Third-party Payment Research Articles

Petri net-based methods for analyzing structural security in e-commerce business processes

The rapid development of e-commerce worldwide, means more e-commerce business processes adopting the structure of multiple participants; these include shopper clients, merchant and third-party payment platforms (TPPs), banks, and so on. It is a distributed and complex system, where communications among these participants rely on the web services and Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) such as Cashier-as-a-Service or CaaS. This introduces new security challenges due to complex interactions among multiple participants, and any design flaws in procedure structures may result in serious security issues. We study the structural security issues based on Petri nets, and a framework for analyzing structural security in e-commerce business process is proposed. Petri net-based modeling and analysis methods are also provided. Given the specifications of e-commerce business processes, the proposed methods can help designers analyze structural security issues of an e-commerce business process.

Medical service provider networks.

In many countries, health insurers or health plans choose to contract either with any willing providers or with preferred providers. We compare these mechanisms when two medical services are imperfect substitutes in demand and are supplied by two different firms. In both cases, the reimbursement is higher when patients select the in-network provider(s). We show that these mechanisms yield lower prices, lower providers' and insurer's profits, and lower expense than in the uniform-reimbursement case. Whatever the degree of product differentiation, a not-for-profit insurer should prefer selective contracting and select a reimbursement such that the out-of-pocket expense is null. Although all providers join the network under any-willing-provider contracting in the absence of third-party payment, an asymmetric equilibrium may exist when this billing arrangement is implemented.

A new coupled ARMA-FGM model and its application in the internet third-party payment forecasting in China

PurposeWith the rapid development of e-commerce in China, the third-party payment system greatly improved the efficiency and volume of the entire trading market. The purpose of this paper is to put forward a suitable prediction model to analyse its development trend.Design/methodology/approachThe authors analyse internet third-party payments in China, taking into account online payment transaction values coupled with an ARMA model and the fractional grey model (FGM). First, the rolling FGM model is applied in order to characterise the trends of the transaction volume. The influence of the initial value change on the FGM model is analysed. The optimisation mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) model is constructed to determine the optimal translational values, the corresponding optimal accumulation order and optimal inverse accumulation order.FindingsThis paper uses China’s recent third-party online payment data to quantify its development trend. The authors find the coupling model suitable for the development trend of third-party online payment transaction. The results show that the model is suitable to quantify its development trend of China’s recent third-party online payment.Originality/valueConsidering the complex influence factors that lead to the third-party online payment volume data of time-varying grey feature, this paper combines the FGM with ARMA model to describe the development of third-party payment mode.

Strong anonymous mobile payment against curious third-party provider

M-commerce provides convenient services and has developed rapidly in recent years. But security and privacy have always been major concerns for most users. Among existing payment systems, PayPal as well as Alipay has a third-party payment provider (TPP) but does not provide anonymity. Bitcoin provides anonymity but its decentralized framework without TPP causes high energy consumption and security attack issues. Further information can be deduced from the public decentralized ledger, Bitcoin cannot offer strong privacy guarantees. Therefore, unifying strong anonymity, security and efficiency is challenging in mobile payment. This paper proposes a strong anonymous mobile payment against a curious third-party provider (SATP). A ticket as a new means of payment is partially blindly signed by TPP using certificateless cryptographic primitives. SATP can ensure confidentiality of payment data, non-repudiation and revocation of payment operation, and anonymity of payer’s identity. Especially, it can enable a user to pay anonymously even in face of a curious TPP. Performance analysis shows that SATP avoids high energy consumption like Bitcoin, and its communication cost is less than that of the existing anonymous research work.

United States Model Midwifery Legislation and Regulation: Development of a Consensus Document.

Midwifery is defined and regulated across all 50 United States. However, states' regulations vary markedly, creating confusion for policy makers and consumers, and can limit services to women. In 2011, the International Confederation of Midwives released Global Standards for Midwifery Education, Regulation, and Association, providing guidance for international midwifery for the first time. US organizations representing midwifery education, regulation, and professional associations (US MERA) agreed to work together on common goals. The purpose of this modified Delphi study, conducted by US MERA, was to develop a consensus document on principles of model US midwifery legislation and regulation. Expert panelists (N = 51) across maternal and child health care professions and consumer groups participated over several iterative rounds. The final document establishes guiding principles for US midwifery regulation, including regulatory authority, education, qualifications, regulation, registration and licensure, standards of practice and conduct, complaints, and third-party payment for services. As more US states recognize and license midwives of all credentials and in every practice setting, we can envision a time when equity, informed choice, safety, and seamless access to quality midwifery care will be the right of every birthing family.

