Thin Needle Research Articles

The first cataract extraction operations

Abstract.The first written record of cataract surgery dates back to 2250 BC, when King Hammurabi of Babylon created a law regarding the outcome of cataract surgery. The first detailed description of cataract surgery was written by an Indian ophthalmologist Maharishi Sushruta in the sixth century BC. Sushruta performed the first couching - reclining operations. "Couching" means that the blurred lens is embedded in the vitreous, or fundus of the eye. At that time, because the scientists had no idea about the structure of the lens and the pathogenesis of the cataract, they believed that the cataract was a membrane in the pupil area and tried to cut it. They wanted to enter the anterior camera with a sharp instrument and tear the "membrane". In the 10th century AD, the Iraqian ophthalmologist Ammar Al-Mawsili began using a new method in cataract surgery - the "suction" method. Ammar Al-Mawsili was the first to say that cataract is blurring of the lens. Ammar ibn Ali Al-Mawsili first invented a hollow thin metal needles with sharp points for syringes. Through that needle, Ammar entered the eye through the sclera behind the limbus and suctioned out the contents of the soft cataract. These operations performed by Ammar Al-Mawsili are considered to be the first successful extraction operations in the history of ophthalmology. In 1748, Jacques Daviel made a right-sided widely corneal incision, passed through the pupil with a small spatula, and extracted the lens from the posterior chamber. CONCLUSION. Cataract extraction, that is, operations based on removing the clouded lens from the eye rather than destroying it inside the eye, was first performed by Ammar ibn Ali Al-Mosuli. Today's cataract surgery is based on Jacques Daviell's extraction technique. But as modern ophthalmology advances, the ultimate goal of ophthalmic surgeons is to reduce the size of the incision for removing the cloudy lens to the size of a needle tip. This means that cataract surgery has progressed from the Daviel technique to the Ammar technique.

Natural convection and heat transfer of micropolar hybrid nanofluid over horizontal, inclined and vertical thin needle with power-law varying boundary heating conditions

The current investigation may be utilized significantly in the modern industrial technologies to provide better cooling environment in the outer surface as well as micro scale level such as blood transportation, lubrication, wind velocity measurement, wire coating, and aerodynamics etc. The present problem explores the various aspects of natural convection flow and heat transfer of micropolar hybrid nanofluid. The fluid flow is taken for horizontal, inclined and vertical positions of moving thin needle under quadratic thermal radiation effects. The governing equations are non-dimensionalized by using relevant similarity transformations. BVP4C in MATLAB use these equations to obtain the required solutions. These solutions help in analysing the important aspects of the flow i.e., velocity, microrotation, temperature, skin friction and Nusselt number profiles for different parameters utilizing graphical representation. From these results we observe that velocity of the fluid velocity has been declined with rise in magnetic parameter. The reverse trend is the result for temperature profile in response to Sundry radiation parameter. Further, heat transfer rate is intensified at all positions of moving thin needle subject to power law variation of surface heat flux than power law variation of wall temperature.

Importance of quadratus lumborum muscle trigger point injection and prolotherapy technique for lower back and buttock pain.

Low back pain is a heterogeneous disease. Myofascial pain and enthesopathy of the quadratus lumborum muscle are important causes of lower back and/or buttock pain. However, a concrete, safe, and effective injection technique for the treatment of trigger points and enthesopathy in the quadratus lumborum muscle has not yet been developed. We aimed to evaluate the importance of the quadratus lumborum muscle and introduce an effective landmark-based blind injection technique for treating quadratus lumborum trigger points and enthesopathy. Adult patients (n = 17) with lower back and/or buttock pain were placed in the lateral decubitus position. Next, we delicately palpated the quadratus lumborum muscle to accurately locate its lesions, including trigger points, taut bands, and tendon lesions, after five key landmarks had been identified. A newly designed 60-90-mm, 28G thin hypodermic needle was inserted at the tender points. The needle was typically advanced until its tip touched the transverse process to treat myofascial trigger points and tendon lesions in the iliolumbar and lumbocostal fibers, excluding superficial trigger points of the iliocostal fibers. Subsequently, lidocaine (0.5%) or a mixture of lidocaine (0.5%) and dextrose (12.5-15%) was injected. The pretreatment visual analog scale score for all 17 patients decreased from ≥4-8/10 (mean 5.588) to 0-1/10 (mean 0.294) after completion of all treatments. The total number of treatments was one to four in acute and subacute cases and two to eight in chronic cases. The mean follow-up period was 73.5 days (treatment period: range, 4 to 43 days + at least 60 days of follow-up). Herein, we describe for the first time a landmark-based integrated injection technique for the treatment of trigger points and myofascial pain in the quadratus lumborum; this technique is safe, effective, and can be used with or without steroids, fluoroscopy, or ultrasound guidance.

