Dynamic Thinking Research Articles

Dynamics of Thought in the Fiqh of Civilization Halaqah at Pesantren Affiliated with Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) in Yogyakarta

This paper explains the dynamics of thought in the Halaqah Fikih Peradaban (Fiqh of Civilization Halaqah, HFP) at pesantren (Islamic boarding school) ideologically affiliated with NU. The spirit of fiqh contextualization developed in the Fiqh of Civilization Halaqah is a key idea of PBNU in initiating civilization fiqh as a new approach to understanding and studying Islamic heritage. This paper elaborates on two aspects. First, why PBNU initiated the Fiqh of Civilization Halaqah and how the dynamics of thought occur within it. Second, how pesantren affiliated with NU discuss one of the main focuses of the Fiqh of Civilization Halaqah related to nationality and statehood. The authors use the theory of Islamic Law Sociology to explain the reciprocal relationship between the socio-religious topics discussed in the Fiqh of Civilization Halaqah and the dynamic and critical way of thinking. This paper uses qualitative research. The primary data was obtained through interviews with several sources and five caretakers who conducted the Fiqh of Civilization Halaqah in five pesantrens. Supporting data was obtained from documents and other news sources that review the Fiqh of Civilization Halaqah. The research results show that the reason for the Fiqh of Civilization Halaqah initiated by PBNU is to create a discourse space for contextualizing progressive fiqh understanding and developing a dynamic way of thinking. Through this approach, fiqh can be used as an inclusive perspective in understanding social change and the development of the times. This study also shows that the theme of nationality and statehood (fiqh siyāsah) discussed in the Fiqh of Civilization Halaqah in five Pondok Pesantren (Islamic boarding school) promotes dynamic and progressive thinking while critiquing fiqh siyāsah studies limited to the khilāfah. This attitude aligns with the spirit of civilization fiqh initiated by PBNU, which emphasizes a dialectical perspective in studying Islamic heritage.

Dynamics of Thought and Paradigm in Islamic Education Research with Bibliometric Analysis

This research conducts a comprehensive examination of the dynamics of thought and paradigm in Islamic education research through a mixed-methods approach, combining bibliometric analysis with qualitative content analysis. The study investigates the landscape, trends, and impact of scholarly discourse within the domain of Islamic education, aiming to elucidate patterns of publication, thematic orientations, and intellectual influences. Through bibliometric analysis, key citation metrics are presented, showcasing the significant scholarly impact and productivity within the field. Furthermore, the identification of top cited research papers provides insights into seminal contributions that have shaped the discourse on Islamic education. Visualizations such as network, overlay, and density maps offer nuanced understandings of research themes, temporal trends, and potential areas for future inquiry. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of Islamic education scholarship, offering valuable insights for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners seeking to navigate the complexities of the field and foster positive change in educational practice and policy.

The Ideological and Political Education Model of College Students Based on Probability Theory and Statistics

Abstract This article uses the theory of probability and statistics to evaluate the thinking dynamics of college students to understand the psychological state of college students. First, the paper uses a web crawler to crawl and analyze the official micro articles. Using the method of probability statistics and the K-mean clustering method, we can understand the psychological state of college students in real time. The results of this experiment show that the current hot topics can be obtained within a certain period by using the statistical method of vocabulary display and clustering. The purpose of this paper is to propose corresponding countermeasures and approaches for the ideological and political work of college graduates. This model has a positive effect on cultivating college students’ values and ways of thinking.

Psychology of Thinking in Search of Human Dimension: A Systemic and Anthropological View

The psychology of thinking needs to expand its subject area in order to match the psychology of human existence. The processual and complicated life world of a person is an integral ontological space of thinking, in the context of which problematization and mental search unfold. The author believes that life relations and existential mood should be regarded as operational, dynamic, subject-thematic, and stylistic aspects of thinking. Acts and events of thought of a holistically understood personality cannot be separated from their active thinking relationship with the Self and the world. The great dynamics of thinking includes transtemporal and chronotopic aspects of the ongoing mental experience and the topology of cognitive identity. New promising directions for further theoretical and experimental research in the psychology of thinking can be implemented in line with systemic anthropological psychology.

