cows, with values of 81.25%, 75.00%, and 55.56%, respectively. The EHP differed between the groups with values of 37.07 ± 1.71, 28.13 ± 1.50, and 19.99 ± 1.68 kg, for light, moderate, and heavy, respectively. Light cows were 31.8% and 85.4% higher in effective production than moderate and heavy cows, respectively. Knowledge of the production system is important for enhancing breeding efficiency. The improvement in productive performance is related to the adequacy of metrices used in the production system.

Intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance, performance and carcass traits of Santa Ines lamb fed with sunflower cake from biodiesel production

This study was conducted to determine the impact of sunflower cake inclusion in the diets of Santa Ines lambs on intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance, performance and carcass characteristics. Forty male Santa Ines lambs with an average body weight of 20.9 ± 0.41 kg were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatment diets containing sunflower cake at 0, 10, 20, and 30% of total dry matter (DM). The sunflower cake inclusion linearly reduced the intake of DM expressed as g/day, %BW and g/kg BW0.75, as well as the crude protein (CP), non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC), total digestible nutrients (TDN), neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDFap) of Santa Ines lambs. However, ether extract (EE) intake linearly increased (P < 0.01) with sunflower cake inclusion. However, ether extract (EE) intake linearly increased (P < 0.01) with sunflower cake inclusion. The sunflower cake inclusion decreased the DM and NFC digestibility, an increased the EE digestibility (P < 0.01). Regarding the N, there was observed a linear decreased (g/day) in N intake, N fecal excretion, N balance, basal endogenous nitrogen and retained N (P < 0.05). Final body weight, total weight gain, average daily weight gain and feeding efficiency decreased with the inclusion of sunflower cake (P < 0.05). The morphometric measurements (cm) and conformation index decreased linearly with the inclusion of sunflower cake in the lamb diet (P < 0.05), but sunflower cake did not affect (P> 0.05) wither height, rump height, thoracic perimeter and chest measurements, subcutaneous fat thickness (mm), or the carcass fattening degree. Including the sunflower cake in the diet of Santa Ines lambs reduced intake and impaired the performance and carcass characteristics. Therefore, the use of sunflower cake in the diets of lambs is not recommended at the levels that were studied.

Effects of long-term oral nitrate administration on adiposity in normal adult female rats

IntroductionNitric oxide (NO) deficiency is associated with obesity. Nitrate could act as a substrate for production of NO and is a novel therapeutic agent in obesity. This study aims at determining effects of long-term nitrate administration on obesity indices in normal adult female rats. MethodsFemale Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 10/each): i.e. control group received tap water and three treatment groups received water containing 50, 100 and 150 mg/L sodium nitrate for 6 months. Body weight (g) was measured monthly; naso-anal length (cm) and obesity indices including body mass index (BMI), Lee index, abdominal and thoracic circumferences were determined every two months. Both white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) were weighted and then adiposity index was calculated. In addition, level of NOx (nitrate + nitrite) in serum and adipose tissues were measured at the end of the study. ResultsCompared to controls, body weights and naso-anal length were significantly (P < 0.001) lower in all nitrate-treated rats. Compared to controls, nitrate-treated rats had also lower adiposity indices, BMI, Lee index, abdominal and thoracic circumferences (13%, 17% and 22% for BMI and 5%, 6% and 8% for lee index at dose 50, 100, and 150 mg/L, respectively). In addition, nitrate administration increased NOx levels in serum and adipose tissues. ConclusionsLong-term nitrate administration has favorable effects on adiposity. It increases brown and decreases white adipose tissues in normal female rats; these observations could potentially help in management of obesity.

Nonlinear models of Brazilian sheep in adjustment of growth curves

Growth curves of the Morada Nova sheep males and females were described using nonlinear models and the relationships between body weight and thoracic circumference were evaluated. Altogether 1516 repeated measures of body weight and thoracic circumference of the Morada Nova sheep (668 males and 848 females) taken since birth till 730 days of age were used. The Brody, Richards, von Bertalanffy, Gompertz, and Logistic models have been tested. The Fisher’s test (F) was used to verify the differences (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in growth curves between males and females. The Gompertz model presented a significant difference (P &amp;lt; 0.001) for growth curve parameters between males (asymptotic weight (A) = 40.5 kg and maturing rate (k) = 0.0043 kg/day) and females (A = 36.44 kg and k = 0.0028 kg/day). The relationships between body weight and thoracic circumference presented R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; above 0.7 and a high significance (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) for all categories, showing that the thoracic circumference may be a good indicator of body weight. In addition, a significant effect (P &amp;lt; 0.05) of the relationship between thoracic circumference and prediction of animal’s body weight was verified using the models of linear, quadratic, and cubic regression. Among the models studied, the Gompertz model presented the best fit and biological interpretation. Furthermore, the Gompertz model indicated the need to separate animals by sex in order to properly meet nutritional requirements and determine adequate slaughter age. Thoracic circumference can be used to predict animal body weight with a high accuracy.

