Thin Strip Research Articles

Timing and evolution of structures within the southeastern Greater Caucasus and Kura Fold-Thrust Belt from multiproxy sediment provenance records

The Greater Caucasus (GC) mountains are the locus of post-Pliocene shortening within the northcentral Arabia-Eurasia collision. Although recent low-temperature thermochronology constrains the timing of orogen formation, the evolution of major structures remains enigmatic—particularly regarding the internal kinematics within this young orogen and the associated Kura Fold-Thrust Belt (KFTB), which flanks its southeastern margin. Here we use a multiproxy provenance analysis to investigate the tectonic history of both the southeastern GC and KFTB by presenting new data from a suite of sandstone samples from the KFTB, including sandstone petrography, whole-rock geochemistry, and detrital zircon (DZ) U-Pb geochronology. To define source terranes for these sediments, we integrate additional new whole-rock geochemical analyses with published DZ results and geological mapping. Our analysis reveals an apparent discrepancy in up-section changes in provenance from the different methods. Sandstone petrography and geochemistry both indicate a systematic up-section evolution from a volcanic and/or volcaniclastic source, presently exposed as a thin strip along the southeastern GC, to what appears similar to an interior GC source. Contrastingly, DZ geochronology suggests less up-section change. We interpret this apparent discrepancy to reflect the onset of sediment recycling within the KFTB, with the exhumation, weathering, and erosion of early thrust sheets in the KFTB resulting in the selective weathering of unstable mineral species that define the volcaniclastic source but left DZ signatures unmodified. Using the timing of sediment recycling and changes in grain size together as proxies for structural initiation of the central KFTB implies that the thrust belt initiated nearly synchronously along strike at ~2.0–2.2 Ma.

Fabrication and Characterisation of Oral Fast-Dissolving Film of Metoprolol Succinate

Introduction: Oral, fast-dissolving films are an excellent alternative. The purpose of adopting the solvent casting approach was to create a compelling oral film. Methodology: HPMC E15 and sodium alginate polymers were chosen based on their compatibility. The produced films were evaluated in terms of organoleptic characteristics, weight, thickness, folding durability, tensile strength, drug content homogeneity, surface pH, disintegration time, and in-vitro dissolution kinetics. Results: Among the formulations, F2 had a disintegration time of 14.2 seconds and a phenomenal drug release of 98% in 5 minutes. As a result, formulation F2 emerged as the best option, demonstrating promising qualities for effective drug delivery. Conclusion: These films are made of thin strips and are easily applied to the tongue or oral mucosal tissue. When they come into contact with saliva, they quickly hydrate and attach, resulting in rapid medicine administration. Fast-dissolving oral films are an excellent alternative for patients who have difficulty swallowing traditional drugs, such as pediatric, geriatric, bedridden, or developmentally impaired people. These films are made of thin strips and are easily applied to the tongue or oral mucosal tissue. When they come into contact with saliva, they quickly hydrate and attach, resulting in rapid medicine administration. other: Nil

Generalisation of the hydrodynamics model method for hot and cold strip rolling application

The present work constitutes a generalization of the hydrodynamic model used to predict the pressures and the rolling speeds during the hot rolling of aluminum and copper strips. The hydrodynamic model with a linear behavior (Newton viscous) of the materials shows good predictions in the literature but its applicability is questionable in non-linear cases, when the materials exhibit viscoplastic or plastic behavior. This work extends the model to accommodate non-linear cases commonly encountered in rolling models (viscoplastic and plastic behaviors). The obtained results are in good agreement with experimental data from the literature. The validated model can, therefore, be considered an enhanced hydrodynamic model for predicting pressures and velocities during both hot and cold rolling of thin strips.

On the refined boundary condition at the edge of a thin elastic strip supported by a Winkler-type foundation under antiplane shear deformation

The derivation of the boundary conditions is the most challenging part of the asymptotic techniques underlying low-dimensional models for thin elastic structures. At the moment, these techniques do not take into consideration the effect of the environment, e.g., a Winkler foundation, when tackling boundary conditions, and have to be amended. In this paper as an example we consider an antiplane problem for a thin elastic strip contacting with a relatively compliant Winkler foundation. Refined boundary conditions at an edge loaded by prescribed stresses are established using a properly adjusted Saint-Venant’s principle. They appear to be useful for advanced structure modelling including analysis of the static equilibrium under self-equilibrated loading.

