Things Change Research Articles

Domestic politics and the formation of international environmental agreements

We investigate the effect of domestic politics on international environmental policy by incorporating into a classic stage game of coalition formation the phenomenon of lobbying by special-interest groups. In doing so, we contribute to the theory of international environmental agreements, which has overwhelmingly assumed that governments make decisions based on a single set of public-interest motivations. Our results suggest that lobbying on emissions may affect the size of the stable coalition in counterintuitive ways. In particular, a powerful business lobby may increase the government's incentives to sign an agreement, by providing it with strong bargaining power with respect to that lobby at the emission stage. This would result in lower total emissions when the number of countries involved is not too large. We also show that things change radically when lobbying bears directly on the membership decisions, suggesting that both the object and timing of lobbying matter for the way in which membership decisions, emissions and welfare are affected.

2016 ACR Presidential Address: Things Change: Patient- and Family-Centered Care

2016 ACR Presidential Address: Things Change: Patient- and Family-Centered Care

Time without Rate

There is a lingering objection to the idea of the passage of time. Roughly speaking, the argument runs as follows: (i) if time passes, its passage must occur at some rate, but (ii) there is no such rate; hence, the passage of time is a myth. While some philosophers try to reject premise (ii), I wish to challenge the first premise by arguing that time may pass with or without a rate. My argument addresses two cases, one that identifies the passage of time with changes in things and one that does not. I call the former view ‘the Priorian passage theory’, and the latter view ‘the pure passage theory’. I argue that each dynamic view of time is immune to the rate argument. Further, I suggest a possible extension of the Priorian passage theory, in which the passage of time is identified with the pure persistence of things.

While Some Things Change, Some Things Stay The Same: Reflections on the Study of Gentrification

While Some Things Change, Some Things Stay The Same: Reflections on the Study of Gentrification

Africa and international humanitarian law: The more things change, the more they stay the same

AbstractAfrica, both on the inter-State level and the academic level, maintains a very low profile in the global debate on international humanitarian law (IHL). IHL issues do not feature prominently in the armed conflict debate within Africa, and African States and people do not significantly participate in the global IHL debate. This contribution is aimed at both identifying the reasons for this lack of regional engagement with IHL and identifying entry points for such engagement. It also ambitiously calls for ongoing and engaged focus on IHL in Africa, and to this end, a number of issues for future consideration can be extrapolated from the issues discussed.

The More Things Change … Developments in German Practices towards Asylum Seekers and Recognised Refugees

In recent decades Germany has passed laws expanding the rights of existing labour migrants and formalising channels for new economic migration, heralding for many a turn in the country's approach to immigration. Is this gradual shift towards greater acceptance reflected in Germany's treatment of asylum seekers? The 2005 Immigration Act added new grounds for asylum, and has been cited to suggest an affirmative answer, and a 2014 Asylum Compromise expanded the rights of asylum seekers. More extensive analysis of refugee migration trends and recent attitudes and laws shows, however, that Germany has maintained a deterrent-based approach to asylum seekers and continued to increase restrictions. Laws have also weakened the boundary between recognised refugees and asylum seekers, long held in law and public opinion. Some restrictive policies are limited by domestic and EU court cases and local implementation. In a time of historically large refugee flows, Germany is actively developing new policies and practices to reduce the numbers of asylum seekers. The solution to resolving the challenge of asylum may, however, be outside the ability of any one country.

MOVIMIENTO, ESPACIO Y LENGUAJE EN CIUDAD DE CRISTAL DE PAUL AUSTER

The aim of this article is to show how in Paul Auster’s novel City of Glass, an approach to singularity through language takes place. Nevertheless, this adjustment between words and things fails because of the constant movement and change of things, resulting in failure of the perfect adjustment between the singular and language, turning the language into silence. We think that this is confirmed in the behaviour of two of this novel’s characters (Peter Stillman senior and Quinn the detective), whose only alternative and escape consists of merging with the city, transforming the space into a new linguistic articulation.

The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same: Thirty Years of Fetal Monitoring in Perspective.

Thirty years ago, the inaugural issue of The Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing was published and the entire perinatal portion of the journal was devoted to electronic fetal monitoring (EFM). This article provides a historical perspective on EFM in perinatal care since the 1980s by exploring the similarities and differences of the state of the science presented in that first issue. Both EFM and intermittent auscultation are discussed.

Trends in the scientific program of the Americas Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association (AHPBA) Annual Meeting over the past decade: the more things change, the more they stay the same

