Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances Levels Research Articles

Betaine Protects Mice from Cardiotoxicity Triggered by Sodium Arsenite Through Antioxidative and Anti-inflammatory Pathways.

NaAsO2 is known as a harmful pollutant all over the world, and many chronic heart diseases can be attributed to its prolonged exposure in NaAsO2-contaminated water. Therefore, considering the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of betaine (BET), in this study, our team investigated the cardioprotective effects of this phytochemical agent on sodium arsenite (NaAsO2)-induced cardiotoxicity. Forty male mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: (I) Control; (II) BET (500mg/kg); (III) NaAsO2 (50ppm); and (IV) NaAsO2 + BET. NaAsO2 was given to the animals for 8weeks, but BET was given in the last two weeks. After decapitation, inflammatory factors and biochemical parameters were measured, and Western blot analyses were performed. BET decrease the activity level of alanine aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase MB, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances level, inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor-α) content, and nuclear factor kappa B expression. Furthermore, BET increased cardiac total thiol and activity levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase and nuclear factor erythroid-2 expression. Hence, the administration of BET ameliorated the deleterious effects stemming from the imbalance of oxidative and antioxidant pathways and histopathological alterations observed in NaAsO2-intoxicated mice, thereby attenuating oxidative stress-induced damage and inflammation.

Obesity aggravates acute kidney injury resulting from ischemia and reperfusion in mice

In critically ill patients, overweight and obesity are associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the effect of obesity on ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI)-induced AKI is unknown. We hypothesized that obesity would aggravate renal IRI in mice. We fed mice a standard or high-fat diet for eight weeks. The mice were divided into four groups and submitted to sham surgery or IRI: obese, normal, normal + IRI, obese, and obese + IRI. All studies were performed 48 h after the procedures. Serum glucose, cholesterol, and creatinine clearance did not differ among the groups. Survival and urinary osmolality were lower in the obese + IRI group than in the normal + IRI group, whereas urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels, tubular injury scores, and caspase 3 expression were higher. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression was highest in the obese + IRI group, as were the levels of oxidative stress (urinary levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and renal heme oxygenase-1 protein expression), whereas renal Klotho protein expression was lowest in that group. Expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 and peroxiredoxin 6, proteins that induce lipid peroxidation, a hallmark of ferroptosis, was lower in the obese + IRI group. Notably, among the mice not induced to AKI, macrophage infiltration was greater in the obese group. In conclusion, greater oxidative stress and ferroptosis might aggravate IRI in obese individuals, and Klotho could be a therapeutic target in those with AKI.

Effects of a Phytogenic Feed Additive on Redox Status, Blood Haematology, and Piglet Mortality in Primiparous Sows

This study aimed to investigate the effects of a polyphenolic phytogenic feed additive (PFA) based on plant extracts, such as Embelia officinalis, Ocimum sanctum and nut fibre, on the redox status, haematological parameters, and piglet mortality in sows. A total of 64 primiparous sows were divided into two groups: T1-control group: regular gestation (GF) and lactation feed (LF), T2 group: regular GF and LF supplemented with a PFA (10 g daily) for 14 days before and 7 days after the farrowing. Blood samples were collected 0–3 h after farrowing. Haematological parameters (Packed Cell Volume/PCV, White Blood Cells/WBC, Platelets/PLTs) were counted in blood smears. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyls (CARBS) levels were determined in sow plasma. The performance and reproductive parameters of sows at farrowing and weaning days were recorded. The mean numbers of PCV and PLT counts in the T2 group were higher in comparison to the T1 group (p = 0.041, p = 0.033, respectively). In contrast, the mean numbers of WBC and neutrophils were almost significantly higher in the T2 group (p = 0.051). The mean number of stillborn piglets was significantly higher in the T1 group (2.12) compared to the T2 group (1.03). The mean number of alive piglets 24 h after farrowing and the mean number of the weaned piglets were significantly higher in group T2 (13.9 vs. 15.4 and 12.6 vs. 14.3). Sows in group T2 had significantly more backfat at weaning than the sows in group T1 (13.3 vs. 12.7). The mean levels of CARBS (nmol/mL) and TBARS (μmol/L) in group T1 (24.8 and 18.7) were significantly higher in comparison to group T2 (18.3 and 14.9). In conclusion, the use of a polyphenolic PFA in sows has beneficial effects on their welfare and performance due to its antioxidative effects. Furthermore, PFAs appear to exert antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, and protective effects on PLTs, WBCs, and RBCs, respectively.