TLS noise reduction in microwave kinetic inductance detectors using a parallel plate capacitor with a three-layer dielectric

<p>Over the past two decades, microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) have gained exceptional importance in millimeter and sub-millimeter astronomy. MKIDs consist of thin strip resonators capable of detecting changes in the surface impedance of superconductor strips, which result from variations in resonance circuit properties. The principal noise in MKIDs comprises excess frequency noise and two-level system noise. In this paper, we propose a technique to mitigate the effect of two-level system (TLS) noise in MKIDs using a parallel plate capacitor with three layers of high ε dielectrics. To achieve this, we employ three layers of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, HfO<sub>2</sub>, and TiO<sub>2</sub> with equal thickness between the capacitor plates. The experimental results demonstrate a nearly 30% reduction in TLS power spectral density.<strong></strong></p>

Tailored Casting and Hot Rolling Temperatures for the Preparation of Hot Stamping Steel Thin Strip

Tailored Casting and Hot Rolling Temperatures for the Preparation of Hot Stamping Steel Thin Strip

Morphological Changes in Tissue When Using Polypropylene Implants with Adsorbed Multipotent Stromal Cells in Experiment.

The subcutaneous tissue of rats after implantation of polypropylene materials with adsorbed bone marrow-derived mesenchymal multipotent stromal cells (MMSCs) was studied using light microscopy. Inflammation in response to implantation was mild, and the foreign material was encapsulated into a thin strip of dense fibrous connective tissue with multinucleated macrophages. By 1 year after introduction of the monofilament and 6 and 12 months after implantation of the mesh product, some threads were deformed, broken, and had sharp edges. Small fragments of foreign material appeared in the adjacent tissues surrounded by their own relatively thick acellular capsule. As a result of preliminary adsorption of MMSCs on polypropylene, the thickness of the connective tissue capsule decreased, its vascularization increased, and the severity of inflammatory infiltration decreased. However, all effects of MMSCs adsorption in rats were transient and disappeared within 1 week.

Interpenetrating LiB/Li3BN2 phases enabling stable composite lithium metal anode

Host-less lithium metal anode generally suffers from large volume changes and serious dendrite growth during cycling, which poses challenges for its practical application. Interpenetrating phase composites with continuous architectures offer a solution to enhance mechanical properties of materials. Herein, a robust composite Li anode (LBN) material is fabricated through the metallurgical reaction between Li and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) with the formation of interpenetrating LiB/Li3BN2 phases. As LiB fibers are anchored by Li3BN2 granules, the collapse and slippage of LiB fibers are suppressed whilst the mechanical strength and structural stability of LBN are reinforced. By rolling, ultrathin (15 μm), freestanding, and electrochemically stable LBN foil can be obtained. The LBN anode exhibits a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.69% (1 mA cm−2, 3 mAh cm−2) and a long lifespan of 2500 h (1 mA cm−2, 1 mAh cm−2). Notably, the LiCoO2 (with double-sided load 40 mg cm−2)|LBN pouch cell can operate over 450 cycles with a capacity retention of 90.1%. The exceptional cycling stability of LBN can be ascribed to the interpenetrating reinforcement architectures and synergistic electronic/ionic conductivity of the LiB/Li3BN2 dual-lithiophilic-phases. This work provides a new methodology for thin Li strip processing and reinforced-architecture design, with implications beyond battery applications.

