Thinking Research Articles

Implementation of Convergence (Cross-Sectoral) Action for the Acceleration of Stunting Reduction in Palopo City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Background: The global trend of stunting incidence has been declining from 2000 to 2022; however, the WHO still categorizes Indonesia as a country with a very high prevalence of stunting. A multisectoral and multi-stakeholder approach is one of the methods utilized in the National Action Plan for Accelerating Stunting Reduction. This study aims to analyze the implementation of convergence actions for accelerating stunting reduction in Palopo City. Methods: The study was conducted for 1 months in Palopo City. This study was a qualitative study with 14 informants from different regional government agencies (OPDs) involved in the Palopo City Stunting Reduction Task Force (TPPS). Data related to the implementation convergence action for Accelerating Stunting Reduction in Palopo City owere obtained through in-depth interviews. Qualitative data were processed by searching for keywords and then content analysis was conducted. Qualitative data analysis uses an inductive thinking process. Results: The study reveals that at the initial stage, each OPD recognizes the importance of cross-sectoral participation. However, challenges persist in the utilization of human resources and budgeting. The collaboration process requires improvements as planning, governance structure, and actor roles are not yet optimal, with some OPDs still lacking clarity on their roles. Leadership in Palopo City involves regulation and communication, yet some OPDs lack specific Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and regulations, though inter-agency communication is fairly effective. The outputs of stunting interventions focus on health, education, infrastructure, and social welfare, with some programs being directly integrated while others provide indirect support. Conclusion: The implementation of convergence actions for accelerating stunting reduction in Palopo City is not yet optimal, with primary challenges in the utilization of human resources and budgeting. The collaboration process, leadership, and program outputs still require improvement, particularly in planning, governance structure, and inter-agency communication.

Going Beyond Woodward and Hoffmann's Electrocyclizations and Cycloadditions: Sigmatropic Rearrangements.

On June 1, 1965, R. B. Woodward and Roald Hoffmann published their third communication in the Journal of the American Chemical Society in which they applied orbital symmetry control to explain the mechanism of a wide variety of valence isomerizations that they termed "sigmatropic reactions." This publication reveals the research trajectory taken by Hoffmann from which this portion of the no-mechanism problem was solved. Hoffmann used five different quantum chemical tools, all based on either extended Hückel theoretical calculations or frontier molecular orbital theory, in his research. Hoffmann's laboratory notebooks and his three draft manuscripts along with Woodward's four subsequent drafts have survived the past 59 years and provide an excellent window into the thinking and manuscript-writing processes used by these Nobel laureates in February-April 1965.

Transforming STEM Education with Design Thinking

This poster showcases the Technology-Enhanced Learning (TEL) pedagogy designed for a health discipline course at an Australian University. The use of the design thinking process for problem-based learning was implemented to enhance first-year students' creative and digital skills. Collaboration with the industry partners enabled an authentic learning experience. In the post-COVID era, students are more diverse, demanding, discerning, and inclined towards flexible learning to shape their educational experiences. To meet these evolving needs, we adhered to digital accessibility guidelines and Universal Design for Learning (UDL) principles, promoting inclusive education. A student-centric approach to TEL pedagogy is essential for delivering authentic and connected learning experiences (Ní Shé, 2022). In our health course, we designed interactive content using HTML5 Package (H5P) to create engaging learning materials and activities in health course modules. This included multiple-choice questions, interactive text, images, and videos, providing opportunities for students to answer questions, solve problems, and explore content knowledge. This also included formative feedback and opportunities for students to test their understanding. Additionally, design thinking was incorporated to allow students to test their understanding of the health applications, solve ‘wicked’ real-world problems and create human-centric solutions (Brenner et al., 2016). In a three-week course module, Week 1 presented an open-ended real-world problem, designed and developed in collaboration with an industry partner, to help students understand user needs and pain points. Later in the week, students defined the problem by narrowing the scope down and identifying characteristics of the user persona. In Week 2, students ideated multiple responses to the defined problem, utilising problem-solving skills and creativity (Jia, Jalaludin, & Rasul, 2023) to think critically and brainstorm the appropriate solutions using Miro, and then created a low-fidelity prototype to meet the user requirements. In Week 3, students applied their knowledge to test the solution against user needs, constructively aligned with the industry practices. Through the experience of design thinking to solve open-ended, real-world problems, we employed problem-solving learning pedagogy to develop an iterative process of group work (Dam?a & Wittek, 2020). Academics acted as facilitators rather than traditional lecturers, providing support and resources as needed, but allowing students to take the lead. Students took responsibility for their learning by collaborating to explore design thinking and refining their solutions as they gathered information and feedback from various sources, integrating their own disciplinary knowledge as jigsaw pieces (Calkins & Rivnary 2022). For the purpose of authentic assessment, we designed challenging activities that required students to apply design thinking in problem-solving. The assessment tasks focused on both the process and the final solution, as well as the reflective component, including self-assessment and peer assessment. Students increased their effort towards this problem-based assessment because it held more real-life relevance and allowed them to apply their knowledge and skills in practical contexts.

