Thin Electrolyte Layer Research Articles

Unveiling the interaction between corrosion products and oxygen reduction on the corrosion of Mg–4Nd–0.4Zr alloy under thin electrolyte layers

Although hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is considered to be the main cathodic reaction of Mg corrosion, oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has been recently confirmed to be a secondary cathodic reaction. The factors affecting ORR of magnesium (Mg) alloys are still unclear, especially in cases under thin electrolyte layers (TEL). In this work, the influence of the corrosion product films on the cathodic reactions of Mg alloys under TEL and in a bulk solution was investigated. ORR does not influence the hydrogen evolution rates in the corrosion of Mg alloys. Therefore, with the existence of oxygen, corrosion rates of Mg alloys measured by hydrogen evolution tests are not accurate under TEL. And weight loss test is a more accurate method to evaluate Mg corrosion rates under TEL. ORR was confirmed to participate in the corrosion of Mg–4Nd–0.4Zr, Mg–4Nd and Mg–0.4Zr alloys under TEL. In 100-μm TEL, the highest contribution of ORR in cathodic reactions for the corrosion of Mg–4Nd–0.4Zr, Mg–4Nd and Mg–0.4Zr alloys are 28.6%, 39.1%, and 35.8%, respectively. The more protective film on Mg–4Nd–0.4Zr alloy provides a stronger inhibition effect against the diffusion of oxygen, leading to decreased ORR contribution in cathodic reactions. In addition, it is suggested that the preparation of Mg alloys with protective corrosion product films can inhibit the corrosion induced by ORR in the atmosphere. This work emphasizes the effects of corrosion product films on ORR in Mg corrosion, especially under TEL.

Insight into the acceleration effect of current-carrying condition on copper conductor atmospheric corrosion

Copper is widely used as conductive components in transmission lines, facing severe corrosion risks. The current passing through copper conductors will significantly affect its corrosion process, yet there is a lack of detailed study on the corrosion mechanism under this specific condition. Thus, this study investigated the effect of direct current current-carrying (DC C-C) conditions on the atmospheric corrosion behavior of copper conductors under thin electrolyte layer (TEL) through electrochemical measurements and corrosion exposure experiments. Results revealed that the presence of DC C-C significantly hastened the corrosion process of copper conductors in the TEL, leading to distinct corrosion patterns at the input and output ends. Furthermore, both the extent of corrosion acceleration and the unevenness of corrosion were positively correlation with the DC C-C level. The above phenomenon was attributed to the special motion of charged particles and paramagnetic substances in TEL under the self-generated magnetic field.

A versatile electrochemical cell for in-situ GI-XRD measurements on lab-scale XRD devices

In-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) cells for electrochemical experiments suffer from strong attenuation of primary and diffracted beams within the electrolyte solution. To reduce the intensity loss of the X-rays, the use of a thin layer of electrolyte solution is an essential element of the conventional cell design. On the other hand, the thin layer electrolyte geometry is a considerable limitation for electrochemical measurements. To overcome these drawbacks a versatile electrochemical cell for in-situ GI-XRD measurements was constructed and used for the electrodeposition of Cu2O thin films on a copper substrate.In this design, a thin copper metal film working electrode is applied on a polyimide foil and then backside-illuminated in GI-XRD geometry. In this way, the XRD pattern is measured from the electrolyte/electrode interface of the working electrode. The X-rays only have to penetrate the polymer foil and the sputtered metal layer, resulting in high-intensity signals.In this work, we demonstrate the abilities of the in-situ cell with quantitative measurements of cathodic deposition of Cu2O thin layers. The results show a good agreement between the diffracted X-ray peak intensities and the calculated and measured thicknesses of the oxide layers. The cell design allows the structural characterization of electrode surfaces during electrochemical measurements without the disadvantages of thin layer cells and therefore does not require high intensity synchrotron radiation to perform X-ray diffraction during electrochemical investigations.