Morphometric evaluation of the growth of Alpacas (Vicugna pacos) from birth to 36 months of age

Currently, very limited information is available on the growth of alpacas (Vicugna pacos). The aim of this study was to describe the growth of alpacas with percentile curves and to generate an equation for precise estimating the body weight using a body height, length or circumference. 162 alpacas, ranging in age from a few days to 36 months, were measured over a period of twelve months. Every two weeks five different body parameters and the body weight were recorded. The resulting percentile curves describe the development of body weight, height at withers, height in the hip and length of the trunk of up to three year old alpacas. No significant differences in the development of the skeleton were determined between males and females as well as the two subspecies Huacaya and Suri (P > 0.01). As in other species, the thoracic circumference is a reliable parameter for estimating the body weight. The equation based on to the model of a cubic function allows a very accurate prediction of the body weight (R2 = 0.97). The results provide new data about the growth pattern of alpacas. Based on the data guidelines concerning the growth of alpacas were created for veterinarians, alpaca owners and breeders. They supply a solid basis for recommendation in feeding and management of reproduction. Using the percentile curves, a reliable prediction of growth and conclusions regarding the age of an alpaca are possible.

Characterization of the onset of puberty in Tazegzawt lambs, an endangered Algerian sheep: Body weight, thoracic perimeter, testicular growth, and seminal parameters.

Aim:The aim of the present study was to define the onset of puberty in Tazegzawt ram lambs, an Algerian sheep breed in endangered status with a small population in its local area.Materials and Methods:Body growth (body weight and thoracic perimeter), scrotal circumference (SC), penis development stages, and seminal parameters (volume, concentration, and motility) were measured. Data were recorded at fortnightly intervals in 10 animals from 9 to 49 weeks of age.Results:On the basis of seminal analyses, puberty occurred between 29 and 45 weeks of age. At 29 weeks of age, 30% of lambs reached puberty, and at 45 weeks of age, puberty was observed in 100% of the analyzed animals. Body weight appeared as the most determinant factor, and the onset of puberty was observed when animals reached 43.2±6.4 kg body weight with 25.8±3.7 cm of SC. Seminal analyses revealed that all parameters increased regularly from puberty onset except for sperm concentration. The mean semen volume during the study period was 0.48±0.33 mL with 0.84±0.6 mL at 37 weeks of age. Sperm concentration evolved similarly as semen volume; at 29 and 43 weeks of age, the sperm concentration was 942×106 and 1904×106 spermatozoa/mL, respectively. Kinematic parameters including the percentage of motility, the percentage of progressive motility, and gametes velocities as determined by Computer-Aided Sperm Analyzer showed the highest values at 49 weeks of age.Conclusion:The current results revealed that, in Tazegzawt ram lambs, puberty occurs between 29 and 45 weeks when animals reach 43.2±4.6 kg body weight.

Physical exercise counteracts the increase in velocity of propagation of cortical spreading depression imposed by early over-nutrition in rats