Croí: A Process for Core and Responsible Graphic Communication Design Education

Research has shown that addressing personal values and conviction is crucial for long-lasting Education for Sustainable Development. However, there is a shortage of theory and evidence-based value-focused processes in Graphic Communication Design Education literature. This article presents a novel personal value thinking and doing process called Croí (pronounced Cree) that can be used as a precursor to Education for Sustainable Development in Graphic Communication Design Education. Croí aims to stimulate sustainable transitions by disrupting behaviour development. Over five years, five rounds of Action Research were conducted with third-level educators and students to explore how Croí could facilitate value (or core) design, with the broad aim to encourage sustainable Graphic Communication Design. The initial Croí prototype developed over Cycles One and Two is briefly summarised, with focus on Cycles Three, Four, and Five, where Croí was further developed and evaluated. Data collection included researcher field notes, semi-structured interviews, and written reflections, analysed through Thematic Analysis. Key discussion points include fundamental process elements, Croí's impact on core thinking and doing and responsible thinking and doing, and its potential to facilitate behaviour development. The research concludes that Croí promotes core and responsible thinking and core doing, increasing the likelihood of responsible doing. It offers educators an innovative way to facilitate plural, practical, and core development for graphic communication design students, potentially influencing change in the profession. Croí is not a panacea for the complex issue of Sustainable Development, but it provides a novel and meaningful foundation for disrupting behaviour.

Implementing of College English Course Based on a Production-Oriented Approach Combined with a Critical Thinking Process to Enhance the English Writing Ability of Non-English Major Students at Xi’an University

Background and Aims: University foreign language education is crucial in China’s higher education, holding a significant role in promoting the development of students’ knowledge, abilities, and comprehensive qualities. College English, a compulsory foundational course for the majority of non-English majors, plays an irreplaceable role in talent cultivation. The purpose of this research was: (1) to compare students’ English writing ability before and after implementing a College English Course based on a production-oriented approach combined with a critical thinking process. (2) to compare the students’ satisfaction after implementing the College English Course based on a production-oriented approach combined with a critical thinking process with the criterion set at 3.51. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 non-English major first-year students (one class) from Xi’an University were investigated. They were derived from the cluster random sampling method. The research instruments were (1) a College English Course based on a production-oriented approach combined with a critical thinking process and its six lesson plans, (2) an English writing ability test paper with a reliability of 0.931, and (3) a student’ satisfaction questionnaire with a reliability of 0.792. Data were collected and analyzed by means, standard deviation, t-test for dependent samples, and t-test for one sample. Results: After implementing College English Course based on a production-oriented approach combined with a critical thinking process in the classroom, the research results were as follows: (1), the student’s English writing ability post-test scores (M=41.08, SD=4.41) were higher than the pretest scores (M=37.08, SD=4.46) at a statistical significance level of 0.05 (t=45.61, p<.05). (2) The students’ satisfaction (M=4.44, SD=0.63) with the College English Course based on a production-oriented approach combined with a critical thinking process was high level. Conclusion: The College English Course based on a production-oriented approach combined with a critical thinking process has a significant effect on enhancing the English writing ability of non-English major students at Xi’an University. Students are satisfied with the developed College English Course based on a production-oriented approach combined with a critical thinking process.