Catalase and Uric Acid Prevent Morphological Damage to the Sperm Flagella of Colossoma macropomum During 96 Hours at Low Storage Temperatures.

Oxidative stress is one of the main causes of loss of sperm function during chilled storage. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of a fructose-based extender, which was supplemented with catalase or uric acid, on the motility, viability, morphological integrity, and lipid peroxidation (LPO) of Colossoma macropomum spermatozoa. Sperm was diluted in extenders containing catalase (0; 0.1; 0.8; and 1.5 kU/L) or uric acid (0; 0.25; 0.5; and 1.0 mmol/L) and then stored at 4.3 ± 0.6°C for 96 hours. The chilling storage time had more significant and pronounced effects on practically all the measured sperm quality parameters than the different concentrations of both antioxidants added to the extenders. This was true for sperm motility, motility duration, sperm viability, and the percentage of normal spermatozoa. In fact, for all these parameters, values were higher in the extenders supplemented with catalase or uric acid, than those not supplemented with these antioxidants, especially after 96 hours. The LPO process showed an antioxidant-dependent response. In catalase-supplemented extenders thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels increased gradually and significantly with time, but remained stable during the 96 hours of chilled storage in all samples in which uric acid was added. Despite this, TBARS levels were lower in the extenders supplemented with both catalase and uric acid than in those not having these antioxidants. Inverse correlations were found between sperm motility and the damage in sperm flagella. Our findings suggest that the supplementation of an extender with catalase or uric acid is beneficial and protects fish sperm membranes from damage caused by oxidative stress during low-temperature storage. The extenders containing 0.1 kU/L of catalase and 0.25 mmol/L of uric acid provided effective antioxidant protection for the spermatozoa of this important Amazonian fish.

Pathogens inactivation and preservation of Pacific white shrimp by atmospheric cold plasma treatment

Atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) efficacy in inactivating Listeria monocytogenes and Vibrio parahaemolyticus was investigated on fresh and frozen shrimp. ACP inactivation efficacy increased with treatment time (5–20 min) and treatment voltages (60–80 kV) due to increased reactive gas species. ACP yielded stronger pathogen inactivation on frozen versus fresh shrimp. ACP treatment at 80 kV for 30 min maximally reduced L. monocytogenes and V. parahaemolyticus by 0.94 and 1.26 log CFU/g on fresh shrimp and by 1.68 and 2.0 log CFU/g on frozen shrimp. During storage at 4 °C, ACP-treated shrimp exhibited slightly higher thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels but overall improved quality attributes, including lower total viable count, total volatile basic nitrogen, and pH, as well as higher sensory scores compared to the controls. ACP also extended shrimp shelf-life by 2 days. Therefore, ACP holds significant potential for seafood disinfection and preservation. Industrial relevanceACP effectively reduced levels of Listeria monocytogenes and Vibrio parahaemolyticus on both fresh and frozen shrimp with greater inactivation effects on frozen shrimp. In addition to enhancing microbial safety, ACP also improved shrimp quality and extended shelf-life. ACP could readily be coupled with packaging technology and bio preservatives to enhance its efficacy. This research provides a foundation for the eventual industrial adoption of ACP technology to benefit both consumers through reduced pathogen risks, and seafood processors through improved product safety, quality, and shelf-life.

Glycitein prevents reserpine-induced depression and associated comorbidities in mice: modulation of lipid peroxidation and TNF-α levels.

Depression is a debilitating mood disorder affecting millions worldwide and continues to pose a significant global health burden. Due to the multifaceted nature of depression, the current treatment regimens are not up to mark in terms of their multitargeting potential and least side effect profile. Molecules within the isoflavone class demonstrate promising potential in alleviating depression and associated conditions, offering a multifaceted approach to manage mental health concerns. Therefore, the current study was designed to explore the potential of glycitein, an isoflavone in managing reserpine-induced depression and associated comorbidities in mice. Reserpine (0.5mg/kg; i.p.) administration for the first 3days induced depression and associated comorbidities as evidenced by increased immobility time in forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST), along with reduced locomotor activity in the open field test (OFT) and increased latency to reach the platform in the Morris water maze (MWM) test. Reserpine treatment also upregulated and downregulated the brain thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and glutathione (GSH) levels, respectively. Furthermore, reserpine administration also uplifted the level of TNF-α in the serum samples. Glycitein (3mg/kg and 6mg/kg; p.o.) treatment for 5days prevented the depressive effect of reserpine. It also improved the spatial memory at both dose levels. Moreover, in biochemical analysis, glycitein also reduced the brain TBARS and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels. Whereas, no significant effect was seen on the brain GSH level. Glycitein (6mg/kg) was found to be more effective than the 3mg/kg dose of glycitein. Overall results delineate that glycitein has the potential to manage depression and impaired memory by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and inflammatory stress.