Tablets (Du) and Passages (Zhang): the Material Conditions for the Formation of Early Short Passage Texts

Abstract Several studies have addressed the question of whether the people of early China wrote with thin bamboo strips held in their hands or whether they wrote with the support of flat desks. However, scholars have not addressed the distinction between jian (bamboo strips) and larger du (wooden tablets) in everyday writing. In early China, tablets would be held in the hand to write, while strips would be laid flat on a writing desk. Tablets were the main medium of everyday writing during the period spanning the pre-Qin and Western and Eastern Han dynasties. In the drafting of various literary texts, taking court records, and taking classroom notes, tablets were the primary writing medium. Among written materials from before the Western Han dynasty, duan zhang (short passages) were the most common style of writing, and most texts were composed of short passages. Among the early Chinese manuscripts that have been unearthed, short passages are also very common. However, almost no one has raised the question of why a documentary system dominated by short passages was formed in the pre-Qin and Western and Eastern Han dynasties period. The number of characters that a writing tablet can accommodate essentially coincides with the number of characters in short passages in early Chinese manuscripts. In view of its wide use, I propose that the formation of the short passage form was potentially influenced by the material writing medium of the tablet.

Real-time coloration control of gallium-based strips through cold rolling.

Cold rolling has been used as a real-time surface oxidation control method to create colored strips on flexible substrates. By controlling the extrusion rate in real time, a variety of colored strips have been fabricated on Ga-based liquid metal (LM) strips. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis shows that the surfaces of the colored strips, which were obtained through extrusion rate control of LM-Al, consist primarily of metal oxide composites, including Ga2O3, Ga2O, Al2O3, SnO2, and In2O3. The colors of the strip surfaces are directly correlated with the oxide film thickness. Additionally, these cold-rolled colored thin strips demonstrate high conductivity and have significant potential for use as conductive flexible components with indicator functions in the flexible electronics realm.

Effects of SiC/ZrO2 ratio on the key service performance of BN-ZrO2-SiC composites

BN-ZrO2-SiC composites have excellent comprehensive performance, which can be used in iron and steel metallurgy, such as side dams for thin strip continuous casting. In this paper, the influence of SiC/ZrO2 ratio on the structure and properties for BN-ZrO2-SiC composites was investigated, and the atmosphere used for corrosion tests was more closely to the real usage situation. The results show that with the increase of SiC/ZrO2 ratio, the thermal shock resistance of BN-ZrO2-SiC composites increases, as well as the corrosion resistance by molten steel decrease. When the SiC/ZrO2 ratio is 35:15, the BN-ZrO2-SiC composites present the best comprehensive performance, and its hardness and modulus of elasticity are higher than those of other samples, which are 165.8 MPa and 101.9 GPa, respectively.

Smartphone-based and non-invasive sleep stage identification system with piezo-capacitive sensors

A non-invasive, wireless, smartphone-based electronic measurement system for sleep stage identification is presented in this work. Ballistocardiograph signals are collected by two piezo-capacitive thin film strips located on the mattress base. Suitable analog conditioning circuits and digital pre-processing techniques are applied to obtain the heart and breathing rates (HR, BR), and an activity index (ACT) related to the body movements during the sleep. An initial calibration stage is proposed where analog signal amplification is fitted to each subject, from which activity index is derived. Features considered for machine learning classifications were the mentioned data and the time variabilities of HR and BR represented by the features R(k) and B(k), respectively. Support Vector Machine (SVM) and K-Nearest-Neighbour (KNN) classifiers are employed in both flat and hierarchical classification scenarios for Wake – Non Rapid Eye Movement – Rapid Eye Movement (WAKE/NREM/REM) sleep stage identification. Twelve healthy subjects were recorded with the developed system using a polysomnograph (PSG) as reference data. When compared with PSG, the presented system achieved an average accuracy of 69 % using only three features: R(k), B(k), and ACT, highlighting an 88.2 % recall for NREM stage identification. These findings suggest that accounting only for time variability features and activity, satisfactory results can be provided as a complementary alternative for sleep stage identification, with a smartphone-based electronic system designed as an affordable, versatile, and simple tool for household applications.