Objectives: This investigation studied whether physical exercise could modulate cortical spreading depression (CSD) propagation velocity in adult rat offspring from dams that had received a high-fat (HF) diet during lactation. Methods: Wistar male rats suckled by dams fed either control (C) or HF diet ad libitum. After weaning, pups received standard laboratory chow. From 40 to 60 days of life, half of the animals exercised on a treadmill (group E); the other half remained sedentary (group S). Two additional HF groups (E and S) received fluoxetine (F; 10 mg/kg/day, orogastrically) from 40 to 60 days of life (groups HF/EF and HF/F). Results: At 40 days of life, rats from the maternal HF diet presented higher weight, thoracic circumference, and Lee Index than C animals and remained heavier at 60 days of life. Physical exercise decreased abdominal circumference. HF diet increased CSD propagation velocity (mean ± SD; mm/min) in sedentaries (HF/S 3.47 ± 0.31 versus C/S 3.24 ± 0.26). Treadmill exercise decelerated CSD propagation in both groups C/E (2.94 ± 0.28) and HF/E (2.97 ± 0.40). Fluoxetine alone decreased CSD propagation (HF/F 2.88 ± 0.45) compared with HF/S group. The combination of fluoxetine + exercise under HF condition (2.98 ± 0.27) was similar to HF/E group. Discussion: Physical exercise is able to reduce CSD propagation velocity in rat adult brains even when they have suffered over-nourishing during lactation. The effects of exercise alone or fluoxetine alone on CSD were similar to the effects of fluoxetine + exercise, under the HF condition. Data reinforce malnutrition during lactation modifies cortical electrophysiology even when the HF condition no longer exists.

Physiological variations in reproductive and metabolic features of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) bucks throughout the rutting season

White-tailed deer farming is a growing industry in the United States, yet there is still a need to improve breeding practices in captive cervids. The objective of this study was to compare reproductive and somatic characteristics of white-tailed bucks early in the breeding season (September), at peak rut (December), and late breeding season (March). We hypothesized that reproductive parameters would improve at the peak of the breeding season. Young, mature bucks (n = 7–11, ages 2–3 yr) were anesthetized via projector with tiletamine-zolazepam and xylazine. Semen was collected by electroejaculation and evaluated for sperm output, motility, and morphology. The bulbourethral, vesicular, and prostate glands were measured by transrectal ultrasound. Body condition score, thoracic circumference, rump fat thickness, scrotal circumference, and testicular measurements were also recorded. Serum testosterone, estradiol, and IGF-I concentrations were measured. Body condition score and rump fat thickness were highest in September, intermediate in December, and lowest in March (p < 0.01), whereas thoracic circumference was lowest in September (p = 0.02). In September, serum IGF-I was highest (p < 0.01) and estradiol was lowest (p ≤ 0.02). Serum testosterone levels were lowest in March and highest in December (p < 0.01). Testicular volume and scrotal circumference were highest in September, intermediate in December, and lowest in March (p < 0.01). Bulbourethral gland length was greatest in March (p ≤ 0.05), whereas prostate length was greatest in September (p ≤ 0.02). Vesicular gland length and width were highest in December, intermediate in September, and lowest in March (p ≤ 0.02). Both overall and progressive sperm motilities were lowest in March (p < 0.01), but did not differ between September and December (p ≥ 0.12). In December, bucks had the highest percentage of normal sperm and lowest percentage of primary sperm defects (p ≤ 0.01). Collectively, our results demonstrated variation in reproductive and metabolic characteristics of white-tailed deer bucks throughout the breeding season at 40°N. The physiological variations described here will be useful for veterinarians and researchers performing reproductive evaluations in white-tailed deer bucks.

Perfil antropométrico del recién nacido de madres indígenas y mestizas, nacidos en el Hospital Básico de Saraguro, 2016

INTRODUCTION: The newborn´s antropometry is a key measure to estimate a lot of indicators such as: malnutrition, frecuency prenatal controls, feeding during pregnancy, etc; this factors are little known in the indigena population, like low socioeconomic level, traditions, and sanitary coverage unenough that exist in this populational group can affect in the normal values of newborn´s antropometry (20-23). OBJECTIVE: Compare profiles the newborn´s antropometrics between indigenas mothers and mestizas mothers in the Saraguro basic Hospital, 2016. METHODOLOGY: The descriptive analytical retrospective study, has been made though of 151 clinical files of normal pregnancies and the low risk, in the Saraguro basic hospital, from January to October. The data was imputting in a questionnaire structured by the authors, it was being tabulated in the statistical program SPSSv. 20.01, and it was analysed with descriptive and analytic statistics. RESULTS: Of the 151 newborns, 52.9% are female sex, with average pregnacy age of 39,2 weeks ± 1.2, average weight is 3226,3 3 ± 395 gr. Size: 49 ± 3 cm, cephalic perimeter of 34,2 ± 2 and thoracic perimeter of 34 ± 1, The newborns of indigenous mothers had an average weight of 3154 g, size 49.1 cm, head circumference of 33 cm and thoracic perimeter of 34 cm. And the children of mestizo mothers have an average weight of 3288.5 gr, size 48.9 cm, cephalic perimeter 33.9 cm; Weight (p: 0.037) and cephalic perimeter (p: 0.015) were lower in the group of indigenous mothers. CONCLUSION: In the Saraguro Basic Hospital for the year 2016, the neonato´s anthropometric profile of indigenous mothers is: weight 3154 g, size 49.1 cm, head circumference 33.9 cm and thoracic perimeter 34.04 cm. The anthropometric profile of newborns of mestizo mothers is: weight 3288.5 g, size 48.9 cm, cephalic perimeter 34.7 cm and chest circumference 34.01 cm; Both the weight and the head circumference are lower in children of indigenous mothers.