Oxidative stress in the bivalve Diplodon chilensis under direct and dietary glyphosate-based formulation exposure.

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects on biochemical parameters and organosomatic indices in the freshwater bivalve Diplodon chilensis exposed to a glyphosate-based formulation under direct and dietary exposures (4mg a.p./L). After 1, 7, and 14days of exposure, reduced glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels and the activities of glutathione-S- transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were evaluated in the gills and digestive gland. The hepatosomatic (HSI) and branchiosomatic (BSI) indices were also analyzed. Direct and dietary glyphosate-based formulation exposure altered the redox homeostasis in the gills and digestive gland throughout the experimental time, inducing the detoxification response (GST), the antioxidant defenses (SOD, CAT, GSH), and causing lipid peroxidation. After 14days of exposure, the HSI and BSI increased significantly (43% and 157%, respectively) only in the bivalves under direct exposure. Greater changes in the biochemical parameters were induced by the dietary exposure than by the direct exposure. Furthermore, the gills presented an earlier response compared to the digestive gland. These results suggested that direct and dietary exposure to a glyphosate-based formulation induced oxidative stress in the gills and digestive glands of D. chilensis. Thus, the presence of glyphosate-based formulations in aquatic ecosystems could represent a risk for filter-feeding organisms like bivalves.

β-Glucan ameliorates cisplatin-induced oxidative and histological damage in kidney and liver of rats.

We investigated the effects of β-glucan (βg) on kidney and liver damage caused by cisplatin (CP), an antineoplastic agent widely used to treat many types of cancer, in a rat model. The side effects of CP in many tissues and organs limit its usage. βg is a natural polysaccharide that is an effective free radical scavenger. A total of 28 rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 was a non-intervention control, only feed and water were given. Group 2 was administered 7 mg/kg CP in a single dose. Group 3 was administered 50 mg/kg βg orally for 14 days. Group 4 was administered βg for 14 days, following a single dose of CP. At the end of the experiment, kidney and liver tissues were evaluated biochemically and histopathologically. Increased thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) levels, as well as decreased catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, as well as histological damage, were noted in both the kidney and liver tissues of the CP group. However, βg treatment prevented the oxidative and histopathological effects of CP. The study demonstrates the protective efficacy of βg against CP-induced kidney and liver damage through the effect of its antioxidant properties.

Investigation of crude methanolic extract from poison secreted by the Rhaebo gutattus on status redox antioxidant in mice

The study evaluated the antioxidant properties of a crude methanolic extract (CME) from Rhaebo guttatus poison in mice over a period of 7 and 30 days. The mice were divided into groups and treated with different concentrations of the extract (0; 8 μg mL-1; 16 μg mL-1 and 32 μg mL-1 or vehicle; 100 μL/animal/day; via gavage). The liver samples were analyzed for status redox parameters as catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The results showed that the CME caused changes in the levels of various antioxidants and oxidative stress markers. At 7 days, there was an increase in TBARS levels (8 μg mL-1 dose) and GST activity (16 μg mL-1 dose), and a reduction in GSH levels (32 μg mL-1 dose) compared to the control group. At 30 days, TBARS and GSH levels returned to control values in the same period, but GSH increased (32 μg mL-1 dose) compared at 7 days; GST activity remained high after 30 days for 32 μg mL-1 dose compared other groups and time of treatment (7 days). Overall, the study suggests that the extract modulates antioxidant properties per se that can affect various markers of status redox in the liver of mice, mainly 16 μg mL-1 dose demonstrated to act under antioxidant enzymes in different times (7 or 30 days).

Relatively Low Lecithin Inclusion Improved Gelling Characteristics and Oxidative Stability of Single-Washed Mackerel (Auxis thazard) Surimi.