Integration of 3D printing with acoustic-assisted assembly of nanomaterials for tunable strain sensors

This study reports a novel methodology for the development of tunable strain sensors by leveraging 3D printing for structural designs and nanomaterial assembly for functional layer coating. We utilized material extrusion (MEX) to print sensor substrates using composite ink of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and silica nanoparticles. MEX allows us to create a non-uniform strain distribution of the sensor substrate by designing alternating wide and thin strips with different mechanical properties along the stretching direction. Then, we assembled nanometer-thick graphene flakes on the surface of the substrate using an acoustic-assisted dip-coating method to construct strain sensors. The graphene network on the narrow strips will experience large deformation leading to significantly increased resistance. By fixing the width of wide strips and tailoring the width ratio of the wide strip over narrow strips (r), the gauge factor can be controlled from 8.53 (r = 1:1) to 33.15 (r = 16:1). Also, by printing the narrow strips with softer PDMS, the sensitivity of the sensor can be further increased. The research pioneers the integration of 3D printing and nanomaterial assembly for strain sensors. More importantly, it paves the way for the generic design of flexible electronics and other hybrid systems of polymer and nanomaterials.

Quad-port 28/38 GHz Antenna with Isolation Improvement for 5G Wireless Networks

A 28/38 GHz quad-port cross-shaped antenna printed on a 0.203 mm Roger RO4003 substrate is designed and fabricated for 5G networks. The antenna consists of a rectangular patch radiator with three triangle slots to enhance the antenna's impedance matching. The four elements are arranged in a cross-shaped layout to achieve the desired compactness of 29 mm × 24.2 mm × 0.203 mm. A thin parasitic strip is inserted between the second and fourth elements to enhance the port isolation. The designed antenna is simulated by utilizing the CST simulator. The antenna achieved S11 < -10 dB at 28 / 38 GHz, with isolation ≥ 20 dB. Furthermore, the E- and H-planes within the anechoic chamber are evaluated to validate the MIMO antenna radiation patterns and gain. The MIMO parameters are calculated, simulated, tested, and its outcomes are under the standard level which confirms the MIMO diversity feature. The ECC of the structure is < 0.001, the DG ≥ 9.95 dB. and the CCL was ≤ 0.2 bit/s/Hz across the dual working band.

Composite manufacturing of metal porous thin strip with metal wire mesh and powder

Porous metal materials are applied in various industries, among which powder rolling is the most widely used process for preparing porous metal materials. Then, metal porous materials prepared solely from powder as raw materials have the disadvantage of low mechanical properties, while wire mesh as reinforcement can effectively improve tensile strength. The preparation process of wire mesh powder composite is complex and requires the addition of adhesives. In this article, the mechanical properties of thin metal strips prepared by powder and wire mesh composite vertical rolling were much higher than those prepared by pure powder. Moreover, this thin strip had porous characteristics, and the preparation process was simple and easy to promote. This research could provide a reference for the powder metallurgy field, especially for the preparation of metal porous materials by vertical rolling.

Hydrostatic approximation and optimal convergence rate for the Second-Grade fluid system

This paper is devoted to the study of the Second-Grade fluid system from three aspects. Firstly, we establish the well-posedness of the scaled anisotropic Second-Grade fluid system and the hydrostatic Second-Grade fluid system in a thin strip R×T with convex Gevrey-2 initial data. Secondly, we justify the limit from the anisotropic Second-Grade fluid system to the hydrostatic Second-Grade fluid system. Finally, we prove that the hydrostatic Second-Grade fluid system will converge to the hydrostatic Navier–Stokes system as material parameter goes to zero.

Investigation on tribological properties of high-velocity air fuel spraying WC–Cr3C2–Ni coating on the surface of continuous casting crystallization rollers

To overcome the wear problem of the substrate of thin-strip continuous casting crystallization rollers and improve economic efficiency, high-velocity air fuel (HVAF) technology was used to deposit WC–Cr3C2–Ni wear-resistant coatings on the surface of the crystallization rollers. The existing performance and wear condition of curved WC–Cr3C2–Ni coatings during continuous casting were investigated by the ring-block wear system. The experimental results showed that the WC–Cr3C2–Ni coating with a thickness of 300 μm effectively reduced the coefficient of friction (by 16.4 %) and the wear rate (by 82.5 %) on the surface of the crystallization roller and significantly reduced the roughness of the wear interface (by 71.2 %), which provided reliable protection for the substrate. The results of high-temperature (200 °C) wear tests showed that the WC–Cr3C2–Ni coating deposited via HVAF protected the substrate in actual long-cycle production and exhibited an excellent resistance to the emergence and expansion of failure cracks. This study provided a theoretical basis for the selection and preparation of surface coatings for thin strip continuous casting crystallization rollers.