Теоретико-методологические основания включения концепта "когитальная идентичность" в понятийный аппарат постнеклассической психологии мышления

In modern psychological discourse there is an increase in anthropologically oriented concepts and methodological tools that contribute to the comprehension of multidimensional human existence in a rapidly becoming more complex and changing world. The conceptosphere of post-non-classical psychology is replenished with interdisciplinary concepts and metaphors necessary to comprehend the multilevel dynamics of the human life world. The relevance of this work is determined by the need to comprehend the phenomenon of actualization by a person in his own thinking of stable subject-thematic dominants and the embodiment of his own motivational and semantic intentions in it. At the level of the target setting, this requires a reasonable introduction of the concept of “cognitive identity” into the conceptual and conceptual apparatus of the anthropologically oriented psychology of thinking. This concept, from the point of view of the author, will allow “shedding light” on the existential dynamics of thinking, which includes transtemporal, chronotopic aspects of a person's ongoing mental experience and the topology of his cogital individuation. The study of this dynamics is a promising area for the development of the psychology of thinking, since it opens up opportunities for finding correspondences and principles for synchronizing the existential and cognitive planes of thinking. The author believes that the disclosure and description of the phenomenology of cogital identity will make it possible to combine such properties of a person's mental experience as transtemporality, chronotopicity, multidimensionality and personification. This will make it possible to comprehend the phenomenon of the selective sensitivity of a thinking person to certain mental dilemmas and contradictions, his ability to constitute a personal anthology of thinking, to overcome the dispersion of the ongoing history of thinking into many discrete episodes of the empirical subject's mental activity. Cogital identity is considered as an integral psychological formation, thanks to which synchrony, synarchy of the transects of thinking and the transects of identity are possible. The article reveals the dialectic of the processes of authentication and self-transcendence, which constitutes the central drama of the formation of a person's cogital identity: on the one hand, a person authenticates himself as a carrier of stable, cross-cutting thematic and motivational-semantic dominants, cognition, takes root in the corresponding noematic space; on the other hand, he reveals a readiness for decentration and self-transformation in alternative or subsequent series of thinking, overcomes the boundaries of the actual mental space specified by the existing cognitive schemes and attitudes.

Creativity and Authorship in Historical Novels: A Comparative Analysis of Affifudin Omar's Tun Perak Paduka Raja and Langit Kresna Hariadi's Gajah Mada Makar Dharmaputra

Generally, the production of historical novels demands the author to adhere to accuracy of facts in the effort to convey his story. However, as a literary work, elements related to creativity and authorship are inevitable to ensure that the work produced is able to attract the attention of readers. Indeed, every author possesses their own creativity and authorship in producing historical novels. Therefore, this study is a comparative analysis of creativity and authorship in the historical novels of Affifudin Omar from Malaysia and Langit Kresna Hariadi from Indonesia. The historical novels selected for this study are Tun Perak Paduka Raja (2017) and Gajah Mada Makar Dharmaputra (2012). This study employs Kristeva’s (1980) principles of intertextuality to assess the writers’ creativity and authorship in transmuting traditional literary texts into historical novels. This will highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the two authors. This study is significant in that it reveals the dynamics of thinking of writers of historical novels from the Malay Archipelago.

Сучасні тренди в процесах добору персоналу в нових соціоекономічних умовах

A generalization of changes and challenges formed by the novel socio-economic reality allowed to systematize trends in hiring of personnel, in processes and methods of recruitment in the context of pandemic restrictions and increasing digitalization. Among these trends are the following: use of artificial intelligence and robots; automation of processes; use of aggregation; use of social networks; application of HR analytics; the consequently wider use of freelance; simultaneous work with generations XYZ; focus on employee experience (EX), etc. These changes affect the competence model of a recruitment specialist, in which traditional competencies are supplemented with new, they become updated and acquire new features. In the pandemic conditions flexibility, adaptability and stress resistance are being activated. Along with this, general psychological competence remains relevant, which involves the use of appropriate methods and instruments in remote work; the role of emotional intelligence increases. The new socio-economic reality also requires the ability to find and implement innovative solutions, to perform related functions – promote the employer’s brand, attend the processes of onboarding and adaptation of newly accepted employees in the context of remote work or hybrid labor regimes during pandemic restrictions. In conditions of remote and mixed modes of work, the role of the ability of a recruitment specialist to maintain high productivity, compliance with optimal time, ensuring the result at optimal costs grows. The developed analytical abilities and dynamics of thinking, communicative competence in new conditions, ability to independently organize working day, work environment and recruitment processes, compliance with work-life balance also become key competencies. Accordingly, the role of a recruitment specialist today cannot be boiled down only to the search, selection, involvement of candidates, but is also supplemented by related functions and requires the use of a wide range of personal competencies. In modern conditions, a recruitment specialist should also combine the roles of HR for freelancers, a leader in the formation of new positions, an agent for collecting HR data, a HR for generations XYZ, a leader of well-being-oriented staff management, etc.