The effect of lecithin addition on the gelling characteristics and oxidative stability of single-washed mackerel (Auxis thazard) surimi was investigated in this study. Surimi was chopped in the presence of 2.5% (w/w) NaCl with different concentrations of lecithin (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 g/100 g surimi). The rheological behavior, gel-forming ability, microstructure, and lipid oxidation of lecithin-added surimi varied significantly depending on lecithin content. When compared to the control, lecithin at 0.1, 0.5, and 1 g/100 g improved the breaking force of the gel (p < 0.05). The breaking force of the gel decreased significantly as lecithin concentration increased (up to 1.5 g/100 g) (p < 0.05). Deformation, on the other hand, reacted differently to the lecithin than it did to the breaking force. At a lecithin level of 0.1 g/100 g, the surimi gel displayed improved deformation (p < 0.05). Nonetheless, at higher doses (0.5-1.5 g/100 g), lecithin considerably reduced surimi gel deformation (p < 0.05), and the gel containing lecithin at 1.5 g/100 g showed significantly decreased deformation. Surimi with 0.1 g/100 g lecithin had the lowest expressible drip (p < 0.05). In general, lecithin at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1 g/100 g reduced expressible drip (p < 0.05), but not at 1.5 g/100 g, which was equivalent to the control (p > 0.05). Adding lecithin to mackerel surimi improved its whiteness slightly, regardless of concentration. Lecithin impacted the microstructures of surimi gel in a concentration-dependent manner. Lecithin at a concentration of 0.1 g/100 g produced a densely packed network with small, jointed clusters and minimal holes within the gel. Joined clusters in the gel were reduced by 0.5-1.5 g/100 g lecithin, and continuous aggregates predominated. Surprisingly, at higher doses of lecithin, notably 1.5 g/100 g, porous structures with continuous voids were perceived. Surimi gels treated with various lecithin doses had lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels than the control (p < 0.05). Overall, lecithin at a low concentration of 0.1 g/100 g was most effective at improving the texture, increasing water-holding capacity, lightening the color, and delaying lipid oxidation of single-washed mackerel surimi.

Water deprivation-induced hypoxia and oxidative stress physiology responses in respiratory organs of the Indian stinging fish in near coastal zones.

Water deprivation-induced hypoxia stress (WDIHS) has been extensively investigated in numerous fish species due to their adaptation with accessory respiratory organs to respire air but this has not been studied in Indian stinging fish Heteropneustes fossilis. Data regarding WDIHS-induced metabolism in accessory respiratory organ (ARO) and gills and its relationship with oxidative stress (OS) in respiratory organs of air-breathing fish H. fossilis, are limited. So, this study aimed to investigate the effects of WDIHS (0, 3, 6, 12, and 18 h) on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as reactive oxygen species (ROS), OS, redox regulatory enzymes, and electron transport enzymes (ETC) in ARO and gills of H. fossilis. Fish were exposed to air for different hours (up to 18 h) against an appropriate control, and ARO and gills were sampled. The levels of oxygen saturation in the body of the fish were assessed at various intervals during exposure to air. Protein carbonylation (PC) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were used as OS markers, H2O2 as ROS marker, and various enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), along with the assessment of complex enzymes (I, II, III, and V) as well as the levels of ascorbic acid (AA) and the reduced glutathione (GSH) were quantified in both the tissues. Discriminant function analyses indicate a clear separation of the variables as a function of the studied parameters. The gills exhibited higher levels of GSH and H2O2 compared to ARO, while ARO showed elevated levels of PC, TBARS, AA, SOD, CAT, and GPx activities compared to the gills. The activities of GR and ETC enzymes exhibited similar levels in both the respiratory organs, namely the gills, and ARO. These organs experienced OS due to increased H2O2, TBARS, and PC levels, as observed during WDIHS. Under WDIHS conditions, the activity/level of CAT, GPx, GR, and GSH decreased in ARO, while SOD activity, along with GR, GSH, and AA levels decreased in gills. However, the activity/level of SOD and AA in ARO and CAT in gills was elevated under WDIHS. Complex II exhibited a positive correlation with WDIHS, while the other ETC enzymes (complex I, III, and V) activities had negative correlations with the WDIHS. The finding suggests that ARO is more susceptible to OS than gills under WDIHS. Despite both organs employ distinct redox regulatory systems to counteract this stress, their effectiveness is hampered by the inadequacy of small redox regulatory molecules and the compromised activity of the ETC, impeding their ability to effectively alleviate the stress induced by the water-deprivation condition.