UTILIZATION RED DRAGON FRUIT PEEL (HYLOCEREUS POLYRHIZUS) ETHANOL EXTRACT IN ORAL THIN FILM STRIP AS A MOUTH FRESHENER

Objective: The aim of this study was to formulate an oral thin film strip (OTFS) contained the red dragon fruit peel (RDFP) ethanol extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) and evaluate the characteristic, stability and antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Methods: The film was made using the solvent casting method by adding a variety of concentration ethanol extract of red dragon fruit peel (5%, 10%, and 15%). The films were evaluated in organoleptic test, weight, thickness, pH, disintegration time, folding endurance, stability test and antibacterial activity. Results: The results showed that the film provided a distinctive color, aroma, and taste of the extract. The result of film evaluation had weight between 0.07-0.21 g, thickness between 0.10-0.20 mm, pH between 5.70-5.99, disintegration time between 34.99-49.13 s, and folding endurance between 321.00-812.83 times. The films were stable for 2 mo at a variety storage temperature (4±2 ℃, 28±2 ℃, and 40±2 ℃). The films showed antibacterial activity for 5%, 10% and 15% with the diameter of inhibition 8.5 mm, 10.8 mm, and 12.9 mm, respectively. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of RDFP can be utilized as a mouth freshener film that is stable for 2 mo and has antibacterial activity against S. mutans.

Using Shelf‐Edge Transport Composition and Sensitivity Experiments to Understand Processes Driving Sea Level on the Northwest European Shelf

AbstractVariability in ocean currents, temperature and salinity drive dynamic sea level (DSL) variability on the Northwest European Shelf (NWES). It is dominated by mass variations, with steric signals relatively small. A mechanistic explanation of how ocean dynamics relates to the mass component of NWES sea level variability is required. We use regional ocean model experiments to isolate sources of variability and then investigate the effect on monthly to‐interannual DSL variability together with the simulated momentum budgets along the shelfbreak. Regional (local) wind and non‐regional (remote) forcing are important on the NWES. For the local wind forcing, the net mass flux onto the shelf, which drives a shelf‐mean mode of DSL variability, results from a combination of surface Ekman, bottom Ekman and geostrophic flows and explains 73% of the variance in transport across the shelf‐edge. The geostrophic flow is closely related to wind stress with a flow about half that of surface Ekman transport but in the opposite direction. For the remotely forced mass‐flux across the shelf‐edge, the geostrophic component explains 62% of the variance and bottom friction plays an important indirect role. The remotely forced variability, while relatively spatially uniform, is more important for explaining DSL variance over the western NWES. This mode of variability is sensitive to signals propagating northward via a thin strip of the southern boundary near the Portuguese coast, consistent with coastal trapped wave signals. It also appears to drive steric height in the Bay of Biscay, which is related to DSL on the shelf.

Impacts of Meat preservation on public health and economy

The meat preservation has positive effect on economy due to it prolongs the shelf life of the meat and also improve public health due to inhibition growth of microorganisms. In meat preservation Methods there is different methods that are being used for meat preservation. Since the man started to utilize the meat, he started to preserve it for later uses. Means of meat preservation that are used for meat preservation as meat Drying, meat Canning, meat Smoking, meat Freezing, meat Chilling, meat Curing, meat Salting, meat Fermentation and meat Pickling and meat Irradiation. Meat drying is the oldest meat preservation method that is still being used. Meat drying is also known as dehydration. Bacteria and enzymes only multiply at a certain level of moisture content, in meat drying we reduce the moisture content to 10-20% by weight and hence the enzyme remain inactivated. In the past meat was dried by sun meat drying method but now oven and dehydrators in practice. Now it’s easy to dry the meat at home with the help of stove and oven. By process, firstly, cut the meat into thin narrow meat strips then boil meat strips at high temperature that’s the bacteria could be killed, after boiling for 5-10 minutes’ bake in the oven. Through this method of meat preservation we can preserve meat for 1-2 months in the air tight containers.