BackgroundNumerous clinical and basic science innovations have been presented at the AHPBA. The objective was to define changes in content and methodology of the scientific program over the past decade. MethodsAHPBA abstracts from the past 10-years were reviewed by 2 investigators (volume, content, origin, methodology). ResultsOf 2194 total AHPBA abstracts (2005–2015), the volume per year decreased over time (2005 = 283; 2015 = 177; p < 0.05). Contribution from the United States increased (USA = 65% (41–76%); p < 0.05). Topic categories were consistent across years (liver = 38% (30–46%), pancreas = 29% (27–48%), biliary = 13% (5–16%); p > 0.05). Amongst liver topics, primary tumors increased in volume (13% (8–18%)). Colorectal metastases were stable (19% (15–28%)) but more frequent than primary hepatic tumors overall (p < 0.05). Amongst pancreas topics, cancer and cysts increased significantly (30% (18–39%) and 4% (0–5%) respectively). While transplantation topics decreased (7% (3–12%), education abstracts increased (1% (0–3%; p < 0.05). Retrospective methodology was consistent amongst 83% (75–91%) of abstracts despite a decrease in prospective studies (9% (3–17%; p < 0.05). Basic science (11% (4–15%)) topics decreased, while large registry/database (9% (0–23%)) abstracts increased (p < 0.05). DiscussionAbstracts related to primary hepatic tumors, pancreatic cancer, pancreatic cystic neoplasms, and education have increased over the past decade of the AHPBA. The decrease in prospective methodology combined with few randomized trials remains concerning.

First Thoughts on a New Era for JACM.

First Thoughts on a New Era for JACM.

The more things change, the more they stay the same? When is trait variability important for stability of ecosystem function in a changing environment.

The importance of intraspecific trait variability for community dynamics and ecosystem functioning has been underappreciated. There are theoretical reasons for predicting that species that differ in intraspecific trait variability will also differ in their effects on ecosystem functioning, particularly in variable environments. We discuss whether species with greater trait variability are likely to exhibit greater temporal stability in their population dynamics, and under which conditions this might lead to stability in ecosystem functioning. Resolving this requires us to consider several questions. First, are species with high levels of variation for one trait equally variable in others? In particular, is variability in response and effects traits typically correlated? Second, what is the relative contribution of local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity to trait variability? If local adaptation dominates, then stability in function requires one of two conditions: (i) individuals of appropriate phenotypes present in the environment at high enough frequencies to allow for populations to respond rapidly to the changing environment, and (ii) high levels of dispersal and gene flow. While we currently lack sufficient information on the causes and distribution of variability in functional traits, filling in these key data gaps should increase our ability to predict how changing biodiversity will alter ecosystem functioning.

The more things change, the more things stay the same: maternal attitudes 3 to 18 months postpartum.

Becoming a parent precipitates changes in new mothers' psychological and social domains. Previous literature has focused exclusively on pregnancy and the early postpartum, but parenting is an evolving process, necessitating adaption to changing circumstances. We extended previous literature and investigate the changes in the postpartum from 3 to 18 months that occur in maternal attitudes. Using the Childbearing Attitudes Questionnaire, we collected data on mothers' ratings of maternal worries, self-efficacy, mother-infant bonding, relationship with the partner and interest in sex (n = 171 women). Data were analysed with a latent growth curve. Results demonstrated stability in all maternal attitudes after 3 months postpartum. Further, different maternal attitudes are affected by different variables. Maternal worries and self-efficacy are associated with parity, postpartum depression and child temperament. Interestingly, a negative evaluation of the relationship with the partner was only associated with breastfeeding status, while interest in sex was associated with parity, socio-economic status (SES) and depressive symptoms. Despite general stability, different maternal attitudes related to different sets of variables. These patterns of attitudes in relation to relevant variables are discussed in terms of the literature on self-efficacy and gender roles, with important implications for clinical interventions.

ERCP tissue sampling

ERCP tissue sampling

The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same

The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same

The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same

The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same

The More Things Change the More They Stay the Same: The Future of Residential Segregation in America

The More Things Change the More They Stay the Same: The Future of Residential Segregation in America

Mental Illness in America’s Jails Also Made Headlines 50 Years Ago

Mental Illness in America’s Jails Also Made Headlines 50 Years Ago

Curriculum reform: the more things change, the more they stay the same?

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Os índios, a catequese e a civilização no Amazonas (1845-1898): entre o fracasso e a resistência

In this article we will discuss some important aspects of how gave up Catechesis policy and Civilization of the Indians in the Amazon. Even in the colonial period, the Empire of Brazil, published the Decree No. 426 of July 24, 1845, known as the Regulation of the missions, which would dictate how he should give up with the indigenous then. This legislation continued during the colony, the whole empire. With the establishment of the Republic in Brazil, many things change and many remain, example is that in the state of Amazonas comes a pioneer at the dawn of the Decree Republic No. 248 of May 28, 1898, proposing innovations in the catechesis and civilization service. However, the Indian resists, and this is a timeless challenge to all politicians.

The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same: Excavating Race and the Enduring Racisms in U.S. Curriculum

Drawing from Omi and Winant's (1994) racial formation theory and Holt's (1995) theory of race marking, in this chapter, we explore the context of race and curriculum for African Americans during post-Reconstruction and the post-civil rights era. Our inquiry focused on the racial discourses located in two sources of curricula knowledge: children's literature and U.S. history textbooks. In this analysis, we illustrate how the presence of race aligned with ideological beliefs about race that were prevalent in the wider societal discourse. We argue that the histories of race have maintained a permanent, enduring place in U.S. curriculum. While morphing in content and appearance, formations of race remained entrenched and pervasive, thus reflecting the condition we characterize as the enduring racisms of U.S. curriculum.