Is the trend toward a sustainable green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles completely safe for Oreochromis niloticus when compared to chemical ones?: using oxidative stress, bioaccumulation, and histological biomarkers.

Scientists worldwide have noticed that cutting-edge technologies can be used to produce nanoparticles (NPs) in a sustainable and environmentally friendly way, instead of the old methods. However, the effectiveness of this approach for aquatic environments and species still needs to be determined. Therefore, this study aims to compare between the toxicity of green and chemically synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (GS and CS) CuO NPs at two different concentrations on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) using various biomarkers. CuO NPs' formation was proved, and their different characterizations were recorded. Then, the fish samples were randomly allocated in glass aquaria into five groups: one acted as a control group, and the other groups were exposed to two concentrations (25 and 50mg/L) of GS-CuO NPs and CS-CuO NPs, separately, for 4days. After the experimental time, in all groups that were exposed to two concentrations of both synthesized CuO NPs, the results revealed that glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were elevated in the liver and gills compared to glutathione reduced (GSH) content, which showed a significant decline. Bioaccumulation of Cu was more prevalent in the liver than in the gills, and the highest bioaccumulation capacity was more evident in the groups exposed to CS-CuO NPs. Moreover, the bioaccumulation of Cu caused severe histological changes in the liver and gills. In conclusion, the results suggested that GS-CuO NPs revealed less toxicity than CS-CuO NPs to the examined fish. However, they are still toxic, and their toxic effect cannot be overlooked.

Metodologias para indicar estresse causado por jejum em poedeiras comerciais

ABSTRACT: Plasma corticosterone concentration (CORT), heterophil:lymphocyte ratio (H:L), catalase activity (CAT), total glutathione concentration (GSH), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels (TBARS) were evaluated in 48 Hy-Line Brown laying hens, at 79 weeks of age, after being fasted for 10 consecutive days. Blood was collected on days zero, two, four, six, eight, and 10 of fasting, and a completely randomized design was adopted, with eight replicates on each day of collection, with each bird being an experimental unit. The time of maximum stress was determined for each method, using the polynomial regression analysis. The Pearson correlation analysis was also performed to determine whether the methods were interchangeable. CORT and GSH concentrations indicated that the time of maximum stress occurred at 4.3 days of fasting, whereas, the H:L and CAT activity indicated that the time of maximum stress occurred at 10 days of fasting. The malondialdehyde concentration detected by the TBARS method was highest at day zero and lowest at day 5.5 of fasting, but this method was not a reliable measure of stress. The low Pearson correlation coefficients observed among the methods made it impossible to designate only one of the tested methods as a replacement for the others, to measure the stress in laying hens during fasting.

Efeito protetor da suplementação de hidróxi-selenometionina na dieta de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) submetidos ao estresse pelo transporte

ABSTRACT Selenium (Se) is an antioxidant mineral and has been included in fish feed formulations in the organic form of hydroxy-selenomethionine (OH-SeMet). This study evaluated how different concentrations of this substance, supplemented in the diet, act on tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) muscle before and after a stressor (transportation). Juvenile fishes were divided into five treatments receiving 0.0; 0.3; 0.6; 0.9; 1.2 mg kg-1 Se supplementation for 75 days. After that period, the fish were exposed to transportation for four hours. Sampling of muscle tissue for the measurement of biochemical parameters occurred on day 75, prior to transportation, and one week after transportation (day 83). The activity of enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase did not change. Supplementation with 1.2 mg kg-1 Se increased the level of reduced glutathione before transportation, and 0.9 and 1.2 mg kg-1 Se reduced the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels before and after transportation. After transportation, we observed reduced glutathione levels in fish treated with 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 mg kg-1, reduced ascorbic acid level in fish fed 0.6 mg kg-1 Se, and reduced total protein concentration in fish fed 0.3 mg kg-1 Se, as compared to the levels before transportation. In conclusion, the presence of different concentrations of Se in the fish diet promoted different patterns of response to redox status, minimizing oxidative damage generated by the stressor event.