Bibliometric Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Studies in Computational Thinking

Computational thinking is an approach used to solve complex problems with basic skills such as decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction and algorithm design. Especially artificial intelligence and its sub-fields make significant contributions to the development of these skills. This study aims to evaluate the research in the field of artificial intelligence in the computational thinking process through bibliometric analysis. The data of the study were obtained from the Web of Science (WoS) database on May 1, 2024. The VOSviewer software program, which is frequently used in bibliometric analysis and can be used free of charge, was used to analyze the data obtained from the WoS database. Analyses using the data obtained from the WoS database enabled the analysis of research in this field in terms of countries, authors, co-authorship status, publication journals, publication years and keywords. The findings of the study show that Taiwan is the country with the highest number of studies in this field, while Spain is the country with the highest number of citations. Hooshyar, D and Hsu, T are among the authors who contributed to the most publications. Collaboration plays an important role in research and Lai, C stands out as the author with the most co-authorship. Education and Information Technologies and Kunstliche Intelligenz are among the journals where the most studies are published. As a result of the examination of the 5 most cited studies, it was determined that different research methods and participant groups were used, data collection tools varied and different data analysis methods were used. These studies provide a broad perspective on artificial intelligence studies in the field of computational thinking and make important contributions to the literature in this field.

Ancient Indian epistemology and modern cognitive science: Exploring vedic insights in contemporary thought processes

Background: This article explores the connections between the concept of anviksiki in Hindu philosophy and theories in cognitive science, and how these principles can be applied in modern education. Anviksiki, which focuses on critical thinking and deep reflection, is considered to have strong relevance to cognitive science concepts such as information processing, perception, and decision-making. Methods: The method used in this research is literature study and comparative analysis, by reviewing various literatures that discuss Hindu philosophy and cognitive science in depth. The analysis shows that anviksiki can provide an additional perspective in understanding how humans think and process information, especially in the context of moral and ethical reflection. Finding: In education, the principle of anviksiki that emphasises self-reflection and critical thinking can enrich students' learning process. This concept supports active learning methods that allow students to construct their own understanding, in a way that is in line with Piaget's theory of constructivism. In addition, cognitive science provides practical insights into information processing and memory, which can be used to design more effective teaching strategies. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study confirms that anviksiki can be integrated with cognitive science to create a holistic approach to education, which enriches intellectual, ethical and reflective aspects. By combining Hindu wisdom and cognitive science insights, education can support the development of balanced individuals, who are able to think critically and understand the moral consequences of their decisions. This research reveals that Anviksiki, as a philosophy of critical thinking in the Hindu tradition, has strong relevance to concepts in modern cognitive science, particularly in analytic approaches, logic, and deductive methods. Thus, the heritage of Hindu thought not only demonstrates traditional wisdom but also presents a philosophical foundation that supports contemporary cognitive exploration. Novelty/Originality of this article: This research offers a new perspective by bridging the ancient philosophy of Anviksiki with modern cognitive science, demonstrating the continuity of concepts in the critical thinking process involving logical analysis and deductive methods. It provides new insights in understanding the contribution of the Hindu tradition of thought to the development of cognitive theory today.