NIR Light-Mediated Photocuring of Adhesive Hydrogels for Noninvasive Tissue Repair via Upconversion Optogenesis.

The surgical treatments of injured soft tissues lead to further injury due to the use of sutures or the surgical routes, which need to be large enough to insert biomaterials for repair. In contrast, the use of low viscosity photopolymerizable hydrogels that can be inserted with thin needles represents a less traumatic treatment and would therefore reduce the severity of iatrogenic injury. However, the delivery of light to solidify the inserted hydrogel precursor requires a direct access to it, which is mostly invasive. To circumvent this limitation, we investigate the approach of curing the hydrogel located behind biological tissues by sending near-infrared (NIR) light through the latter, as this spectral region has the largest transmittance in biological tissues. Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) are incorporated in the hydrogel precursor to convert NIR transmitted through the tissues into blue light to trigger the photopolymerization. We investigated the photopolymerization process of an adhesive hydrogel placed behind a soft tissue. Bulk polymerization was achieved with local radiation of the adhesive hydrogel through a focused light system. Thus, unlike the common methods for uniform illumination, adhesion formation was achieved with local micrometer-sized radiation of the bulky hydrogel through a gradient photopolymerization phenomenon. Nanoindentation and upright microscope analysis confirmed that the proposed approach for indirect curing of hydrogels below the tissue is a gradient photopolymerization phenomenon. Moreover, we found that the hydrogel mechanical and adhesive properties can be modulated by playing with different parameters of the system such as the NIR light power and the UCNP concentration. The proposed photopolymerization of adhesive hydrogels below the tissue opens the prospect of a minimally invasive surgical treatment of injured soft tissues.

Soret and Dufour influences on forced convection of Cross radiative nanofluid flowing via a thin movable needle

The main feature of the current investigation is to analyze the magnetohydrodynamic mixed convection flow of Cross fluid. Flow is due to a movable thin needle with Soret and Dufour effect. Heat generation/absorption and nonlinear heat radiation are used in the energy equation. Characteristics of the chemical reaction and thermal activation are given special attention. Appropriate variables are introduced for the transformation of partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations. With the assistance of Runge–Kutta Fehlberg's fourth- fifth-order method with the shooting technique, we determined the prominent result numerically. The prominent examined parameters range is velocity and temperature ratios, heat generation, Dufour, Hartmann, Schmidt numbers (0.1le{{lambda}},{{{theta}}}_{{{w}}},{{Q}},{{{D}}}_{{{u}}},boldsymbol{ }{{M}},{{S}}{{c}}le 0.7), needle thickness (0le {{a}}le 15), radiative parameter (5le {{R}}{{d}}le 8), and Weissenberg number (0.01le {{W}}{{e}}le 0.09), respectively. Graphs for velocity, thermal, concentration, Skin friction coefficient, and heat and mass transport rates are displayed and analyzed for physical parameters. A similar observation of mixed convection and needle thickness parameter is seen on the velocity field. Temperature and heat transfer rate are reverse behavior in the frame of the Dufour effect. Moreover, an enhancement in chemical reaction shows decay to the concentration field.