Decision-making in cognitive paradoxes with contextuality and quantum formalism

Contextuality in human cognition can be defined as the existence of thoughts that are locally consistent and globally inconsistent. Absence of contextuality in the representational theories that are used for modelling cognitive processes results in inconsistencies between expected and actual decisions. These inconsistencies are usually regarded as paradoxes. However, recent literature reports that the quantum formalism is successful in explaining these paradoxes. In this article, we show the remarkable connection between contextuality, cognitive paradoxes and quantum formalism with a focus on decision-making. In this regard, we first analyse the paradoxes of human cognition from contextuality perspective as they share the pattern of local consistency and global inconsistency. This analysis is carried out using the proposed two-step contextuality analysis framework using the theories such as contextuality-by-Default and State Context Property formalism. Subsequently, this analysis provides an understanding on the dynamics of thoughts that has led to the paradoxical decisions which varies from the theoretical decisions. On the other hand, the success of quantum approach to cognitive paradoxes is due to their support for contextuality which is facilitated by the natural quantum characteristics. In this regard, we also narrate on how natural quantum characteristics facilitate contextuality with an example on decision-making. As a result, this article brings out the importance of contextuality in cognitive paradoxes and quantum formalism. Inferences obtained from this analysis emphasize on how and why quantum formalism is suitable for cognitive paradoxes. Our contribution stands out from the literature due to its comprehensive nature.

Reading Problems: Literacy and the Dynamics of Thought

Abstract In this article, we address the problem of predication, or the problem of connecting conceptual predicates to the sets of properties and attributes that correspond to these predicates. We take as our starting point Mark Wilson’s work, especially “Predicate meets Property,” and add to it a metaphysics of problems that one finds in the work of Gilles Deleuze. This enables us to understand the relationship between a predicate and the set of properties in terms of the relationship between a solution to a problem. The advantage of this approach is that it helps to illuminate the key issues involved in contemporary work on human reasoning. We sketch some of these advantages by looking to recent work on literacy and how literacy affects the capacity to engage in formal reasoning.

Creativity, information, and consciousness: The information dynamics of thinking

This paper presents a theory of the basic operation of mind, Information Dynamics of Thinking, which is intended for computational implementation and thence empirical testing. It is based on the information theory of Shannon, and treats the mind/brain as an information processing organ that aims to be information-efficient, in that it predicts its world, so as to use information efficiently, and regularly re-represents it, so as to store information efficiently. The theory is presented in context of a background review of various research areas that impinge upon its development. Consequences of the theory and testable hypotheses arising from it are discussed.

Thinking dynamics and individual differences: Mouse-tracking analysis of the denominator neglect task

AbstractMost decision-making models describing individual differences in heuristics and biases tasks build on the assumption that reasoners produce a first incorrect answer in a quick, automatic way which they may or may not override later and that the advantage of high capacity reasoners arises from this late correction mechanism. To investigate this assumption, we developed a mouse-tracking analysis technique to capture individuals’ first answers and subsequent thinking dynamics. Across two denominator neglect task experiments, we observed that individuals initially move the mouse cursor towards the correct answer option in a substantial number of cases suggesting that reasoners may not always produce an incorrect answer first. Furthermore, we observed that, compared to low capacity reasoners, high capacity individuals revise their first answer more frequently if it is incorrect and make fewer changes if it is correct. However, we did not find evidence that high capacity individuals produce correct initial answers more frequently. Consistent with the predictions of previous decision-making models, these results suggest that in the denominator neglect task the capacity-normativity relationship arises after the initial response is formulated. The present work demonstrates how the analysis of mouse trajectories can be utilized to investigate individual differences in decision-making and help us better apprehend the dynamics of thinking behind decision biases.