2022 초등학교 도덕과 교육과정에서 영역 명 ‘초월’ 삭제와 해당 ‘내용 요소’ 이동에 따라 고려되어야 할 배경 학문의 주요 개념에 대한 고찰

Objectives The purpose of this study is to understand and examine the representative concepts of background disciplines that need to be considered following the deletion of the domain name ‘Transcendence’ and the re-location of relevant ‘content elements’ in the elementary school moral education curriculum. Methods To this end, this study explored the educational implications following the deletion of the ‘Transcendence’ domain and the relocation of relevant ‘content elements’. It aimed to understand the concept of metacognition, based on psychology, and scientific reflection. Additionally, it investigated the qualitative perspective that should be integrated with scientific reflection from experiential theory and examined a new dimension of artistic approaches. Furthermore, the study sought to identify the concept of metaphysical transcendence in philosophy, a core background discipline of moral education. Results In the process of deleting the ‘Transcendence’ domain and relocating the relevant ‘content elements’, the concepts of metacognition and scientific reflection, which are key concepts in psychology and experiential theory, were emphasized. This allowed for an understanding of self-knowledge and regulation, as well as scientific think-ing processes. Additionally, by synthesizing qualitative thinking with the concept of scientific reflection from ex-periential theory, it was possible to explore the artistic level of experience emphasized by Dewey. Particularly, as a core background discipline of moral education, the philosophical meaning of transcendence was examined through Plato’s theory of Ideas and allegories, Kant’s transcendental philosophy of practical reason and autonomy, and Hegel’s dialectical movement in speculative philosophy. Conclusions In the elementary school moral education curriculum, there are key concepts from background dis-ciplines that need to be considered following the deletion of the domain name ‘Transcendence’ and the relocation of relevant ‘content elements’. Future research on this matter should consider discussing the significance of these underexplored major concepts to ensure a more comprehensive understanding.

Peculiarities of developing the cognitive-prognostic component of future teachers’ soft skills

Introduction. In the modern vocational education system, there is a significant shortage of highly qualified and competent teachers who are able to teach students effectively and prepare them for real professional challenges. Convergence in education and industries places new demands on vocational teacher education, who must have developed soft skills necessary for professional development. A new methodology and procedures for their formation at university is needed, which is an important research problem in the field of quality training of mid-level specialists for the modern labor market and ensuring the competitiveness of graduates. The purpose of the study is to identify the characteristic features of developing cognitive-prognostic component of future teachers’ soft skills. Materials and Methods. The study follows the creative-prognostic and personal-narrative approaches. Through theoretical methods, the essence, structure, and content of soft skills for vocational teachers were identified and described: the method of conceptual, terminological and comparative analysis, content analysis, discursive reflection, system analysis, and modeling. In order to test the effectiveness of cognitive-prognostic component of soft skills development, a number of empirical methods were used, in particular: observation, questioning, testing, expert assessment and statistical methods for processing the data. Results. The article discusses theoretical and technological aspects of soft skills development that ensure training of competitive mid-level professional for the labor market. In order to build the structure of future vocational teachers’ professionalism, the authors identified its functional components. Attention is focused on the new methodology and procedure of their formation at university, providing a predictive vision and a creative approach, i.e. combining the ideas of creativity and flexible forecasting in the uncertain world. The research significance is presented by the data obtained during analytical work, which made it possible to identify a number of essential structural components of future teachers’ professionalism. The analysis of modern research trends highlights the cognitive-prognostic component of soft skills as a significant one for further training of competitive mid-level professionals for the labor market, corresponding to current challenges, the development of technologies using digital resources and artificial intelligence. Conclusions. It has been found that the formation of future vocational teachers’ soft skills based on the use of innovative forms, methods and means of forecasting and creative management will improve the efficiency of the educational process at university and ensure further professional development. In order to ensure efficient preparation of future vocational teachers, it is necessary to develop teaching procedures for implementing the cognitive-prognostic component of soft skills, including lean thinking and project and process management. In conclusion, the authors emphasize the significant role of the cognitive-prognostic component of preparing competitive vocational teachers able to cope with modern challenges in the labor market.

Development of Worksheets for Immunomodulator Shared Decision-Making to Facilitate Patient-Clinician Communication: A Quality Improvement Project Employing Design Thinking Principles.