AN EPISODE OF ANGIOEDEMA TRIGGERED BY DRY NEEDLING

<h3>Introduction</h3> Angioedema is a life-threatening disorder caused by extravasation of fluid into subcutaneous tissues often in the head and neck. No prior report describes angioedema after dry needling, a procedure often performed by trained physical therapists in which a thin needle without injectate is inserted into myofascial trigger points to reduce neuromuscular pain. We present a case of angioedema occurring after dry needling. <h3>Case Description</h3> A 45-year-old woman with a medical history notable for well-controlled chronic urticaria and no known food or drug allergies underwent routine dry needling into her neck and trapezius. That night, she developed progressive right sided facial and mucosal swelling without pruritis or urticaria. She sought medical care and received injectable epinephrine, antihistamines, and glucocorticoids. Her symptoms improved over the following days. Her subsequent laboratory work-up included normal complement levels, C1 esterase inhibitor level and function, and negative food-specific IgE panel. She was diagnosed with angioedema and instructed to avoid further dry needling sessions. She has had no subsequent episode of angioedema. <h3>Discussion</h3> No prior case report describes dry needling precipitating angioedema. In this case, the individual had no urticaria and did not respond immediately to injectable epinephrine. She had no other evident triggers or history of angioedema. Her laboratory work-up was unrevealing. The angioedema was likely triggered by local trauma caused by dry needling. Clinicians should be aware of dry needling as a possible traumatic trigger for patients at risk for angioedema.

Acupuncture driven depression treatment: a noninvasive approach with acupuncture and oriental medication

In this article and memorandum, authors are presenting a short review of acupuncture as a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) as driving factor and as a Complementary and Alternative Medical (CAM) therapy as a noninvasive treatment of depression by influencing QI as vital energy that circulates through the body all time. This therapy or treatment in general, is involves inserting thin needles into the skin of patient at very specific points on the body to stimulate the central nervous system. Practitioners of acupuncture technique are firmly ae believing that a QI deficiency is linked to spleen and that rest and eating certain foods can treat the imbalance. According to TCM, QI energy is an invisible energy that is a vital energy, which determines a person’s health and it flows through a network of 12 major energy meridians or pathways. The authors in this short review are investigating how acupuncture can influence this invisible energy in support of balancing neutrons and perceptrons waves within brain by synchronizing them, which enhance and improves reduction of depression within a patient as a noninvasive approach.

The Benefits of Integrative Medicine in the Management of Chronic Pain: A Review.

Chronic pain is a debilitating condition that affects many individuals throughout their daily lives. While it is common to treat chronic pain with pharmaceutical treatments, an approach that has also shown great benefits is the use of integrative medicine, such as massage therapy, osteopathic and spinal manipulation, acupuncture, and yoga. The keywords "integrative medicine," "pain," "chronic pain," and "pain management" with the use of the Boolean operators "AND," "OR," and "NOT" were used to identify relevant studies discussing the effectiveness of alternative medicine in the treatment of chronic pain. Massage therapy uses different forms of pressing, rubbing, and moving of muscles and other soft tissues, and has shown short-term benefits for chronic pain relief. Osteopathic and spinal manipulation is mainly used in treating muscles, tendons, and bone pain due to worn-out joints, torn ligaments, and more. Acupuncture involves penetrating the skin with thin needles which are activated through gentle and specific movements. According to our review, acupuncture and massage therapy are effective for short-term treatment, lasting three to five months for chronic pain. Yoga involves various physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines that have shown beneficial results in the treatment of chronic pain. Combining yoga with physical therapy has shown significant benefits. This review aims to describe the benefits and uses of integrative medicine in the treatment of chronic pain.

Hydrothermal stagnation point flow of Carreau nanofluid over a moving thin needle with non-linear Navier's slip and cubic autocatalytic chemical reactions in Darcy-Forchheimer medium

The present analysis deals with the hydrothermal and stagnation point flow of non-Newtonian fluid characterized by Carreau model over a moving thin needle. Darcy-Forchheimer medium is introduced. Homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions are involved in the flow model. Non-linear Navier's slip condition is taken into account. Buongiorno model is adopted. The present hydrothermal flow model is useful in many complex industrial processes. The required numerical solution is obtained by 4th order Runge Kutta method along with shooting technique. The some remarkable outcomes of the current study are that axial velocity whittles down with rise in Weissenberg number and exhibits reverse trend in response to increase in non-linear slip parameter. Amplification of homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction parameters leads to diminution of nanoparticles concentration. Surface viscous drag intensify due to increment in Forchheimer number and heat transfer rate ameliorates with hike in Weissenberg number for both power law behavior (shear thinning and shear thickening) of Carreau nanofluid.