Desenvolvimento e zoometria de caprinos leiteiros jovens de diferentes grupos genéticos

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the genetic group on the development and zoometry of young dairy goats. The study was developed in the municipality of Coité do Nóia, AL. It was used measuring 166 goats kids Saanen, Toggenburg, Alpina Americana, Parda Alpina, Murciana and mixed breed animals (NDRP). After weaning (60 days), and every 21 days, up to 144 days of age, the animals were weighed and the following zoometric measures: body length, thoracic perimeter, height of the withers, height of the rump, breast width, croup width, croup length and scrotal perimeter. The results were evaluated through the analysis of variance and the mean was tested by the Tukey test at 5% probability. The effect of age on the zoommetry was evaluated by regression analysis. There was no effect (P &gt; 0.05) on the interaction between genetic group and age. In relation to the influence of the genetic group on the zoometry, there was a difference, in which the groups Parda Alpina and NDRP presented higher averages (P &lt; 0.01) to the other groups evaluated for body length (51.6 cm, 50.6 cm), croup height (52.7 cm, 52.5 cm), croup width (10.0 cm, 10.1 cm) and scrotal perimeter (12.7 cm, 13.3 cm). For the genus, females presented a mean superior to males only for body length (49.68 cm). The genetic group, the genus and the age are factors that influence the development and the zoometry of young dairy goats.

Effects of maternal nutrient restriction during early or mid-gestation without realimentation on maternal physiology and foetal growth and development in beef cattle

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of early and mid-gestation nutrient restriction on maternal metabolites and foetal growth. Primiparous Angus cows were synchronized and inseminated with semen from one sire. Dietary treatments were: control to gain 1 kg/week (CON) or 0.55% maintenance energy and CP requirements (nutrient restricted; NR). A subset of dams was fed NR (n=8) or CON (n=8) from days 30 to 110 of gestation. Another group was fed CON (n=8), days 30 to 190; NR (n=7), days 30 to 110 followed by CON days 110 to 190; or CON, (n=7) days 30 to 110 followed by NR days 110 to 190. Cows were harvested at days 110 or 190 of gestation, when foetal measurements and samples were collected. Cows that were NR during days 30 to 110 or 110 to 190 of gestation lost significant BW and body condition score (P<0.001), this was associated with reduced plasma glucose during NR (P<0.002). Foetal weights, empty foetal weights, abdominal and thoracic circumferences were all reduced (P<0.03) in day 110 NR animals. Foetal perirenal adipose as a percentage of empty foetal weight was increased (P=0.01) in NR day 110 female foetuses compared with CON foetus. Maternal serum triglycerides at day 110 of gestation were decreased (P<0.05) in NR dams, whereas foetal serum triglycerides were increased (P<0.05) in response to maternal NR. Foetal weights tended to be reduced (P=0.08) in NR/CON and CON/NR v. CON/CON cattle at day 190 of gestation. Empty foetal weights, abdominal and thoracic circumferences were reduced (P⩽0.03) in NR/CON and CON/NR v. CON/CON cattle. Brain weight as a percentage of empty foetal weight was increased (P<0.001) in NR/CON and CON/NR v. CON/CON cattle. Foetal perirenal adipose as a percentage of empty foetal weight was increased (P=0.003) in NR/CON and CON/NR v. CON/CON cattle. Maternal serum triglycerides at day 190 of gestation were decreased (P<0.05) in association with maternal NR. Foetal serum triglycerides at day 190 of gestation were increased (P<0.05) in response to maternal NR during early gestation but decreased by NR in mid gestation compared with CON foetuses. The data show that maternal nutrient restriction during early or mid-gestation cause’s asymmetrical foetal growth restriction, regardless if the restriction is preceded or followed by a period of non-restriction.