Disruptive Semi-Solid Lithium Sulfur Battery Cell Design with Fully Separated Anolyte and Catholyte

Lithium-Sulfur-Batteries (LSBs) have been discussed as one of the most promising post-lithium-ion-battery technologies in literature for the last decade due to their high theoretical specific energy of 2600 Wh/kg. However, several drawbacks still exist in case of liquid LSB-concepts, especially cycling stability with low electrolyte excess in combination with a reasonable sulfur utilization plus cycle stability still hinders the commercial breakthrough of this battery technology. One main reason for both issues is the dissolution of the active material, sulfur, as polysulfides in the electrolyte, which leads to the so-called polysulfide shuttle that comprises polysulfide diffusion through the cell to the lithium metal anode resulting in decomposition reactions, and therefore, loss of active material. Several electrolyte approaches in order to limit polysulfide dissolution have been developed over the last 5-10 years, however, those electrolyte formulations usually lead to a strong lithium metal corrosion. Electrolytes that enable stable cycling of lithium metal batteries in combination with a nickel manganese cobalt oxide cathode have been successfully developed, however, they are ususally not compatible with the polysulfides of Li-S batteries. Hence, decoupling the anolyte from the catholyte has been much desirable. Recently introduced solid-state lithium sulfur batteries based on sulfidic solid electrolytes might overcome some challenges of conventional liquid LSBs since no formation or diffusion of polysulfide species can take place, and very high sulfur utilization have been already reached. However, solid-state LSBs have not been cycleable so far when a thin layer of solid electrolyte and lithium metal anode (without indium) were employed, especially in pouch cells, due to the formation of lithium dendrites, resulting in short circuits.Herein, a completely new battery design, a “semi-solid”-LSB, is presented. The concept combines the advantages of liquid and solid state LSBs. On the cathode side, an electrode comprising carbon, sulfur and sulfidic solid electrolyte (argyrodite) enables a solid to solid conversion of sulfur resulting in a complete suppression of the polysulfide shuttle.On the anode side, a liquid electrolyte enabling stable cycling of a lithium metal anode is employed. A careful design of the liquid electrolyte is crucial in order to obtain high stability of the liquid electrolyte against the lithium metal anode as well as to avoid side reaction between the solid electrolyte of the cathode and the liquid electrolyte. Different electrolytes are discussed for the new cell design and proof of concept was successfully reached in coin cells leading to 100 cycles with a stable coulombic efficiency of over 99 % which outperforms the majority of previously published Li-S cycling data. In addition, the concept was also transferred into first semi-solid lithium sulfur-pouch cells which is an important step in the direction of practical applications.

Surface wettability control of bubble flow guide for a thin aqueous electrolyte layer of solar photoelectrochemical reactors

Abstract Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier as no carbon dioxide is emitted during its use in fuel cells or combustion. Solar photoelectrochemical water splitting is a potential process for producing renewable hydrogen. Herein, energy transport phenomena are addressed for the future design of large-scale reactors. First, we show that the thickness of the aqueous electrolyte layer is an essential factor for utilizing the full spectrum of solar radiation. The transport of solar irradiation through the aqueous electrolyte is theoretically analysed. Next, based on the measurement of light transmission through hydrogen bubbles generated from a hydrogen evolving electrode, the energy loss caused by the bubbles covering a photoelectrode is discussed. The bubble size distributions at practical current densities are also presented. Then, a bubble flow guide for controlling the stream of bubbles in a thin electrolyte layer is proposed. A design strategy and experimental results verifying the performance of the bubble flow guide are presented. We demonstrate that surface wettability and inclination angle are important for designing an effective bubble flow guide. We examine the surface wettability control using hydrophilic coatings in detail. Changes in the water contact angles as well as bubble adhesion forces on the coated surfaces are demonstrated. In addition, the current experimental method can be used to identify essential issues in photoelectrochemical processes. Because bubble trapping and growth in a flow guide are reflected in the electrode potential variation, the discussion of electrode potential variation would be useful for further developing bubble flow guides. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential for developing and designing solar photoelectrochemical reactors.

Cathode|Electrolyte Interface Engineering by a Hydrogel Polymer Electrolyte for a 3D Porous High-Voltage Cathode Material in a Quasi-Solid-State Zinc Metal Battery by In Situ Polymerization.

This work highlights the development of a superior cathode|electrolyte interface for the quasi solid-state rechargeable zinc metal battery (QSS-RZMB) by a novel hydrogel polymer electrolyte using an ultraviolet (UV) light-assisted in situ polymerization strategy. By integrating the cathode with a thin layer of the hydrogel polymer electrolyte, this technique produces an integrated interface that ensures quick Zn2+ ion conduction. The coexistence of nanowires for direct electron routes and the enhanced electrolyte ion infiltration and diffusion by the 3D porous flower structure with a wide open surface of the Zn-MnO electrode complements the interface formation during the in situ polymerization process. The QSS-RZMB configured with an integrated cathode (i-Zn-MnO) and the hydrogel polymer electrolyte (PHPZ-30) as the separator yields a comparable specific energy density of 214.14Whkg-1 with that of its liquid counterpart (240.38Whkg-1, 0.5MZn(CF3SO3)2 aqueous electrolyte). Other noteworthy features of the presented QSS-RZMB system include its superior cycle life of over 1000 charge-discharge cycles and 85% capacity retention with 99% coulombic efficiency at the current density of 1.0Ag-1, compared to only 60% capacity retention over 500 charge-discharge cycles displayed by the liquid-state system under the same operating conditions.