Convective thermal conditions and the thermophoretic effect's impacts on a hybrid nanofluid over a moving thin needle

AbstractThis research focuses on the heat source/sink, chemical reaction, and thermophoretic particle deposition in the influence of hybrid nanofluid over a moving thin needle subjected to a magnetic field. Using the appropriate transformations, a group of nonlinear partial differential equations may be converted to ordinary differential equations. Additionally, with the aid of computational software, the RKF‐45 approach is used for the numerical assessment, as well as the shooting operation. It should be mentioned that the results' approval demonstrates a strong association with the previous findings. The resulting graphs mainly explain the fundamental characteristics of hybrid nanofluids and nanofluids, as well as the consequences of different restrictions. An increase in needle size enhances the velocity profile, temperature profile, and concentration profile. The radial and axial velocity profiles are reduced when the magnetic constraint is increased, whereas the thermal and concentration patterns are reversed. Improved heat source‐sink as well as Biot number values will enhance the thermal profile. The concentration profiles will decrease due to reaction rate restrictions and thermophoretic limits. The inclusion of solid volume fraction reduces surface drag forces while increasing the rate of mass transfer. In most circumstances, hybrid nanofluid plays a prominent role than nanofluid.

Can Artificial Intelligence Help?

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the fifth most common malignant tumor in women worldwide and the most common cancer in women younger than 25 years. Fortunately, the first is that the prognosis is excellent compared to other malignant tumors. The second is that an invasive procedure is not required for its diagnosis, so early diagnosis is possible. After observing the thyroid gland under the thin skin in the front of the neck with ultrasound sonography, the cells are collected by piercing the area suspected of cancer with a thin needle, called a fine-needle aspiration (FNA).

Application of Exponential Temperature Dependent Viscosity Model for Fluid Flow over a Moving or Stationary Slender Surface

The problem of laminar flow around a moving thin needle or slender surface with free stream velocity is analyzed when viscosity is supposed to have an exponential temperature dependency. Additionally, the temperature dependence in thermal conductivity is retained. Consideration of variable viscosity and thermal conductivity makes the governing equations coupled and non-linear. A self-similar solution of the problem is achieved, which depends on a parameter θw, which is the quotient of wall and ambient temperatures. A comparison of present findings is made with those of inversely linear temperature-dependent viscosity and constant viscosity cases. The size of the needle plays an important part in enhancing thermal boundary layer thickness. The expressions of skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number in case of exponential temperature dependent viscosity are just derived in this study. An important observation is that computational results are qualitatively like those noticed for the case of inversely linear temperature dependency.

Endoscopic electroincision of challenging benign biliopancreatic strictures

Background and study aims Endoscopic drainage of benign biliary and pancreatic strictures can be challenging, especially when tightness of the stenosis does not allow passage of mechanical and pneumatic dilation catheters. Electroincision of benign biliopancreatic can be considered in selected cases. Patients and methods Three male patients (mean age 33 years, range 9–60) underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography to drain anastomotic biliary stricture (ABS) following orthotopic liver transplantation (n = 2) and pancreatic duct stenosis due to abdominal trauma (n = 1). The biliopancreatic strictures could be passed only with a thin 0.020-inch hydrophilic guidewire. Conventional mechanical and pneumatic dilators failed to pass the strictures due to weakness of the guidewire. Therefore, electrosurgical incision by over-the-wire 6Fr cystotome or needle-knife was attempted using pure cut current. Results The two cases of ABS were approached also by cholangioscopy and the 6Fr cystotome easily passed the strictures, allowing subsequent pneumatic dilatation and insertion of multiple plastic stents. The patient with a pancreatic duct stricture underwent electrosurgical incision using a thin needle knife over-the-wire, resulting in insertion of a 7Fr pancreatic stent. No adverse events occurred; all the patients were discharged within 24 to 48 hours. Conclusions Electrosurgical incision of benign biliopancreatic strictures could be considered in selected patients whom conventional dilation techniques fail.