Shared decision-making (SDM) is a principle of humanistic, patient-centered health care within the field of rheumatology. However, clear communication between patients and their clinicians regarding the benefits and risks of immunomodulators may be challenging in a clinical setting. The design-thinking process is a human-centered approach to quality improvement that can help to identify insights to uphold high-quality communication. The development process adhered to the Stanford design thinking process framework, encompassing 5 stages: (1) empathize, (2) define, (3) ideate, (4) prototype, and (5) test. During the empathy stage, quality improvement members spent 4 hours immersed in the clinical setting observing how patients and clinicians engage in SDM conversations. These observations were augmented by unstructured debriefing sessions to better understand the needs and drivers of high-quality SDM. Following this, a rapid ideation workshop was convened to generate creative solutions. These led to rapid prototyping and testing, yielding a final product. The iterative design process identified 4 critical needs: (1) ensuring comprehensibility of materials, (2) upholding accuracy of information, (3) balancing standardization with individualization, and (4) promoting retention of knowledge. During the rapid ideation workshop, the concept of a Worksheet for Immunomodulator Shared Decision-Making (WISDM) was introduced and selected for further elaboration. This led to the creation of 5 prototypes for methotrexate, which were subsequently tested. These were reconciled and modified to make a final product. The WISDM template contains 7 elements that support SDM. Forty-five WISDMs were created for 23 immunomodulators. Further investigation will focus on how WISDMs exactly impact SDM.

Assessing Students’ Critical Thinking in Dialogue

Critical thinking has been widely considered an important skill in the 21st century. In view of the value attached to critical thinking, various quantitative instruments have been developed to assess critical thinking, which only provide a product of critical thinking and cannot reveal the critical thinking process of test takers. Hence, this paper proposes a coding scheme facilitating a qualitative analysis of critical thinking exhibited in interaction. The coding scheme consists of five categories of critical thinking skills, i.e., analysis, comparison, evaluation, inference, and synthesis, each of which is coded at low, medium, and high levels. The use of this coding scheme is then illustrated by applying it to authentic classroom dialogue. This coding scheme is hopefully conducive to the assessment of critical thinking in educational settings.

Perancangan Desain Karakter “Buyung dan Upik” Sebagai Upaya Mengajarkan Kesetaraan Gender Untuk Anak Usia Dini

This research aims to design attractive and educational character designs to teach the concept of gender equality to early childhood children. Character design is a pre-production stage in making of films or animated videos, games, comics, illustrated books, and other media as a means of education and information dissemination. Through the designed characters, children are invited to understand that every individual has the same rights and opportunities in every aspect of life, regardless of their gender. This can be taught from the family environment. One example is sharing roles in household chores. This research method uses a creative thinking process based on Wallas' theory, consisting of four stages: preparation, incubation, illumination, and verification. The designed characters are figures of sisters and brothers “Buyung and upik”who have different natures and characters but always share roles and work at home. The results of this study are expected to produce character designs that are not only attractive to early childhood children but also effective in conveying messages about gender equality.

Cohort-based programs facilitate skill development and community building for postdoctoral scholars: a pilot study

Postdoctoral scholars (“postdocs”) occupy a distinct academic stage and therefore have unique career and professional development needs. We aimed to explore whether a cohort-based program could promote skill development, support career preparation, and facilitate community building among postdocs at our institution. We applied the design thinking process, commonly used in engineering and industrial design, to create a 4-month long leadership and project management program. Pre- and post-surveys with Likert-scale questions measured participants' self-confidence in and self-assessment of competencies related to leadership and project management (e.g., creating an inclusive environment, developing a project charter). Fourteen postdocs from STEM and humanities disciplines participated in the pilot program. Matched responses from participants indicated an 82% positive shift in leadership self-confidence (n = 11) and a 56% positive shift in project management self-confidence (n = 9). Postdocs also showed a positive shift in all 12 competencies related to leadership (n = 11), and a positive shift in nine of 10 competencies related to project management (n = 9). In the optional open-ended questions provided in the surveys, postdocs articulated that the cohort created an environment to share experiences, safely practice new skills, and discuss their career goals. Applying the principles of design thinking to develop a cohort-based professional development program resulted in participant learning gains and their feedback suggests that the program supported a greater sense of belonging. Administrators could use our approach to innovate programming that meets the professional and personal needs of postdocs at their institution.