A Rotating Cathode with Periodical Changes in Electrolyte Layer Thickness for High-Rate Li‒O2 Batteries.

Li-O2 batteries (LOBs) possess the highest theoretical gravimetric energy density among all types of secondary batteries, but they are still far from practical applications. The poor rate performance resulting from the slow mass transfer is one of the primary obstacles in LOBs. To solve this issue, a rotating cathode with periodic changes in the electrolyte layer thickness is designed, decoupling the maximum transfer rate of Li+ and O2. During rotation, the thinner electrolyte layer on the cathode facilitates the O2 transfer, and the thicker electrolyte layer enhances the Li+ transfer. As a result, the rotating cathode enables the LOBs to undergo 58 cycles at 2.5mA cm-2 and discharge stably even at a high current density of 7.5 mA cm-2. Besides, it also makes the batteries exhibit a large discharge capacity of 6.8 mAh cm-2, and the capacity decay is much slower with increasing current density. Notably, this rotating electrode holds great promise for utilization in other electrochemical cells involving gas-liquid-solid triple-phase interfaces, suggesting a viable approach to enhance the mass transfer in such systems.

Electromagnetically driven flow in unsupported electrolyte layers: lubrication theory and linear stability of annular flow

We consider a thin horizontal layer of a non-magnetic electrolyte containing a bulk solution of salt and carrying an electric current. The layer is bounded by two deformable free surfaces loaded with an insoluble surfactant and is placed in a vertical magnetic field. The arising Lorentz force drives the electrolyte in the plane of the layer. We employ the long-wave approximation to derive general two-dimensional hydrodynamic equations describing symmetric pinching-type deformations of the free surfaces. These equations are used to study the azimuthal flow in an annular film spanning the gap between two coaxial cylindrical electrodes. In weakly deformed films, the base azimuthal flow and its linear stability with respect to azimuthally invariant perturbations are studied analytically. For relatively thick layers and weak magnetic fields, the leading mode with the smallest decay rate is found to correspond to a monotonic azimuthal velocity perturbation. The Marangoni effect leads to further stabilisation of the flow while perturbations of the solute concentration in the bulk of the fluid have no influence on the flow stability. In strongly deformed films in the diffusion-dominated regime, the azimuthal flow becomes linearly unstable with respect to an oscillatory mixed mode characterised by the combination of radial and azimuthal velocity perturbations when the voltage applied between electrodes exceeds the critical value.

Recent Novel Fabrication Techniques for Proton-Conducting Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Research has been conducted on solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) for their fuel flexibility, modularity, high efficiency, and power density. However, the high working temperature leads to the deterioration of materials and increased operating costs. Considering the high protonic conductivity and low activation energy, the proton conducting SOFC, i.e., the protonic ceramic fuel cell (PCFC), working at a low temperature, has been wildly investigated. The PCFC is a promising state-of-the-art electrochemical energy conversion system for ecological energy; it is characterized by near zero carbon emissions and high efficiency, and it is environment-friendly. The PCFC can be applied for the direct conversion of various renewable fuels into electricity at intermediate temperatures (400–650 °C). The construction of the PCFC directly affect its properties; therefore, manufacturing technology is the crucial factor that determines the performance. As a thinner electrolyte layer will lead to a lower polarization resistance, a uniformly constructed and crack-free layer which can perfectly bond to electrodes with a large effective area is challenging to achieve. In this work, different fabrication methods are investigated, and their effect on the overall performance of PCFCs is evaluated. This article reviews the recent preparation methods of PCFCs, including common methods, 3D printing methods, and other advanced methods, with summarized respective features, and their testing and characterization results.