Desintoxicação de poluentes de águas subterrâneas da planície de Al Jifara (Líbia) usando quitosana sintetizada naturalmente: status histológico e antioxidante em ratos Wistar

ABSTRACT To evaluate the efficiency of naturally derived chitosan as a bio-adsorbent to improve water quality in Jefara plain and health condition, male Wistar rats divided into 7 groups: group I (drinking unpolluted water), group II (drinking untreated water from aquifer 1), group III (drinking water from aquifer 1 treated with 0.5gm/L chitosan), group IV (drinking water from aquifer 1 treated with 1 gm/L chitosan), group V (drinking with untreated water from aquifer 2), group VI (drinking water from aquifer 2 treated with 0.5gm/L chitosan, group VII (drinking water from aquifer 2 treated with 1 gm/L chitosan) for 30 days. Adsorptive ability of chitosan was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray after the exposure processes. The recorded antioxidant biomarkers showed marked elevations superoxide dismutase, glutathione reduced and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels in groups II and V. The application of chitosan, significantly (P&lt; 0.05) reduced the TBARS level compared to untreated groups indicating the improvement of antioxidant status. Severity of structural damages of all recorded alterations in renal and hepatic tissues was more pronounced in the rats groups that were exposed to untreated water. While, chitosan intervention is significantly reduced the above recorded alterations.

Quality of pork after electron-beam irradiation: A meta-analysis study.

Irradiation has become a preferred method for pork preservation in recent years. Electron-beam irradiation is notably recognized for its feasibility and safety among various irradiation methods. This meta-analysis study aims to elucidate the impact of electron-beam irradiation on oxidation parameters, color, sensory attributes, and microbiological conditions in pork. A total of 79 data from 22 articles were aggregated into an extensive database. The irradiation dose ranged from 0 to 20 kGy in this current meta-analysis. The observed parameters encompassed oxidation, color, sensory attributes, and microbiological conditions. A mixed-model approach was used to perform the meta-data analysis, in which irradiation dose was treated as fixed effects and distinct studies (articles) as random effects. Electron-beam irradiation resulted in an increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels and peroxide-oxygen value of pork (p < 0.01). Conversely, total volatile-base-nitrogen values (p < 0.05) were observed. Following irradiation, the pH value, lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) remained unaffected. Pork color tended to decrease after irradiation treatment (p = 0.095 and p = 0.079, respectively) at 7 and 14 days of storage. The irradiation process resulted in an increase in the values of texture and juiciness parameters (p < 0.05). However, electron-beam irradiation resulted in decreased overall acceptability (p = 0.089). In terms of microbiological status, electron-beam irradiation led to a reduction in the populations of Salmonella (p < 0.01), Escherichia coli (p < 0.01), Listeria monocytogenes (p < 0.05), and coliforms (p < 0.05) at 7 and 14 days of storage. Electron-beam irradiation enhances lipid peroxidation in porcine meat. The color of the meat remained unchanged after treatment. However, with regard to sensory properties, electron-beam irradiation showed a tendency to decreased overall acceptability. Most microbiological parameters decreased following electron-beam irradiation.

Development of Yellow Discoloration in Sawai (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) Muscle due to Lipid Oxidation.

In this study, we investigated the impact of lipid oxidation on the discoloration of Sawai (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) lipids and proteins. Sawai microsomes, liposomes, and salt-soluble myofibrillar proteins were prepared and subjected to lipid oxidation process. The results revealed that the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, yellowness (as indicated by b* values), and pyrrole compounds increased when Sawai liposomes and microsomes were oxidized using iron and ascorbate. Meanwhile, the levels of free amines decreased, particularly as the iron content (25∼100 μM) and incubation time (0∼20 h) increased. The impact of oxidized liposomes at different levels (1, 2, and 5%) on the salt-soluble Sawai myofibrillar proteins was also evaluated. The findings revealed that lipid oxidation products reduced the sulfhydryl content and increased the surface hydrophobicity and carbonyl content of the salt-soluble Sawai myofibrillar proteins. These results imply that the formation of yellow discoloration in Sawai muscle could be due to nonenzymatic browning reactions occurring between lipid oxidation products and amines in the muscle protein.

Effects of Supplementation of Murici (Byrsonima crassifolia) and Taperebá (Spondias mombin) Pulp Extracts on Food Intake, Body Parameters, and Oxidative Stress Markers in Healthy Rats.