Inclusion or expulsion: Digital technologies and the new power relations in China’s “Internet finance”

The financial sector in China is well known as a government-dominated hierarchy, and the access to financial services has been controlled primarily by the state-run banks. Fin-tech businesses, or so-called “Internet finance,” in China have included new actors such as Internet companies, small and medium enterprises, and small lay investors in the financial regime. The new entrants’ technology-mediated interactions with the government engendered new politico-economic relations within and beyond the market, in the cyberspace and in everyday life. How have the Chinese modes of financial inclusion reconfigured the power relations between the state, corporations, and the investing public in China? Through the political-economic analyses of three specific forms of fin-tech businesses—third-party payment, peer-to-peer lending, and money market fund this article argues that Chinese fin-techs have enabled a broader societal participation to investment practices and empowered Internet corporations alongside the state-controlled financial systems. Thus, such an inclusion is less about the “inclusive finance” endorsed by the World Bank for the under-represented social groups’ accesses to financial services. It is more of a technology-facilitated financialization initiated by the state, promoted by information technology companies, and popularized among small investors. Rather than leading to the decentralization of financial power, China’s fin-tech has formed a higher level of concentration of financial capital controlled by the Chinese oligopoly Internet corporations. Moreover, the collaborations and competitions between the growing fin-tech companies and the state-owned financial sector deserve further observations.

Impact of payment technology innovations on the traditional financial industry: A focus on China

With the rapid advent of e-commerce in China, the technological innovation of third-party payment has experienced explosive growth. This important technological innovation, initiated by emerging Internet companies, is helping the traditional financial industry's payment business—represented by commercial banks—expand in both depth and breadth. Meanwhile, there is also a large degree of substitution, competition and crowding out among these banks in terms of the traditional financial industry's basic payment and settlement functions, potential customers, deposit and loan services and traditional intermediary business. This paper explores the impact (episodic and long-term steady-state) of the technological innovation of payment on commercial banks. It also considers the impact of technological innovation on industrial evolution to clarify whether technological innovation offsets the advantages of traditional industries or promotes industrial development. This study adopts the Vector Auto-Regression (VAR) impulse response model to analyze the impact of Internet Third-Party Payment (TPP) on the traditional financial industry from 2007 to 2014. The empirical results suggest that in China, third-party payments have had a significant positive correlation with the value creation capabilities of traditional financial industries, and that this relationship tends to remain in a steady state in the long term. Based on these findings, this paper confirms that the technological innovation of methods of payment in emerging economies, such as China, has promoted the development of the financial industry and accelerated the process of industrial evolution. We conclude the paper with feasible policy suggestions.

Analyzing E-Commerce Business Process Nets via Incidence Matrix and Reduction

E-commerce business process nets (EBPNs) are a novel formal model for describing and validating e-commerce systems including interactive parties such as shopper, merchant, and third-party payment platform. Data errors and nondeterminacy of the data states during the trading process can be depicted with the help of EBPNs. However, the problem about how to analyze EBPNs remains largely open. To analyze their data-liveness, data-boundedness, and reachability, this paper presents two analysis methods. For EBPNs, reachability analysis is proposed based on a 3-D incidence matrix method. Additionally, reduction methods are proposed for a special EBPN. Finally, the validity and reliability of the proposed methods are illustrated via the examples of e-commerce systems.

Research on Internet Finance and Its Accounting Practice

With internet financial development in domestic, it is an important part of the current management to effectively manage the internet finance and avoid the financial risk for financial enterprise accounting practice. The financial accounting procedures which adapting to internet finance was established through studying on Third-party payment, P2P network platform, online fund and so on.