Electrochemical migration behavior between Cu and Ag under a thin electrolyte layer containing chloride

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of chloride ion concentration and applied bias voltage on the electrochemical migration (ECM) behavior between Cu and Ag under an NaCl thin electrolyte layer (TEL).Design/methodology/approachA self-made experimental setup for the ECM behavior between Cu and Ag was designed. An HD video measurement microscopy was used to observe the typical dendrite/corrosion morphology and pH distribution. Short-circuit time (SCT), short-circuit current density and the influence of the galvanic effect between Cu and Ag on their ECM behavior were studied by electrochemical tests. The surface morphology and composition of dendrite were characterized by FESEM/EDS.FindingsThe SCT increased with increasing NaCl concentration but decreased with increasing applied bias voltage, and the SCT between Cu and Ag was less than that between Cu and Cu because their galvanic effect accelerated the dissolution and migration of Cu. When NaCl concentration was less than or equal to 6 mmol/L, cedar-like dendrite was formed, whereas no dendrite formed and only precipitation occurred at high chloride ion concentration (100 mmol/L). The composition of the dendrite between Cu and Ag was copper.Research limitations/implicationsThe significance of this study is to clarify the ECM failure mechanism of printed circuit board (PCB) with an immersion silver surface finish (PCB-ImAg).Practical implicationsThis study provides a basic theoretical basis for the selection of protective measures and metal coatings for PCB.Social implicationsThe social implication of this study is to predict the service life of PCB.Originality/valueThe ECM behavior of dissimilar metals under a TEL was investigated, the influence of the galvanic effect between them on their ECM was discussed, and the SCT increased with increasing NaCl concentration.

A novel electrochemical flow-cell for operando XAS investigations in X-ray opaque supports.

Improvement of electrochemical technologies is one of the most popular topics in the field of renewable energy. However, this process requires a deep understanding of the electrode-electrolyte interface behavior under operando conditions. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is widely employed to characterize electrode materials, providing element-selective oxidation state and local structure. Several existing cells allow studies as close as possible to realistic operating conditions, but most of them rely on the deposition of the electrodes on conductive and X-ray transparent materials, from where the radiation impinges the sample. In this work, we present a new electrochemical flow-cell for operando XAS that can be used with X-ray opaque substrates, since the signal is effectively detected from the electrode surface, as the radiation passes through a thin layer of electrolyte (∼17 μm). The electrolyte can flow over the electrode, reducing bubble formation and avoiding strong reactant concentration gradients. We show that high-quality data can be obtained under operando conditions, thanks to the high efficiency of the cell from the hard X-ray regime down to ∼4 keV. We report as a case study the operando XAS investigation at the Fe and Ni K-edges on Ni-doped γ-Fe2O3 films, epitaxially grown on Pt substrates. The effect of the Ni content on the catalytic performances for the oxygen evolution reaction is discussed.

Corrosion Electrochemistry at Micro/Nano-Scale

A fundamental understanding of corrosion mechanisms is the key to developing suitable corrosion protection approaches for metallic structures and new corrosion resistant alloys for emerging technologies. However, corrosion testing methods such as mass loss and conventional electrochemical testing average over large areas and thus often mask the underlying mechanisms, due to either low sensitivity, low resolution, and/or a lack of element-resolved information. Recent advances in electron microscopy have led to development of liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy (LC-TEM) that allows in-situ monitoring of morphological and even compositional evolution in materials at high spatial resolution during interactions of surfaces with aqueous environments. However, electrochemical testing in such restricted volume with a very thin (~ 500 nm) electrolyte layer places stringent demands not only for a reference electrode, but also for a comprehensive understanding of the factors affecting electrochemical kinetics at the nano-scale1.In order to solve the need for a micro-reference electrode, we recently proposed the concept of metallic Luggin-Haber probe2. The metallic Luggin-Haber probe is a metal wire that serves as a bridge between the test solution and the reference electrode that was in a physically-distinct container. In standard-scale electrochemical cells, it was found that the metal bridge (MB) provides a means of making potential measurements that are identical to those made using a direct reference electrode or using a salt bridge.The MB is shown to be compatible with a wide range of electrochemical techniques including cyclic potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The present work explores the compatibility of the MB for electrochemistry in LC-TEM using Pt as working electrode. The work includes the effect of radiolysis of electrolyte, electrolyte flow rate, pH and potential scan rate on electrochemical kinetics when using LC-TEM, in a detailed comparison with results obtained using a standard-scale electrochemical cell. Present work is a discrete effort towards developing advanced methodologies for electrochemical measurement in situations involving restricted electrolyte volume including thin electrolyte layers, droplets, localized corrosion sites, batteries and fuel cells. References A. Kosari, H. Zandbergen, F. Tichelaar, P. Visser, H. Terryn, and A. Mol, Corrosion, 76, 4–17 (2020).S. Choudhary, K. Marusak, T. Eldred, and R. G. Kelly, J. Electrochem. Soc., 169, 111505 (2022).