Linking Neural and Symbolic Representation and Processing of Conceptual Structures.

We compare and discuss representations in two cognitive architectures aimed at representing and processing complex conceptual (sentence-like) structures. First is the Neural Blackboard Architecture (NBA), which aims to account for representation and processing of complex and combinatorial conceptual structures in the brain. Second is IDyOT (Information Dynamics of Thinking), which derives sentence-like structures by learning statistical sequential regularities over a suitable corpus. Although IDyOT is designed at a level more abstract than the neural, so it is a model of cognitive function, rather than neural processing, there are strong similarities between the composite structures developed in IDyOT and the NBA. We hypothesize that these similarities form the basis of a combined architecture in which the individual strengths of each architecture are integrated. We outline and discuss the characteristics of this combined architecture, emphasizing the representation and processing of conceptual structures.

Cognition in Design Management. At the Intersection of Conceptual Innovation and Design Thinking

Design thinking has been a growing topic over the past years in management literature. The novelty brought by this approach to managing innovation processes is not simply due to an enriched set of phases and principles, but it rests on the way innovation opportunities are framed through design. We suggest that the design thinking approach helps to deal with an inner and deeper level of each innovation process, that is the conceptual one. Counterintuitively, we argue, that this process of conceptual innovation starts much earlier than the “concept generation phase” already enucleated within the design thinking process. Drawing on most recent contributions on the cognitive nature of innovation processes, the paper aims at investigating the conceptual innovation mechanisms that are at play in design thinking dynamics. Through a multiple case study of three iconic design innovations in Italy, that revolutionized the way a scooter, a moka or a shop was conceived, and gave rise to a new generation of products and concept shops, we have identified the three phases of the design thinking in each innovation process and detected the mechanisms of conceptual innovation operating in each of them.

Dinamika pemikiran Islam Indonesia dalam perspektif epistemologi fiqh dan kontribusinya bagi peneguhan semangat kebangsaan dan keindonesiaan

This paper will examine the epistemology of Islamic jurisprudence from the perspective of which the dynamics of Islamic thought since the beginning of independence era until the reform era is understood. Through the three aspects of epistemology, i.e. Bayānī, Ta’līlī, and Istiṣlāḥi, the author tries to analyze the different ways of view and the characteristics of thoughts between each group in expressing their Islamic thinking. It found out that the diversity of thoughts which go along with the dynamics of Islamic thinking has also an impact on the construction of strengthening nationality and Indonesia-ness.
 
 Keywords: Dynamics of Thought, Epistemology of Fiqh, Indonesia-ness
 
 Surat Keterangan Penulis

Entraining IDyOT: Timing in the Information Dynamics of Thinking.

We present a novel hypothetical account of entrainment in music and language, in context of the Information Dynamics of Thinking model, IDyOT. The extended model affords an alternative view of entrainment, and its companion term, pulse, from earlier accounts. The model is based on hierarchical, statistical prediction, modeling expectations of both what an event will be and when it will happen. As such, it constitutes a kind of predictive coding, with a particular novel hypothetical implementation. Here, we focus on the model's mechanism for predicting when a perceptual event will happen, given an existing sequence of past events, which may be musical or linguistic. We propose a range of tests to validate or falsify the model, at various different levels of abstraction, and argue that computational modeling in general, and this model in particular, can offer a means of providing limited but useful evidence for evolutionary hypotheses.

Promoting Postformal Thinking In A U.S. History Survey Course: A Problem-Based Approach

This article presents a problem-based learning (PBL) model for teaching a college U.S. history survey course (U.S. history since 1890) designed to promote postformal thinking skills and identify and explain thinking systems inherent in adult complex problem-solving. We also present the results of a study in which the outcomes of the PBL model were compared to the outcomes of the same course taught with traditional lecture and discussion. The PBL model was more effective in scaffolding learning so that students recognize and practice postformal thinking dynamics and in facilitating self-reported student perceptions of increased course engagement and content relevance. We offer recommendations for implementing PBL in social science survey courses.