The Influence of Internet Finance on Commercial Banks and Countermeasures—the Impact of Third Party Payment on Commercial Banks

The third party payment has become a very important part of the financial service industry in the new era. It has also become the core pillar of the rapid development of the related industries of the Internet and economy in China. It is the forward driving force for the future development. At the same time, third-party payment technology to promote the e-commerce-related business development, for the e-commerce industry has brought huge profits. However, the development of third-party payments has also brought little impact to commercial banks: in the face of the growing electronic payment market, commercial banks have actively introduced corresponding countermeasures to deal with the impact of third-party payments on them and hit.

Public And Private Payments For Physician Office Visits.

We used data for 2014-15 from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to estimate standardized payments for nonelderly adults' physician office visits by type of insurance. Adults with public insurance, especially Medicaid, had substantially lower provider payments, out-of-pocket spending, and third-party payments than their peers with employer-sponsored or Marketplace insurance. Quantifying public-private payment differences can help clarify choices for financing health care among low-income Americans.

Countermeasures Exploration of State-owned Commercial Banks in the Context of Internet Financial Model

In recent years, with the development of e-commerce, Internet financial model continuously develops and flourishes, especially the "financial online"， this pattern develops rapidly. The rapid development of this kind of financial model brought a huge challenge to the traditional banking sector, this challenge greatly influence on state-owned commercial banks. This paper first describes the development of the Internet financial status and third-party payment, such as Internet banking and Internet banking sales of the main characteristics and how to operate. Then by using the SWOT method to analyze the state-owned commercial banks facing in the Internet financial mode of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges. Finally from enlarging advantages, avoiding disadvantages and traditional bank financial models and new financial aspects put forward the mutual fusion of commercial banks in the context of the Internet financial strategies and prospects for development.

Investigation on Accounting Treatment of the Thirdparty Payment Platform in Electronic Commerce

This paper firstly analyzes the current situation of China’s third-party payment platform and illustrates the differences of accounting treatments under the third-party payment mode and traditional payment mode; secondly, it concludes the problems of China’s third-party payment platform in the accounting treatment; finally, it proposes the reasonable countermeasures and suggestions to solve the problems in the accounting treatment of China’s third-party payment platform. People are more likely to choose the fast and convenient network platform to satisfy their demands of all aspects as the computer and network technologies develop; hence the E-commerce is born at the right moment. As an important component of E-commerce, the third-party payment platform has always on the move; the increasing transaction and business in all fields have brought forth the issues of accounting treatment. How to give full display to accounting to give a helping hand in the growth of the third-party payment platform has become a topic worth thinking about in the current Information Age.

Innovation and imitation

PurposeThird-party payments were first introduced by the US firm PayPal. Soon after, China developed a localized version of PayPal – Alipay, which became the main payment method for online transactions in China. Currently, the number of global transactions conducted with Alipay is three times that of PayPal. In addition to online transactions, Alipay also integrates with mobile payment applications to provide offline services, making physical transactions more convenient for users. The authors, in this paper, aim to address how third-party payments technology seems to be playing out an innovation-imitation-catch up story.Design/methodology/approachKrugman (1966) proposed a general-equilibrium model of product cycles under perfect competition where high-tech products are innovated by an “advanced” country and imitated by a “developing” country. The competition between US–China online technologies (e.g. third-party payments) seems to be playing out this innovation-imitation-catch up story.FindingsThe USA has already put a lot of effort into the operations of credit cards and checks, as well as other infrastructure such as human resources and installation of relevant systems. China lacks the infrastructure for payments made with credit cards and checks, and therefore China’s opportunity cost of moving directly from cash transactions to third-party payments is much less than that of the USA, which is why China holds follower advantage in third-party payment markets.Originality/valueThe third-party payment technologies appear to be a good example of the argument made by Krugman (1966) regarding the US–China competition on advanced technology, which states that an imitator can catch up with an inventor when the former acquires comparative advantages against the latter.