Interaction between proton conducting BaCe0.2Zr0.7Y0.1O3 electrolyte and structural ceramics during sintering

The chemical compatibility of thin electrolyte layers and their support materials at high temperatures is crucial for the performance in solid oxide cells and membranes. This work describes the chemical interaction between the electrolyte material, BaCe0.2Zr0.7Y0.1O3 + 0.5 wt% NiO (BCZY), and structural ceramics Al2O3, 8 mol% yttria stabilized zirconia (8YSZ), TiO2, CeO2 and MgO during sintering. 1:1 wt% powder mixtures of the electrolyte material and structural ceramics were annealed at 1500 °C for 5 h, with the phase composition being determined through XRD analysis at room temperature. Subsequently, the material interaction between BCZY films deposited on the most promising structural ceramic MgO was investigated by SEM and EDS. In particular, the complex sintering requirements to form single-phase BCZY electrolyte layers is troubled upon coating and sintering BCZY on MgO. Hereby, the diffusion of NiO into the MgO support leads to a deficiency of NiO in the BCZY layer, making the solution and precipitation mechanism required to form the perovskitic phase unable to occur. In extreme scenarios, the electrolyte layer depletion of NiO can even cause the decomposition of a single-phase BCZY into BaZrO3, Ce-Y fluorite and a BCZY perovskite phase of undefined composition.

Thin, Highly Ionic Conductive, and Mechanically Robust Frame‐Based Solid Electrolyte Membrane for All‐Solid‐State Li Batteries

AbstractA thin but robust solid electrolyte layer is crucial for realizing the theoretical energy density of all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) beyond state‐of‐the‐art Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). This study proposes a simple but practical strategy for fabricating thin solid electrolyte membranes using 5‐µm perforated polyethylene separators with 35% open areas as the supporting component, which ensures mechanical robustness for commercial‐level cell assembly. The thickness of this frame‐based solid electrolyte (f‐SE) membrane can be reduced to ≈45 µm, even after coating the Li6PS5Cl (LPSCl) solid electrolyte composite. Despite a slightly lower ionic conductivity compared to that of thick LPSCl pellets, the f‐SE membranes show high conductance and low overpotential in Li||Li symmetric cells. Their incorporation into LiNi0.7Co0.15Mn0.15O2 full cells increases the reversible capacity and rate capability compared to those of cells with conventional LPSCl pellets. The f‐SE membrane cells exhibit excellent cycling stability over 250 cycles, while maintaining high‐capacity retention and Coulombic efficiency. Notably, the f‐SE membranes significantly increase the energy density of ASSBs (314 Wh kg−1), exceeding the values reported for sulfide‐based cells. These results highlight the crucial role of f‐SE membranes in improving the mechanical properties and energy density of ASSBs, thereby contributing to the development of next‐generation Li battery technologies.

Topographical profiles and mechanical property of corrosion product films on a pipeline steel in Desulfovibrio vulgaris-containing thin electrolyte layer characterised by atomic force microscopy

ABSTRACT Internal corrosion of wet gas pipelines usually occurs in thin layers of water condensate with dissolved gases such as CO2, where a bacterial community can grow to cause microbiological corrosion. In this work, surface films generated during corrosion of an X52 pipeline steel under a CO2-containing thin electrolyte layer (TEL) in the absence and presence of Desulfovibrio vulgaris bacteria were characterised by atomic force microscopy. The film generated in the Desulfovibrio vulgaris-containing TEL, i.e. a mixture of FeS, FeCO3 and biopolymers, as compared with the film generated in the sterile TEL (i.e. FeCO3-dominant corrosion products), is topographically less compact and softer, with a reduced elastic modulus. After 7 days of immersion, the elastic modulus of the surface films generated in the sterile and D. vulgaris-containing TELs are 11.81 and 6.79 GPa, respectively.

Thin layer sonoelectrochemistry: Impact on slow heterogeneous electron transfer

In thin layer sonoelectrochemistry (TLS), constructive interference is established in a thin layer of electrolyte with a low power, ultrasonic quartz crystal oscillator (QCO). No cavitation, no temperature increase, and no impacts on mass transport are observed. In this first report of TLS experiments without cavitation, voltammetric morphologies are not disrupted. Interfacial electron transfer for three transition metal species are evaluated with established cyclic voltammetric diagnostics. For Ru(bpy)32+ with inherently fast (reversible) interfacial electron transfer, voltammograms are unchanged on sonication at 41 kHz. For Fe3＋ with slow heterogeneous electron transfer, interfacial rate increases with sonication, where increases in rate persist without diminution for minutes postsonication. For a cobalt phenanthroline probe, changes in voltammetric morphology at higher QCO intensity are consistent with chemical changes of ligand loss. Constructive interference in TLS imparts sound pressure to the electrode solution interface to increase electron transfer rates without mass transport disruption. TLS may provide means to electrocatalyze interfacial rates.