Design Thinking in Innovation Processes: A Market Segmentation Tool in Social Networks Research

This paper outlines the purposeful adaptation and utilization of the design thinking process in an innovation case involving market segmentation in social network research. Based on a case study, this paper combines the design thinking process with systems approach methods to foster innovation in social network analyses. The paper details the entire process, from the initial stages to the development of a viable solution defined in the final assignment for programmers. The case study emphasizes the effective use of systems thinking tools and demonstrates the value of combining these two approaches to meet the needs of the innovation process. The paper aims to narrate the entire process and highlight critical points in a real-world case study. The focus was on the challenge of creating a market segmentation tool for researchers and marketers in the realm of social network analysis.

AI-Human interaction: An overview

Artificial intelligence, a rather suitable machinery in today’s fast paced world. AI is a field of research in Computer Science that develops study methods and softwares that perceive or collect environmental data from their surroundings. We may not know it, but AI is a huge part of our lives now, and we interact with them on a daily basis. It may be one that performs one task repeatedly, like a washing machine, or another that performs multi tasks, such as computers and phones. This paper focuses on how human beings perceive AI, and how these systems are affecting our daily life style as well as our thinking process. What makes human beings different from other beings is the ability to dream, create and perform as well as feel. In today’s time, all I see are the various tools that are there to enhance our creativity to create something extraordinary. But perhaps these tools are also used in such a manner that users are feeling doubtful? In such a manner that the users are not ready to use their own imagination? A user who forgets how to socialise properly with real people? This paper is about how researchers can prioritise data collection and make predictions for the future we share with AI.

Empathising and Defining the Strategy Development Process Adoption of Industrial 4.0 in SMEs

The advent of Industry 4.0 has become an integral part of the manufacturing industry, playing a crucialrole in boosting competitiveness and enhancing productivity within companies. Small and MediumEnterprises (SMEs), which contribute significantly to the national economy, must inevitably embracethe adoption of Industry 4.0 technology. However, the implementation of this technology at the SMEfaces numerous obstacles. To address these challenges and facilitate the transformation to Industry4.0 in SMEs, this research aims to construct a comprehensive adoption strategy. Currently in itspreliminary stage, the strategy development process primarily involves identifying stakeholders, theirneeds, and the goals they aim to achieve. Design thinking, specifically the empathize and define phase,is employed as the methodological approach. The information utilized in this study originates fromsystematic literature reviews conducted using PRISMA. The analysis of the gathered data hasidentified several stakeholders, including government entities, IT experts, management personnel, andemployees. However, for the purpose of creating user personas, the focus is narrowed down tomanagement and employees. User personas are instrumental in understanding the goals and potentialobstacles faced by these individuals. The culmination of this stage is the formulation of a problemstatement, which will be further refined in subsequent phases of the design thinking process.

Developing a Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Plan for Organization's Strategic Objectives Using the Design Thinking Approach

The objective of this study was to develop a theoretical framework tailored for managers of small and medium-sized businesses, as well as project managers. Design thinking is human centered approach that involves stakeholders at different levels of its application in the development of innovations. Originally as an engineering method, it has been applied in diverse fields, including entrepreneurship. This paper presents an extended version of the double diamond framework used in design thinking. The double diamond framework was developed in 2005 as a graphical approach for achieving project design process. The author’s in-depth analysis of the model indicates that it can be applied to formulating business strategic objectives, a use case not previously discussed in the literature. Therefore, this paper aims contribute to the scientific body of knowledge by extending the double diamond model for strategic objective formulation. A normative conceptual methodology was used to develop this framework. The development of a monitoring and evaluation plan for businesses or projects, based on a traditional literature review methodology, illustrates how design thinking can offer a new perspective on these processes, helping to address key challenges. This paper demonstrates how each of the five stages in the design thinking process can be employed during the development of a monitoring and evaluation plan. Although this development process can be tedious and complicated, applying the design thinking approach can simplify and streamline it, ensuring active involvement from all stakeholders through the introduced extended framework. Recommendations for future research include applying the proposed extended framework in empirical studies involving large organizations. For practical implications, managers of small and medium businesses are encouraged to apply this model when developing strategies or incorporate it into project management to enhance the development of a project's monitoring and evaluation plan.