Antidepressant use and costs among low-education and low-income people with serious psychological distress: evidence from healthcare reform

The goal of this study was to assess the likelihood of purchasing antidepressants, number of antidepressants purchased, and out-of-pocket (OOP) and total spending on antidepressants among people living with serious psychological distress (SPD) from 2008 to 2014. Data source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) Data for the years from 2008 to 2014. Sample Design: A retrospective cross-sectional design was employed. MEPS is a nationally representative survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalised population in the U.S. The subset of individuals with serious psychological distress (SPD) who used any antidepressant in the study period was 2401. Measurements: The study uses an established cut-off for serious psychological distress of a Kessler-6 score of ≥13. The Anderson Health Behavior model is used to select covariates. Data analysis: We calculated the mean number of scripts purchased, odds of any purchase, OOP, third-party and total payments for prescription antidepressants among people with SPD using Stata 14. The number of scripts purchased per person remained relatively stable between 2008 and 14. The odds of purchasing scripts were higher for Caucasian women, and were significantly lower for African Americans and people who spoke a language other than English at home. There was a significant decline in OOP among near poor, low-income and low-educational attainment people in 2014. Evidence suggests that low-income, low-educational attainment people with SPD benefitted from health reform initiatives in the form of lower OOP in 2014. Maintenance of policies that enable insurance coverage of these people may have a role in ensuring access to needed antidepressants.

A knowledge discovery model for third-party payment networks based on rough set theory

A knowledge discovery model for third-party payment networks based on rough set theory

Not Your Same Old Story: New Rules for Thematic Apperceptive Techniques (TATs)

ABSTRACTStories told about pictures have been used for both research and clinical practice since the beginning of modern personality assessment. However, with the growing science–practice gap, these thematic apperceptive techniques (TATs) have been used differently in those 2 venues. Scientific validation is presumptively general, but clinical application is idiographic and situation-specific. A bridge is needed. The manualized human-scored narrative analysis systems discussed here are valuable scientist-practitioner tools, but they require a validation literature to support further research publication, maintain their role in clinical training, and justify clinicians' reimbursement by third-party payers. To facilitate wider understanding of manualized TAT methodologies, this article addresses long-standing criticisms of TAT reliability and proposes some strategic solutions to the measurement error problem for both researchers and clinicians, including analyzing person–situation interactions, purposeful situation sampling for within-storyteller comparisons, and uses of small samples. The new rules for TATs include conceptual and methodological standards that researchers should aim to meet and report, reviewers should apply to manuscripts, and clinical assessors can use to analyze their own data and justify third-party payment.

The Unindicted Conspirator: High Healthcare Spending and the Rise of Third-Party Payment

Healthcare spending in the United States is dominated by government and insurers, which are collectively called “third-party payers.” In 1960, patients controlled how almost 50 cents of each dollar spent on health care was paid. That number is now down to just over 10 cents, with the rest controlled by third-party payers. This separation of payer from consumer is associated with a significant increase in real healthcare spending per capita, with poor quality, and with waste that amounts to about one-third of healthcare spending. However, this result is not a natural economic outcome. Rather, it is the consequence of public policy that can, and should, be amended or reversed.

CDC's Male Circumcision Recommendations Represent a Key Public Health Measure.

CDC's Male Circumcision Recommendations Represent a Key Public Health Measure.

第三方网络支付平台C端市场竞争策略研究

结合双边市场理论和综合技术接受理论(UTAUT)，对第三方网络支付平台C端市场(个人用户市场)的竞争现状进行分析，构建结构方程模型(SEM)，研究个人用户使用第三方网络支付的影响因素。调查数据及实证结果表明：按照影响程度的大小，影响个人用户使用第三方网络支付的因素为绩效期望、社会影响、感知风险，其中感知风险存在负向影响，努力期望对绩效期望存在正向影响，网络效应正向影响努力期望与绩效期望。基于个人用户的使用行为和归属结构，从价格竞争、非价格竞争两个角度提出第三方网络支付平台在C端市场的竞争策略。 This paper analyzes the competition of third-party online payment in the consumer market and uses the UTAUT theory and the bilateral market theory to construct a structural equation model (SEM) for the analysis of influencing factors of individual users’ behavior toward third-party online payment. The questionnaires and data analysis show that the factors, ranked in accordance with influence degree, including performance expectancy, social influence and perceived risk, and meanwhile perceived risk have significant negative influence on behavioral intention. The performance expectancy is influenced by effort expectancy, and the network effect has positive influence on performance expectation and effort expectation. Based on the characteristics of users' behavior, relative competitive strategies of third-party online payment in the consumer market are put forward.