Fluid mixing by an electromagnetically driven floating rotor.

We analyze the mixing properties of a floating stirrer driven electromagnetically in a thin layer of electrolyte, consisting of two free-floating magnets with opposite polarities connected by a rigid coupling. The magnetic rotor is set in circular motion using Lorentz forces created due to the interaction of the magnetic field of the rotor with dc currents actuated in logic sequence. We identify a coherent structure similar to a tripolar vortex whose central vortex rotates in the same direction of the rotor promoting chaotic mixing of the fluid in the laminar regime (Re=45). Dyed water visualization and particle image velocimetry were performed to characterize experimentally the mixing and flow dynamics at the surface of the electrolyte layer. A quasitwo-dimensional numerical simulation based on the immersed boundary method, which incorporates the fluid-solid interaction and reproduces the experimental observations satisfactorily, was carried out. Optimal mixing conditions are determined through the exponential growth of the material interfaces, which are established mainly by varying the distance separating the magnets of the rotor.

Design and Optimization of Composite Cathodes for Solid-State Batteries Using Hybrid Carbon Networks with Facile Electronic and Ionic Percolation Pathways.

Solid-state batteries (SSBs) have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional liquid electrolyte batteries due to their potential for higher energy density and improved safety. However, achieving high performance in SSBs is difficult because of inadequate contact and interfacial reactions that generate high interfacial resistance, as well as inadequate solid-solid contact between electrodes. These chronic issues are associated with inhomogeneous ion and electron transport networks owing to imperfect solid-solid interfacial contact. This study developed an optimal interfacial engineering strategy to facilitate an ion-electron transport network by designing an active material (NCM622) uniformly filled with a thin layer of a solid electrolyte (garnet-type Li6.25Ga0.25La3Zr2O12) and conductive additives. The optimal composite electrode architecture enhanced the high capacity, high rate capability, and long-term cycle stability, even at room temperature, owing to the percolating network for facile ionic conduction that assured a homogeneous reaction. In addition to mitigating the mechanical degradation of the cathode electrode, it also reduced the crosstalk effects on the anode-solid electrolyte interface. Effectively optimizing the selection and use of conductive additives in composite electrodes offers a promising approach to addressing key performance-limiting factors in SSBs, including interfacial resistance and solid-solid contact issues. This study underscores the critical importance of cathode architecture design for achieving high-performance SSBs by ensuring that the interfaces are intact with solid electrolytes at both the cathode and anode interfaces while promoting uniform reactions. This study provides valuable insights into the development of SSBs with improved performance, which could have significant implications for a wide range of applications.

On the localized corrosion of AA5083 in a simulated dynamic seawater/air interface—Part 2: effects of wetting time

The effect of wetting time on localized corrosion of AA5083-H111 aluminum alloy in a dynamic seawater/air interface zone was investigated using electrochemical measurements, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Longer wetting time resulted in a more serious localized corrosion degree and thus led to an uneven and incomplete corrosion product film. This was attributed to the presence of a thin electrolyte layer upon the alloy, restricting the repassivation of the corrosion pits.

Understanding stress corrosion cracking behavior of 7085-T7651 aluminum alloy in polluted atmosphere

The electrochemical and Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) behaviors of 7085-T7651 aluminum alloy in different environments are studied by electrochemical and mechanical testing. The research shows that the type, concentration of the corrosive medium and electrolyte state affect the electrochemical and SCC controlling processes of aluminum alloys. The Thin Electrolyte Layer (TEL) state and the addition of HSO3– increase the corrosion rate and SCC susceptibility. The presence of HSO3– in a corrosive environment can significantly accelerate the corrosion rate and mechanical property degradation, and this effect increases with the increase of HSO3– concentration. Compared with the solution environment, the TEL environment will further aggravate corrosion and mechanical property degradation. With the increase of HSO3– concentration, the pH of the corrosive environment exhibits little change, while the SCC degradation is significantly promoted. This is attributed to the HSO3– induced buffer effect and film-assisted stress effect, yielding the overshadowing effect against solution pH.