Modified Buongiorno’s model for biomagnetic hybrid nanoliquid past a permeable moving thin needle

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the steady biomagnetic hybrid nanofluid (HNF) of oxytactic microorganisms taking place over a thin needle with a magnetic field using the modified Buongiorno’s nanoliquid model.Design/methodology/approachOn applying the appropriate similarity transformations, the governing partial differential equations were transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations. These equations have been then solved numerically using Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method of fourth–fifth order programming in MAPLE software. Features of the velocity profiles, temperature distribution, reduced skin friction coefficient, reduced Nusselt number and microorganisms’ flux, for different values of the governing parameters were analyzed and discussed.FindingsIt was observed that as the needle thickness and solid volume fraction increase, the temperature rises, but the velocity field decreases. For a higher Peclet number, the motile microorganism curve increases, and for a higher Schmidt number, the concentration curve rises.Originality/valueOn applying the modified Buongiorno’s model, the present results are original and new for the study of HNF flow and heat transfer past a permeable thin needle.

Dynamics of Non-Newtonian Tangent Hyperbolic Liquids Conveying Tiny Particles on Objects with Variable Thickness when Lorentz Force and Thermal Radiation are Significant

The flow via needle has prominent applications in the modern world such as nano-wires, microstructure electric gadgets, microsensors, surgical instruments and biological treatments. The present investigation focuses on boundary layer heat, flow, and mass transfer of MHD tangent hyperbolic fluid (conveying tiny particles) via a thin needle under the impacts of activation energy, non-constant thermal conductivity, heat source, and nonlinear thermal radiation. In the description of the Buongiorno model, the significant features of Brownian motion and thermophoresis have been included. Adopting appropriate transformations to the given problem specified by the set of partial differential equations yields the dimensionless form of ordinary differential equations After that, these obtained ODEs are solved numerically via MATLAB bvp4c. A comparative result with previous findings is conducted. Physical parameters’ impact on flow rate, heat, and concentration is exhibited and explained in depth. The main findings of this study are that flow patterns reduce as the magnetic parameter and the Weissenberg number grow. Higher values of Brownian motion, heat source/sink, nonlinear radiation, and thermophoretic parameter improve the thermal profile. Moreover, the rate of heat transfer for the variable property case is significantly improved. Concentration profiles reduce as the thermophoresis parameter and chemical reaction parameter grow but improve as the activation energy and Brownian motion parameter rise. The percentage increase in Sherwood number is 35.07 and 5.44 when the thermophoresis takes input in the range 0 ≤ Nt ≤ 0.2 and activation energy parameters 0 ≤ E ≤ 0.2. The Weissenberg number and power-law index parameters are all designed to boost the Sherwood number.

Reorientation technique has benefits in bone marrow aspiration of stem cells

We treated patients with osteoarthritis of the knee using injections of bone marrow aspirate concentrate (stem cell therapy). Since multiple controversial harvesting methods using different sites, needles, volumes and techniques have been described, we aimed to compare those methods. Four different harvesting sites at the iliac crest, three different types of needles, three different types of volumes and two different harvesting techniques were compared in 48 bone marrow aspirations. The conventional technique (Group 1) was compared with a reorientation technique (Group 2). The number of leucocytes and CD34 + cells and the viability in bone marrow aspirate (BMA) were analysed with a CytoFLEX Flow Cytometer. The reorientation technique showed significantly higher cell counts than the conventional technique in all parameters. Leucocytes per nl increased from 5 ± 2 to 12 ± 4 (p < .001), and CD 34 + cells per μl increased from 40 ± 40 to 140 ± 98 (p = .003). There was no difference between anterior and posterior harvesting at the iliac crest or between use of a thick and use of a thin needle. Use of the reorientation technique, compared to employing the conventional technique, has a significant advantage since the number of leucocytes and CD34 + cells can be tripled. For the use of bone marrow aspirate in the case of arthritis, it might therefore be a future option to harvest a maximum cell yield through the new reorientation technique and to omit centrifugation. However, the clinical relevance of these findings remains the subject of future studies.Level of Evidence: Level I.Clinical relevance: Enhanced technique of BMA for knee surgeons to ensure the maximum cell yield for stem cell therapy in regenerative medicine.