This study evaluates the effects of supplementation of murici (Byrsonima crassifolia) and taperebá (Spondias mombin) pulp extracts on dietary intake, body composition, biochemical parameters, and markers of oxidative stress. Two experiments were conducted with a total of 80 healthy male Wistar rats and a 30-day supplementation. In the first experiment, animals were divided into control (C) group, murici group 50 mg/(kg⸱day) (50Mu), murici group 100 mg/(kg⸱day) (100Mu), and murici group 200 mg/(kg⸱day) (200Mu). In the second experiment, animals were divided into C group, taperebá group 50 mg/(kg⸱day) (50Tap), taperebá group 100 mg/(kg⸱day) (100Tap), and taperebá group 200 mg/(kg⸱day) (200Tap). Results showed lower feed intake in 50Mu, 100Mu, and 100Tap groups (13%, 12%, and 10%, respectively, P < .05) and lower body fat in 200Mu, 100Tap, and 200Tap groups (16.0%, 29.1%, and 27.1%, respectively, P < .05). Only the 100Tap group showed reduced adipose tissue content (30.4%; P < .05). Increased plasma antioxidant capacity was observed at all doses for both fruits. Taperebá supplementation reduced ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange levels (50Tap: 8.4%, 100Tap: 16.1%, 200Tap: 24.3%; P < .05) and increased thiol levels (50Tap: 39%, 100Tap: 31%; P < .05). Serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels were reduced in all groups receiving taperebá (50Tap: 77.7%, 100Tap: 73.1%, 200Tap: 73.8%; P < .05) and murici (50Mu: 44.5%, 100Mu: 34%, 200Mu: 43%; P < .05). Therefore, it is suggested that the inclusion of these fruits in the diet can contribute to health maintenance and disease prevention, through their effects on controlling food intake, improving body composition, and in combating oxidative stress.

Exploring the role of Maillard reaction and lipid oxidation in the advanced glycation end products of batter-coated meat products during frying

The Maillard reaction occurs during the frying of batter-coated meat products, resulting in the production of advanced glycosylation products that are harmful to human health. This study investigated the effects of frying temperature (140, 150, 160, 170 and 180 ℃) and time (80, 100, 120, 140 and 160 s) on the quality, advanced glycation end product (AGE) level and the relationship between these parameters in batter-coated meat products were investigated. The results showed that with an increase in frying temperature and time, the moisture content of the batter-coated meat products gradually decreased, the thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance (TBARS) values and oil content increased to 0.37 and 21.7 %, respectively, and then decreased, and CML and CEL content increased to 7.30 and 4.86 mg/g, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the moisture content and absorbance at 420 nm, as well as TBARS values, were highly correlated with the oil content in batter-coated meat products. Additionally, the absorbance at 420 nm and TBARS levels were significantly correlated with AGE levels. Moreover, the AGE content in batter-coated meat products was less variable at lower frying temperatures or shorter frying times, and the influence of temperature on AGE formation was greater than that of time. Overall, these findings may help to better control the cooking conditions of batter-coated meat products based on AGE profiles.

Can tree leaves be used as an alternative source of synthetic antioxidants? Use of jujube leaf extract in laying hens.

This study was carried out to determine the antioxidant activity of jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) leaf extract (JLE) and to evaluate the effects of its use as an extract in laying hen diet (Nick Brown; 32 weeks old) on performance, egg quality and lipid peroxidation. A total of 4 groups (24 replicates/group), one control (JLE-0) and three experimental groups (JLE-1, JLE-2, JLE-3), were formed and the hens were individually distributed in cages. The groups were fed with 0, 45, 90 and 135 mg/kg extract, respectively. The total phenolic content of the extract was 118.60 g gallic acid aquivalent/kg (GAE/kg) and the IC50 value was determined as 332.01 as a result of the DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity assay. Performance parameters except for feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not affected by the extract in the diet. Compared to the control group, FCR decreased (p < 0.05) and feed conversion improved in all experimental groups. The linear effect was significant for egg production (EP) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, egg quality parameters except for the albumen index (AI), Haugh unit (HU), shell weight (SW), and shell thickness (ST) were not affected by the extract in the diet. The highest AI and HU were in the JLE-2 group (p < 0.05). Besides, SW was found to increase in all experimental groups (p < 0.001). The highest ST was in JLE-1 (p < 0.001). The addition of the extract was found to slow down lipid oxidation by decreasing Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive substances (TBARs) levels on days 0 and 28 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, JLE can be used as a natural extract in laying hen diets.