„Duch Páně je nade mnou.“ Základní prvky teologie a praxe duchovního vedení

The article introduces spiritual direction in relation to the mystery of the Trinity. Based on the existing terminology (direction, fatherhood and support), it distinguishes three basic dimensions of spiritual direction, defined according to their relation to the three divine Persons. It concerns the charisma of direction, discernment and fatherhood, which enables the Holy Spirit to work via spiritual director on the guided in order to become the follower of Jesus Christ in a more radical way, to resemble Christ and to be united with him. The relation with the persons of God determines also the requirements to the guided person (modesty, trust and good judgement) and to the director (knowledge, experience and prudence). This theological concept is complemented with anthropological observations: the author offers his own model for spiritual direction (with the personal and temporal structure of human being, the instances of censor and mirror and the dynamics of thoughts and Word), suggests the interaction between the guide and the guided and criticises the itineraries of spiritual development.

Intentional thought dynamics during exercise performed until volitional exhaustion

Using a non-linear approach, intentional dynamics of thoughts were examined during constant cycling performed until volitional exhaustion. Participants (n = 12) completed two sessions at 80% Wmax. Their (1) intrinsic thought dynamics (i.e., no-imposed thoughts condition) and (2) intentional thought dynamics (i.e., imposed task-unrelated thoughts condition; TUT) were recorded and then classified into four categories: internal and external TUT (TUT-I, TUT-E) and external and internal task-related thoughts (TRT-E, TRT-I). The probability estimates for maintaining each thought category stable, the rate of switching from one category to another, and the entropy dynamics along the testing procedure were assessed and compared through time phase. Friedman ANOVA tests revealed a significant effect of effort increase on thought contents only in the imposed TUT test. While TUT-I probabilities decreased significantly (P < .001) as effort increased, TRT-I probabilities increased (P < .05). Moreover, the entropy to the entire thought dynamics increased at the outset of task performance and decreased upon approaching volitional exhaustion (P < .001). As time spent in constant effort increased, and volitional exhaustion approached, task relatedness (TUT, TRT), direction (internal, external), and entropy of thought contents changed unintentionally providing further evidence for a nonlinear dynamics of attention focus.

An Essay on Understanding the Mind

Several conjectures by A. S. Iberall on life and mind are used as a backdrop to sketch a theory of mental activity that respects both the contents of thought and the dynamics of thinking. The dynamics, in this case, refers fundamentally to animated, meaningfully coupled self-organizing processes (coordination dynamics) and exhibit multistability, switching, and, because of symmetry breaking, metastability. The interplay of 2 simultaneously acting forces underlies the metastable mind: the tendency for the coordinating elements to couple together (integration) and the tendency for the elements to express their individual autonomy (segregation). Metrics for metastability are introduced that enable these cooperative and competitive tendencies to be quantified. Whereas bistability is the basis for polarized, either/or thinking, the metastable régime—which contains neither stable nor unstable states, no states at all, in fact—gives rise to a far more fluid, complementary mode of operation in which it is possible for apparent contraries to coexist in the mind at the same time.

Teachers’ Identity, Self and the Process of Learning

In this paper we try, by drawing on some insights from practical knowledge, to bridge a gap between common conceptions of teaching on the one hand, and of learning on the other. In Western traditions of educational thought and discourse, practical knowledge—i.e. the dynamics of thinking, speaking, acting, and personal writing—is frequently separated from disciplinary knowledge: i.e. the knowledge of academic disciplines. But this separation often fails to recognize an inherent dialectic in teaching and learning. Through fresh explorations of human capacities to act and think, to speak and write, we try to illuminate different aspects of a teacher’s identity, including the teacher’s individuality and the teacher as an agent of an educational institution. The teacher has to present and represent knowledge in education, both as an agent of an institution and as a person. By examining the disclosure and transformation of the self in light of understandings of identity as sameness (i.e. that which doesn’t change with time), or as selfhood (i.e. that which is confronted by successive challenges), we hope to draw some productive conclusions about the teacher’s self-understanding as the source for personal learning in education. We aim to explore the importance of transformation of the teachers’ self for the quality of learning relationships between the teacher and the always Other student.