Sustainability analysis of building materials

Our analysis of the sustainability of building materials is often overly simplistic. When we think of sustainable materials, it's easy to think of wood, rattan, bamboo, or stone, which are grown in nature, taken from nature, and are undoubtedly renewable resources or renewable materials. However, it would be a dull stereotype to assume that these materials represent an analysis of sustainable materials in construction. Regardless of whether a particular material is suitable for all time and space environments, even if we reduce the consideration of design function, what is the relationship between the serious pollution caused by the huge amount of resources consumed by long-distance transportation over mountains and mountains and green design or sustainable design, not to mention that inappropriate materials may lead to a decline in the quality of the design product, shorten the service life of the design product, and bring more serious waste of resources. In conclusion, there is a lot to discuss about the sustainability of building materials. Green building space design and sustainable building materials analysis is a very complex topic that involves many aspects and the application of knowledge from many disciplines. The sustainability assessment of building materials can lead to at least the following topics: the choice of building materials themselves, building design methods, energy efficiency and the environmental impact of building design. The examples of materials we have just listed, such as wood, bamboo, rattan, are actually based on the perspective of the choice of the material itself, and it cannot be said that there is anything wrong with this, but this analysis is too narrow. This paper will comprehensively analyze and evaluate the sustainability of building materials in terms of material selection, design, utilization and environmental impact, and try to provide a more mature evaluation method or thinking process to assess the sustainability of building materials.

PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS SCAFFOLDING TERHADAP CARA BERPIKIR KREATIF SISWA KELAS VIII-2 SMP NEGERI 12 KOTA TANGGERANG SELATAN

ABSTRACT Learning requires a process, including when students learn something, it requires a process of creative thinking so that a teacher's assistance is needed by students. This research aims to see how the scaffolding-based learning process is applied to students' creative thinking, especially in subjects of Pancasila. The target of this research is class VIII-2 students at SMPN 12 South Tanggerang City, using a qualitative approach research method through the stages of observation, interviews, and documentation carried out by the researcher. From the results of this research, the application of scaffolding-based learning to students' creative thinking can be successful, said to be successful because, with scaffolding-based learning, students who previously did not know and could not finally know can do so with gradual assistance from educators gradually students can learn it independently and by themselves students can easily understand the learning material so that enable students to think more creatively.

Connector hubs in semantic network contribute to creative thinking.

Semantic memory offers a rich repository of raw materials (e.g., various concepts and connections between concepts) for creative thinking, represented as a semantic network. Similar to other networks, the semantic network exhibits a modular structure characterized by modules with dense internal connections and sparse connections between them. This organizational principle facilitates the routine storage and retrieval of information but may impede creativity. The present study investigated the effect of hub concepts with varying connection patterns on creative thinking from the perspective of a modular structured semantic network. By analyzing a large-scale semantic network, connector hubs (C-hubs) and provincial hubs (P-hubs) were identified based on their intra- and intermodule connections. These hubs were used as cue words in the alternative uses task, a widely used measure of creative thinking. Across four experiments, behavioral and neural evidence indicated that C-hubs facilitate the generation of more novel and remote ideas compared to P-hubs. However, this effect is predominantly observed in the early stage of the creative thinking process, involving changes in brain activation and functional connectivity in core regions of the default mode network and the frontoparietal network, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, angular gyrus, and precuneus. Neural findings suggest that the superior performance of C-hubs relies on stronger interactions between automatic spreading activation, controlled semantic retrieval, and attentional regulation of salient information. These results provide insight into how concepts with varying semantic connection patterns facilitate and constrain different stages of the creative thinking process through the modular structure of semantic network. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).