The Effects of Conventional Physical Therapy with and Without Dry Needling on Pain, Range of Motions and Functional Disability in Patients with Shoulder Impingement Syndrome

Dry needling is a technique in which thin monofilament-based needles are inserted into soft tissues, especially trigger points in muscles. It is being used in a range of neuromuscular pain syndromes such as shoulder impingement syndrome in current study. In physical therapy, it is narrowly referred to as an intramuscular procedure for the treatment of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). Objective: To compare the conventional physical therapy with and without dry needling on pain, range of motion, and functional disability in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome. Methods: It was randomized controlled trial conducted on 66 patients of shoulder impingement syndrome based on inclusion criteria and divided randomly allocated equally in two groups of 33 in each of conventional therapy and dry needling group. The outcome measures used were numeric pain rating scale for pain, DASH for hand arm function and shoulder ranges of motion. The SPSS 25.0 was used to analyse data. The descriptive statistics was applied, and inferential statistics was applied based on findings of tests of normality. Results: The results showed that the post interventional pain score was 1.43±1.37, 32.11 for conventional group and for experimental group that of 1.60±1.02, 34.89 with non-significant difference 0.544, while DASH score was 27.02±13.22, 38.85 for conventional group and for experimental group that of 19.92±11.20, 28.15 with significant difference 0.024. The results for flexion, abduction, internal and external rotation were non-significant with p value &gt;0.05. Conclusions: It was concluded that although there was significant improvement in pain, range of motion and function in both of dry needling and conventional groups, however, pain and shoulder ranges improved equally in both groups without a statistically significant difference while that of disability improved significantly in dry needling group

Estimation of chemical properties of single- and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT/MWCNT) in the suspended nanofluids flow over a thin moving needle

ABSTRACT The aim of the current study is to analyze the flow and heat transport mechanism in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the suspended nanofluids flow due to a thin needle. The influence of MHD, activation energy, and thermal radiation are also incorporated while developing boundary layer equations governing the nanofluid flow. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) problem are reduced into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using an appropriate similarity transformation and then computed numerically through the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg fifth-order (RKF-5) numerical method with a shooting scheme. The sway of significant parameters on velocity, temperature, and concentration evaluations are examined in detail, and the results are shown graphically. The quantities of physical interest, such as local skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number, and local Sherwood number, are also investigated for pertinent parameters. When the size of needle thickness expands, the surface drag force increases for single- and multi-wall carbon nanotubes. Furthermore, heat transfer rate enhances by rising values of Eckert number for first and second branch solutions. The results also revealed that the higher values of the chemical reaction parameter diminish the concentration distribution for both solutions.

Clinical Analysis of Thin Face Needle Combined with Hyaluronic Acid in Micromorphology of Inferior Facial Remodeling

Clinical Analysis of Thin Face Needle Combined with Hyaluronic Acid in Micromorphology of Inferior Facial Remodeling

Anesthetic injection pain and hematoma occurrence during upper blepharoplasty: Comparison between thin needles and thick needles

BackgroundUpper blepharoplasty is one of the most commonly performed esthetic surgeries, but injection pain during local anesthesia often disturbs patients. The objective of this study was to identify the pain levels associated with anesthetizing the upper eyelids in blepharoplasty and determine whether injection with thin needles is associated with less pain and bleeding than injection with thick needles. MethodsThe study included 50 patients who underwent bilateral upper blepharoplasty. The eyelids were anesthetized using 2% lidocaine with 1:100 ​000 epinephrine. One upper eyelid was randomly injected with a thin needle (26G) and the other with a thick needle (22G). The pain level was scored by patients immediately after the injection of each eyelid using a visual analog scale (VAS) ranging from 0 to 10. The incidence of eyelid hematomas caused by the anesthetic injection was also recorded. ResultsThe VAS scores in eyelids injected with thin needles were not significantly lower than those in eyelids injected with thick needles (4.0 vs. 4.0, P=0.393). The formation of eyelid bruises caused by thin-needle injection was less frequent than that caused by thick-needle injection (16% vs. 26%), but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.326). ConclusionUsing thin needles for local anesthesia during upper blepharoplasty could not significantly decrease injection pain or hematoma occurrence compared with that associated with using thick needles.